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To Establish Annulment:  A Closer Look at the Digression in Esther Chapter Nine A powerpoint accompaniment to “ The Day After: A Megillah Retrospective” Lecture Five By Rabbi David Fohrman
Part I: Some Questions
The Theme of Chapter Nine ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The efforts of Mordechai and Esther to make Purim “official”
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The efforts of Mordechai and Esther to make Purim “official” The digression
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The digression retells the Purim story – as if  we didn’t know it already. Why bother doing this? But the digression is also problematic in other ways, too… For example, its verses seem out of order:
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],First, it tells us that Haman cast lots to destroy the Jews. Then, we hear that Esther saved the day, causing Haman’s plot to recoil on his own head. And then, we are told that “this is why they call the day Purim – because of the “pur” (lots).
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],But wouldn’t it make more sense to do it this way… First, it tells us that Haman cast lots to destroy the Jews. Then, we hear that Esther saved the day, causing Haman’s plot to recoil on his own head. Then, we are told that “this is why they call the day Purim – because of the “pur” (lots).
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Moreover, the text gives us two reasons why the day is called Purim: First, it is because of the lots “pur”. And then: it got the name Purim “because of what was written in Esther’s letter”. But what is  that  supposed to mean?
Part II: A Theory
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],A key to understanding this passage is the realization that this root word can have more than one meaning.
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],On the one hand it means “lots” But – if we go back to our familiar parashah in Numbers that speaks of vows, we realize it can also mean “annulments”… ubrph  vahtu ubnheh vaht apb ,bgk rxt ,gca kfu rsb kf  ut vhrsb kf ,t ohevu ouh kt ouhn vaht vk ahrjh arjv otu  rpv  otu  ugna ouhc vk arjv hf o,t ohev vhkg rat vhrxt kf ,t van ,t vuvh vum rat ohejv vkt  vbug ,t tabu ugna hrjt o,t  rph vhct ,hc vhrgbc u,ck ct ihc u,atk aht ihc The Book of Esther The Book of Numbers
A New Reading ,[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Haman cast lots. If we read it with the alternate meaning of  “hfr”,  it would mean: Haman cast  “annulments” .  Maybe this means  the lots were instruments  designed to  ”annul”  the Jews; they would utterly erase them from the earth. But the word for “lots” is that special word…
Haman’s decree was written into law. He had implied that, as the king’s spouse, if she spoke up, she could “annul” that decree; and if she kept silent – it would be her silence that would “affirm” the decree and make it stand. But remember: Even after the decree became law,  Mordechai had assured Esther that it was still reversible.
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter Nine continues, telling us that Esther indeed came before the king.  uc,f o,tu  c,f hf  lknv ,gcyc un,ju lknv oac ofhbhgc cuyf ohsuvhv kg chavk iht lknv ,gcyc ou,jbu lknv oac c,fb rat But, let’s set the stage for that.  As we saw earlier (in chapter eight), when she asked  the king to repeal the decree, he protested that he couldn’t anymore.  The decree was “written in the books”. And when the king’s decree is written in the books, nothing can take it back anymore…
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Even though Esther could not repeal the king and Haman’s written word…. uc,f o,tu  c,f hf  lknv ,gcyc un,ju lknv oac ofhbhgc cuyf ohsuvhv kg chavk iht lknv ,gcyc ou,jbu lknv oac c,fb rat … she and Mordechai could still repeal  his thoughts. [that is, they could still leave his decree in place, but work against it, so that the decree would not accomplish what Haman planned.] Esther, ch. 9 Esther, ch. 8
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],uc,f o,tu  c,f hf  lknv ,gcyc un,ju lknv oac ofhbhgc cuyf ohsuvhv kg chavk iht lknv ,gcyc ou,jbu lknv oac c,fb rat And ironically, they effected this “repeal” by means of written letters… The same instruments used by Haman, which were supposedly impervious to repeal.
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],And this, the Megillah concludes, are why the days are called Purim. It might mean: They are called “days of lots” because of the lots But it also might mean: They are called “days of annulment”  because of the “annulment” [brought about by Esther]” And the double meaning of “ hfr ” again asserts itself…
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],And if we continue reading, the text explains for us:  “ It was called Purim because of the annulments; because of all that was written in this letter promulgated by Esther and because of what [ultimately] came to [the Jews]. In other words: They called it “days of annulments” not because Haman succeeded in his plan to annul the Jews – but because of the opposite: In the end, the thought behind Haman’s decree – which seemed to be so set in stone – was annulled.
Establishing the Annulment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Remember how the Book of Numbers employed two key words to describe how a spouse either affirms or annuls the vows of his mate?  These words are:  H’F’R  and   K’Y’M I f we turn our attention to the end of the Megillah, we will find something curious.  We will find these same words – or variants of their roots – appearing in spades…
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Establishment
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1 2 3 5 6 7 4 Annulment
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ubrph  vahtu  ubnheh  vaht apb ,bgk rxt ,gca kfu rsb kf  The Book of Numbers The Megillah
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ubrph  vahtu  ubnheh  vaht apb ,bgk rxt ,gca kfu rsb kf  The Book of Numbers The Megillah
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ubrph  vahtu  ubnheh  vaht apb ,bgk rxt ,gca kfu rsb kf  The Book of Numbers The Megillah
A Pair of Sevenths ,[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1 2 3 5 6 7 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
[object Object],Esther’s words established the  annulments… ,[object Object],Esther’s words established  Purim...

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Esther powerpoint 5

  • 1. To Establish Annulment: A Closer Look at the Digression in Esther Chapter Nine A powerpoint accompaniment to “ The Day After: A Megillah Retrospective” Lecture Five By Rabbi David Fohrman
  • 2. Part I: Some Questions
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  • 10. Part II: A Theory
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  • 15. Haman’s decree was written into law. He had implied that, as the king’s spouse, if she spoke up, she could “annul” that decree; and if she kept silent – it would be her silence that would “affirm” the decree and make it stand. But remember: Even after the decree became law, Mordechai had assured Esther that it was still reversible.
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  • 24. Remember how the Book of Numbers employed two key words to describe how a spouse either affirms or annuls the vows of his mate? These words are: H’F’R and K’Y’M I f we turn our attention to the end of the Megillah, we will find something curious. We will find these same words – or variants of their roots – appearing in spades…
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