2. The End of WWII-East meets West
April 25, 1945
Elbe River, Germ.
American & Soviet Troops
3. agreed to divide Germany into 4 zones
High Pt. of cooperation
– but tensions existed
The Big 3
4. Mistrust Existed Between
America & The Soviet Union
Reasons for Americans
not to trust the Soviets?
• We feared communism
with its focus on
world revolution
Why wouldn’t they trust us?
Am. Tried to undo the
communist revolution of 1917
Stalin felt Am. didn‟t open a
2nd front sooner- let Soviets &
Germans kill each other
• Felt they couldn’t be trusted:
1917 – WWI
1939 WWII
After FDR died –
tensions boiled over
5. Potsdam Conference
July 1945
• How to administer
punishment to Nazi
Germany / Japan
• Truman mentioned an
unspecified "powerful
new weapon" to Stalin
• Tensions grew between
East & West
6. Soviet Dominated Europe
This caused a fear
in the West of
Soviet Expansion
The Red Army
stayed in
Eastern Europe
after the war
America had to decide how to deal with the Soviet threat
7. If you know NBA opponents approach to dealing
with Michael Jordan, then you will understand
American foreign policy towards the USSR
during the Cold War
“You can’t stop him, you can only hope to…………………..”
8. The Ideological Struggle
Soviet &
Eastern Bloc
Nations
[―Iron Curtain‖]
GOAL:spread world-wide Communism
METHODS of each Side:
US & the
Western
Democracies
GOAL:―Containment‖ of
Communism & the eventual
collapse of the Communist world
George Kennan
Espionage [KGB vs. CIA]
The Arms Race [nuclear escalation]
Ideological Competition for the ―minds and hearts‖
of Third World peoples [Comm. govt. & command
economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist economy]
- the Space Race & Olympic Games, etc
Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]
9. North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (1949)
United States
Luxemburg
Belgium
Netherlands
Britain
Norway
Canada
Portugal
Denmark
1952: Greece &
Turkey
France
Iceland
Italy
1955: West Germany
1983: Spain
10. Warsaw Pact (1955)
} U. S. S. R.
} East Germany
} Albania
} Hungary
} Bulgaria
} Poland
} Czechoslovakia
} Rumania
11.
12. Truman Doctrine [1947]
attempt to contain communism into
its already established borders
(Military & Economic Aid)
1. Civil War in Greece – U.S. gave $$
2. Turkey under pressure from the USSR for
concessions: Dardanelles – U.S. gave $$
3. The U.S. should support free peoples desire
for (self-Determination) against communists
15. European Cities were
destroyed following WWII
Dresden, Germany
London, Great Britain
Would they turn to the Communists for Support?
16. Marshall Plan [1948]
1. ―European Recovery Program‖
2. Sec. of State/George Marshall
3. The U. S. should provide
aid to all European nations
that need it
―This move is not against any country or
doctrine, but against
hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos‖ George Marshall
$12.5 billion of US aid to W. Europe / & to
E. Europe & USSR [but this was rejected]
Why?
17. The U.S. gave over $12 billion in aid to European countries
between 1948-1952, helping to improve their economies and
lessen the chance of communist revolutions.
18. First Major Cold War Crisis
Berlin Blockade
• June 1948 – May 1949
• Stalin attempted to cut off the 2 mill.
residents of West Berlin
• Truman & the Allies responded with
the Berlin Airlift
• Tensions increased between the U.S. &
Soviets
20. The “Iron Curtain”
From Stettin in the Balkans, to Trieste in the Adriatic, an
iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that
line lies the ancient capitals of Central and Eastern Europe.
-- Sir Winston Churchill, 1946
26. Sputnik I (1957)
The Russians have beaten America in
space—they have the technological edge!
27. Premier Nikita Khrushchev
About the capitalist
states, it doesn't
depend on you whether we
(Soviet Union) exists.
If you don't like us,
don't accept our
invitations, and don't
invite us to come
to see you. Whether
you like it our not, history is on our
side. We will bury you. -- 1956
28. McCarthyism / 1950’s
Red Scare
• McCarthy (R) Wisconsin
- February 9, 1950
Claimed to have a list of
205 at State Dept. who
were members of the
Communist Party
• Made wild accusations
• Finally Discredited in
1954
29. FCDA – Federal Civilian Defense Adm.
Atomic Anxieties:
―Duck-and-Cover
Generation‖
Atomic Testing:
1946-1962 : U. S. exploded 217
nuclear weapons over
Pacific and in Nevada
30. The Paranoia of a possible WW III led
many Americans to build Fallout Shelters
32. NASA
created in 1958 - Ike
Manned Missions into space
• Project Mercury – 1958
Could Man Survive in Space?
• Project Gemini – 1965
Space Walks and Docking w/other vehicles
• The Apollo Program – 1969
• Sky Lab – 1973
• Space Shuttle – 1981 to 2011
• International Space Station – 1998
• Mission to Mars?
33. The Space Race Heats up
The Soviets beat
America again
Yuri Gargarin
soviet cosmonaut
• 1st Human to orbit
the earth
April 12, 1961
34. America starts to catch up
to the Soviets - Project Mercury – 1 min
1961 – Alan Shepard
1st American in Space
1962 – John Glenn
1st American to
Orbit the Earth
35. John F. Kennedy
Speech at Rice University, Houston
Sept. 12, 1962
We choose to go to the moon in this
decade and do the other things, not because
they are easy, but because they are
hard, because that goal will serve to organize and measure
the best of our energies and skills, because that challenge is
one that we are willing to accept, one we are unwilling to
postpone, and one which we intend to win.
Then America took the lead in the Space Race…….
36. “The Eagle has Landed”
July, 20 1969
• Apollo 11- 1 min
“That’s one small step
for a man, one giant
• The 1st humans
"
landed on the Moon leap for mankind.”.
- Neil Armstrong
Buzz Aldrin
Michael Collins
37. Major Cold War Incidents
Both Concern Territories
Controlled by Japan during WWII
- After the Japanese were defeated
- What side would they turn to?
• Korean Conflict “The Forgotten War”
• Vietnam “The Ten Thousand Day War”
Also Incidents in:
Cuba & The Berlin Wall
38. The Korean War:
A “Police Action” (1950-1953)
Kim Il-Sung
Syngman Rhee
―Domino Theory‖
41. Ich bin ein Berliner!
(1963)
President Kennedy
tells Berliners that
the West is with
them!
42. The Cold War Spilled over
into the Olympic Games
Boycotts – ‟80 & „84
Miracle on Ice / ESPN poll
Greatest Sporting Event
in U.S. History
43. The Collapse of the USSR
• 1989 – The Berlin Wall Comes Down
• 1990 – Republics Begin Breaking Away
• 1991 – The Dissolution of the USSR
Dec. 26, 1991
47. Paris, 1961
Khrushchev & JFK meet to discuss Berlin and
nuclear proliferation. Khrushchev thinks JFK is
young, inexperienced, and can be pushed around.
48. U-2 Spy Incident
Col. Francis Gary
Powers’ plane was
shot down over Soviet
airspace.
