De cuong tot nghiep thpt tieng anh

Đề cương ôn thi tốt nghiệp môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12
ĐỀ CƯƠNG CHI TIẾT
LESSON 1. PHONETICS (NGỮ ÂM)
1. MỘT VÀI QUY TẮC VỀ TRỌNG ÂM (STRESS)
Quy tắc Ví dụ Ngoại lệ
1. Từ có 2 vần:
- Thường nhấn ở vần đầu
- Danh từ hoặc tính từ: nhấn ở vần đầu
- Động từ: nhấn ở vần cuối
Candy, really, active, carrot
Dictate, present, export, rebel
Dictate, present, export, rebel
Cadec, divine,
possess, guitar,
patrol, manure
2. Các từ tận cùng là: IC, ION, IA, IAL, IAN,
IAR, IENCE, IENCY, IENT, IANCE, IUM,
IOUS, EOUS, UOUS, trọng âm thường đặt
ngay trước những âm này
Economic, revision, colonial,
magnesia, musician, familiar,
experience, efficient,
allegiance, gymnasium,
abstemious, continuous
Arithmetic, heretic,
appliance, reliance,
defiance
3. Các từ tận cùng là: OUS, ATE, TUDE,
ITY, ETY, AL, LOGY, GRAPHY, METRY,
NOMY, CY trọng âm thường từ âm thứ 3 từ
sau ra trước.
Adventurous, considerate,
altitude, capacity, variety,
mechanical, astrology,
photography, calorimetry,
antinomy, democracy
Incarnate,
disastrous
4. Các từ tận cùng là: ADE, EE, ESE, EER,
OO, OON, ETTE, ESQUE, trọng âm thường
nhấn ở vần cuối.
Charade, referee, Vietnamese,
engineer, taboo, balloon,
cigarette, burlesque
Centigrade,
committee,
overseer
5. Danh từ kép, trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết đầu Blackbird, greenhouse
6. Tính từ kép, động từ kép, trọng âm rơi
vào âm tiết thứ hai
Bad-tempered, old-fashioned
understand, overflow
2. PHÁT ÂM (PRONUNCIATION) : CÁCH PHÁT ÂM –S / ES VÀ -ED
Từ tận cùng là Thường phát âm là Thêm –S/ES đọc là Ví dụ
-p, -pe / p /
/ s /
Stops, hopes, develops, copes
-t, -te / t / Bats , hats, hates, writes
-k, -ke / k / Books, looks, breaks, makes
-gh, -ph / f / Laughs, photographs
-th, -the / θ / Lengths, bathes
-x, -s, -ce, -se / s /
/ iz /
Boxes, kisses, pieces, houses
-se / z / Uses (v), browses
-sh / ∫ / Washes, smashes
-ge / dz / Languages, bridges, ranges
-ch / ʧ / Watches, matches, catches
Trường hợp còn lại / z / Pens, tables, disappears
Từ tận cùng là Thường phát âm là Thêm –ED đọc là Ví dụ
-d, -de / d /
/ id /
Decided, needed
-t, -te / t / Wanted, dedicated
-k, -ke / k /
/ t /
Looked, caked,
-gh, -ph / f / Laughed, paragraphed
-x, -s, -ce, -se / s / Mixed, missed, pronounced
-p, -pe / p / Dropped, developed, roped
-sh / ∫ / Established, finished
-ch / ʧ / Scratched, stretched
Trường hợp còn lại / d / Used (v), prepared, cleaned
Giaó viên: Lê Thị Minh Huệ- THPT Bình Xuyên

Exercise
1. A. proofs B. books C. points D. days
2. A. asks B. breathes C. breaths D. hopes
3. A. sees B. sports C. pools D. trains
4. A. tombs B. lamps C. brakes D. invites
5. A. books B. floors C. combs D. drums
6. A. cats B. tapes C. rides D. cooks
7. A. walks B. begins C. helps D. cuts
8. A. shoots B. grounds C. concentrates D. forests
9. A. helps B. laughs C. cooks D. finds
10. A. hours B. fathers C. dreams D. thinks
11. A. beds B. doors C. plays D. students
12. A. arms B. suits C. chairs D. boards
13. A. boxes B. classes C. potatoes D. finishes
14. A. relieves B. invents C. buys D. deals
15. A. dreams B. heals C. kills D. tasks
16. A. resources B. stages C. preserves D. focuses
17. A. carriages B. whistles C. assures D. costumes
18. A. offers B. mounts C. pollens D. swords
19. A. miles B. words C. accidents D. names
20. A. sports B. households C. minds D. plays
• CÁCH PHÁT ÂM “ –ED” CUỐI : Đây là hình thức Past tensen và Past participle:
1. “-ed ” pronounced as / id /: sau / t, d / : Thường sau chữ t, d : .Ex: wanted; decided
2. “-ed ” pronounced as / t /: sau / k, f, p, s, ∫, t∫, h ,θ/ hoặc chữ p, k, f, th, s, sh, ch :.Ex: asked; stopped;
laughed...
3. “-ed ” pronounced as / d / : Trừ 2 trường hợp trên : .Ex: moved; played; raised
Ngọai lệ: Đuôi -ed trong các tính từ sau được phát âm /id/: aged, learned, beloved, blessed, naked,,...
Exercise
1. A. worked B. stopped C. forced D. wanted
2. A. kissed B. helped C. forced D. raised
3. A. confused B. faced C. cried D. defined
4. A. devoted B. suggested C. provided D. wished
5. A. catched B. crashed C. occupied D. coughed
6. A. agreed B. missed C. liked D. watched
7. A. measured B. pleased C. distinguishedD. managed
8. A. wounded B. routed C. wasted D. risked
9. A. imprisoned B. pointed C. shouted D. surrounded
10. A. a.failed B. reached C. absored D. solved
11. A. invited B. attended C. celebrated D. díplayed
12. A removed B. washed C. hoped D. missed
13. A. looked B. laughed C. moved D.stepped
14. A. wanted B.parked C. stopped D.watched
15. A. laughed B. passed C. suggested D. placed
16. A.believed B. prepared C. involved D. liked
17. A.lifted B. lasted C. happened D. decided
18. A. collected B. changed C. formed D. viewed
19. A. walked B. entertained C. reached D. looked
20. A.admired B. looked C. missed D. hoped
BÀI TẬP VỀ CÁC NGUYÊN ÂM VÀ CÁC PHỤ ÂM KHÁC :
1. A. heat B. scream C. meat D. dead
2. A. breakfast B. teacher C. east D. please
3. A. thrilling B. other C. through D. something
4. A. idea B. going C. will D. trip

5. A. face B. place C. prepared D. days
6. A. Germany B. garden C. gate D. gas
7. A. scholarship B. Christ C. school D. chicken
8. A. house B. harm C. hour D. husband
9. A. hundred B. exhausted C. however D. heat
10. A. head B. ready C. mean D. weather
11. A. choir B. cheap C. child D. chair
12. A. charge B. child C. teacher D. champagne
13. A. reason B. clear C. mean D. each
14. A. motion B. question C. mention D. fiction
15. A. gather B. good C. large D. again
16. A. change B. children C. machine D. church
17. A. write B. writer C. writing D. written
18. A. share B. rare C. are D. declare
19. A. apply B. university C. identity D. early
20. A. choice B. achieve C. each D. chemistry
LESSON 2+3. TENSES (THÌ)
Thì
Dạng
SIMPLE PRESENT
(Hiện Tại đơn)
SIMPLE PAST
(Quá Khứ đơn)
Khẳng định S + V [-s/-es] S + V-ed / 2
Phủ định S + don’t / doesn’t + V(bare-inf) S + didn’t + V(bare-inf)
Nghi vấn Do / Does + S + V (bare- inf) …? Did + S + V(bare-inf) …?
Bị động …am / is / are + V-ed/Vpp… …was / were + V-ed/Vpp…
Nhận biết
- always, usually, occasionally, often, …
- every : every day, every year…
- once…, twice…, 3 times…
- yesterday
- last : last week, last Sunday…
- ago : two months ago, five years ago…
- in the past
Thì
Dạng
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
(Hiện Tại tiếp diễn)
PAST CONTINUOUS
(Quá Khứ tiếp diễn)
Khẳng định S + am / is / are + V-ing S + was / were + V-ing
Phủ định S + am not / isn’t / aren’t + V-ing S + wasn’t / weren’t + V-ing
Nghi vấn Am / Is / Are + S + V-ing …? Was / Were + S + V-ing …?
Bị động …am / is / are + being + V-ed/Vpp… …was / were + being + V-ed/Vpp…
Nhận biết
- now, at present
- at the / this moment
- Sau câu mệnh lệnh :
Keep silent! The baby is sleeping
- At that moment
- When / As + (simple past):
When I came, she was crying.
- While :
A dog crossed the road while I was
driving.
Thì
Dạng
PRESENT PERFECT
(Hiện Tại hoàn thành)
PAST PERFECT
(Qúa Khứ hoàn thành)
Khẳng định S + has / have + V-ed/Vpp S + had + V-ed/Vpp
Phủ định S + hasn’t / haven’t + V-ed/Vpp S + hadn’t + V-ed/Vpp
Nghi vấn Has / Have + S + V-ed/Vpp …? Had + S + V-ed/Vpp…?
Bị động …has / have + been + V-ed/Vpp… …had been + V-ed/Vpp…
Nhận biết
- just, already, ever, yet, recent(ly), lately
- since, for : since 1995, for 9 years
- so far, up to now, from then
- after + (past perfect), (simple past)
- before + (simple past), (past perfect)
- by the time/when ( Vpast), Had + Vpp

Thì
Dạng
SIMPLE FUTURE
(Tương Lai đơn)
FUTURE PERFECT
(Tương Lai hoàn thành)
Khẳng định S + will + V (inf) S + will have+ V-ed/Vpp
Phủ định S + won’t + V (inf) S + won’t have + V-ed/Vpp
Nghi vấn Will + S + V (inf)…? Will + S + have + V-ed/Vpp…?
Bị động …will be + V-ed/Vpp… …will be + V-ed/Vpp…
Nhận biết
- tomorrow
- next… : next week, next Monday
- in the future
- by the end of this month
- by + (time in the future)
Khi chia động từ cần chú ý sự hòa hợp của chủ ngữ (S) và động từ (V):
* S1 + and + S2 => số nhiều. Ví dụ : Tom and Mary were late yesterday.
* Each, every, no + noun => số ít. Ví dụ : Each boy and girl has a textbook. No student is present
* (N)either + S1 + (n)or + S2 => chia theo S2. Ví dụ : He or you are the best student.
* S1, as well as + S2 => chia theo S1. Ví dụ : John, as well as you, is responsible for that
report.
* Chủ ngữ là danh từ chỉ đo lường, giá cả, tiền => số ít. Ví dụ : 5,000 dollars is a big sum of
money.
* Đại từ bất định (everyone, something, nobody…) => số ít. Ví dụ : Everybody is in the room.
PRACTICE
Exercise 1. Choose the most correct answer:
1. I _______this film twice.
A. see B. saw C. will see D. have seen
2. –Peter, please help me do the washing up. – Sorry, Mum. I ______ TV.
A. watch B. am watching C. had watched D. watched
3. The farmers _____ in the field now.
A. were working B. have worked C. worked D. are working
4. The war _____ out three years ago.
A. broke B. had broken C. has broken D. was breaking
5. He ______ a cup of coffee every morning.
A. drinks B. drank C. is drinking D. has drunk
6. She ______ a lot of new books.
A. had just bought B. has just bought C. buys D. bought
7. Up to the present, Nam_____ good work in his class.
A. does B. has done C. had done D. did
8. At present, that author ______ a historical novel.
A. is writing B. was writing C. has written D. had written
9. By next month, I _____ my first novel.
A. will finish B. am going to finish C. finish D. will have
finished
10. Phong ______ at the university so far.
A. had worked B. was working C. worked D. has worked
11. How long _____ able to drive? – since 1990.
A. could you B. have you been C. were you D. are you
12. They ______ since eight o’clock.
A. are talking B. have been talking C. talked D. talk
13. My brother _______ in the army from 1990 to 1995.
A. served B. has served C. had served D. is serving
14. At this moment, I _____ that we have a good chance of victory.
A. was feeling B. am feeling C. feel D. had been
feeling
15. I _____ the money from him yet.

A. haven’t received B. don’t receive C. will receive D. am receiving
16. This is the most interesting book _____ .
A. I’ve read B. I had read C. I’ve ever readed D. I’ve ever read
17. I ____ him ten days ago.
A. see B. saw C. have seen D. will see
18. It ______ a long time since I last saw him.
A. is B. was C. will be D. had been
19. She _____ so hard this week that she doesn’t have time to go to the hairdresser’s.
A. works B. worked C. has been working D. had worked
20. Mr. John_______ to Los Angeles in 1992.
A. had gone B. has gone C. went D. was going
21. What ______ to you yesterday?
A. happened B. did happen C. had happened D. has happened
22. I never go to Australia. I _____ to Australia yet.
A. will go B. went C. haven’t been D. have been
23. What _____ do at 7:00 tomorrow morning.
A. will you B. shall you C. were you D. did you
24. Why ______ you come yesterday?
A. couldn’t B. can’t C. didn’t D. A and C
25. My mother ______ in this factory since 1990
A. works B. worked C. has worked D. had worked
26. I _____ my hair before breakfast this morning.
A. washed B. had washed C. was washing D. have washed
27. I _____ about him when he suddenly came in.
A. talk B. talked C. am talking D. was talking
28. He will finish this work before you _______ here tomorrow.
A. leave B. will leave C. would leave D. are going to
leave
29. Don’t make noise. My mother ______ with her friends.
A. is talking B. was talking C. talks D. talked
30. He _____ in this office for ten years by next Monday.
A. will have been working B. would be working C. will work
D. will be working
Exercise 3: Find ONE mistake in each of the following sentences:
1. (A)Last year, my son (B)was lost (C)among the crowd when we (D)have gone shopping.
2. The problem (A)has turned out (B)to be more serious (C)than we (D)will have thought.
3. (A)Almost 300 million people (B)had visited (C)America’s national parks (D)every year.
4. They (A)have studied English(A) before they went (C)to London.
5. They (A)has got married (B)for 30 years (C)by the end of (D)this month.
6. They (A)will help you (B)whenever you (C)will ask (D)them.
7. (A)When Sam (B)will arrive, he will (C)open (D)the gift.
8. My father (A)has ever told (B)me honestychân thât
(C)was (D)the best policy.
9. Did you say (A)that you (B)will have a lot of things (C)to do the (D)following week?
10. (A)When we arrived (B)at (C)the station, the train (D)has already left.
11. (A)Did your doctor (B)recommend you that you (C)will stop (D)smoking?
12. (A) Up to now, there (B)had been (C)no woman (D)being chosen the US president.
13. The neighbors (A)are having a party. They (B)are making so much noise (C)since 6 o’clock. I
(D)can’t sleep.
14. (A)Don’t (B)leave the house (C)until I (D)will get back.
15. I (A)was walking along the pavement(B) when I (C)realized that there (D)has been a man following
me.
16. Human (A)had struggled (B)against weeds (C)since the beginning (D)of agriculture.
17. Mary (A)said (B)that she (C)do jogging (D)every morning.

18. (A)At this time (B)next week, Peter (C)was working (D)in London.
19. Never I (A)have seen (B)such a (C)good film (D)before.
20. (A)Before the 1920s, (B)no women (C)will vote (D)in the US.
LESSON 4. REPORTED SPEECH (CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT)
Để biến đổi một câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp cần:
1. Đổi chủ ngữ và các đại từ nhân xưng khác trong câu trực tiếp theo chủ ngữ của thành phần thứ
nhất.
2. Lùi động từ ở mệnh đề 2 về một bậc so với lúc ban đầu.
3. Biến đổi các đại từ, phó từ chỉ thời gian và địa điểm theo bảng qui định.
Bảng đổi động từ
Direct speech Indirect speech
Simple present ( Hiện tại đơn)
Present progressive (H.tại tiếp diễn)
Present perfect (Progressive)
Simple past (Quá khứ đơn)
Will/Shall
Can/May
Simple past (Quá khứ đơn)
Past progressive
Past perfect(Progressive) (quá khứ hoàn thành)
Past perfect (quá khứ hoàn thành)
Would/ Should
Could/ Might
Bảng đổi các đại từ chỉ thị, phó từ chỉ địa điểm và thời gian
Today
Yesterday
The day before yesterday
Tomorrow
The day after tomorrow
Next + Time ( week, month, year….)
Last + Time ( week, month, year….)
Time + ago
This, these
Right now
Here, Overhere
That day
The day before
Two days before
The next/ the following day
In two days
The following + Time ( week, month, year….)
The previous + Time ( week, month, year….)
Time + before
That, those
At once
There, Overthere
Ví dụ : - He said : “ I have lost my pen this morning.”
 He said that he had lost his pen that morning.
- She said to him: “I will go with you tomorrow.”
 She told him that she would go with him the next day.
- He said : “ I’ll come here to take this book.”
 He said that he would come there to take that book.
- They said to us : “You must do this work right now.”
 They told us that we had to do that work at once.
Lưu ý : Trong câu tường thuật, cần chú ý câu hỏi làm tân ngữ cho động từ tường thuật:
V (tường thuật) +
wh- / how…
+ S + V
if / whether (câu hỏi Y/N)
Ví dụ : “What are you doing?” asked my father.
= My father asked me what I was doing.
“Have you seen that film?” John asked.
= John wanted to know if I had seen that film.
He asked them “How many children do you have?”
= He asked them how many children they had.

Exercise1: Choose the best option to complete the following sentences
1. Jack asked me _____.
A.where do you come from? B.where I came from
C.where I am from D.where did I come from?
2. She asked me _____ I liked pop music.
A.when B.what C.if D.x
3. The doctor ____ him to take more exercise.
A.told B.tell C. have told D. are telling
4. I wanted to know_____ return home.
A.when would she B. when will she C. when she will D. when she
would
5. Claire told me that her father____ a race horse.
A.owns B.owned C. owning D. A and B
6. What did that man say ______?
A. at you B. for you C. to you D. you
7. I rang my friend in Australia yesterday, and she said it _______ raining there.
A. is B. were C. has been D. was
8. The builders have ______ that everything will be ready on time.
A. promised B. promise C. promises D. promising
9. The doctor _______ him to take more exercise.
A. told B. tell C. have told D. are telling
10. The last time I saw Linda, she looked very relaxed. She explained she’d been on holiday the ______
week.
A. ago B. following C. next D. previous
11. Yesterday, Laura ______ him to put some shelves up.
A. asked B. is asking C. ask D. was asked
12. Tom has ______ this story wasn’t completely true.
A. admitting that B. was admitted that C. admitted that D. admit that
13. When I rang Tessa some time last week, she said she was busy ______ day.
A. that B. the C. then D. this
14. I wonder _____ the tickets are on sale yet.
A. what B. when C. where D. whether
15. Mathew _____ Emma that her train was about to leave.
A. has reminded B. has reminded that C. reminded D. reminded that
16. Hello, Jim. I didn’t expect to see you today. Sophie said you _____ ill.
A. are B. were C. was D. should be
17. Ann ______ and left.
A. said goodbye to me B. says goodbye to me C. tell me goodbye D. told me
goodbye
18. I told you ______ to switch off the computer, didn’t I ?
A. don’t B. not C. not to D. to not
19. Bill was slow, so I ________ hurry up.
A. tell him B. told him for C. told to D. told him to
20. Sarah was driving to fast, so I ______ to slow down.
A. asked her B. asked C. ask D.have asked her
21. Someone ______ me there’s been an accident on the motorway.
A. asked B. said C. spoke D. told
22. Sue was very pessimistic about the situation. I advised her _____.
A. no worry B. not worry C. no to worry D. not to worry
23. I couldn’t move the piano alone, so I asked Tom_______.
A. giving a hand B. gave a hand C. to give a hand D. give a hand
24. Tom said that New York _______ more lively than London.
A. is B. be C. was D. were

25. When he was at Oliver’s flat yesterday, Martin asked if he ______ use the phone.
A. can B. could C. may D. must
26. George couldn’t help me. He ______ me to ask Kate.
A. tell B. said C. told D. say
27. Judy ______ going for a walk, but no one else wanted to.
A.admitted B. offered C. promised D. suggested
28. I said that I had met her ______ .
A. yesterday B. the previous day C. the day D. the before
day.
29. The man asked the boys ______ .
A. why did they fight B. why they were fighting
C. why they fight D.why were they fighting
30. “______the door”, he said.
A. please open B. open pleased C. please to open D. please,
opening
Exercise 2: Rewrite the following sentences :
1. “Push as hard as you can” She said to me.
 She told me
_____________________________________________________________________
2. “Don’t wait for me if I am late” He said to her.
 He told her _____________________________________________________________________
3. “Where are you from, Nam?” said Mai.
 Mai asked_______________________________________________________________________
4. Mary said “ I cannot go to the cinema with you, John”.
 She ___________________________________________________________________________
5. Tom asked Mary “Did you phone me last night?”
 Tom wanted to know_____________________________________________________________
6. He asked me “Why didn’t you go to school yesterday?”.
 He asked me___________________________________________________________________
7. Why don’t you stop smoking?” the doctor said to him.
 The doctor advised him ____________________________________________________________
8. “How many students are there in your class?”
 The man asked me
________________________________________________________________
9. “Have you seen John recently?” said Ann.
 Ann asked me ___________________________________________________________________
10. The policeman said to her : “Show me your driving licence.”
 The policeman ordered ____________________________________________________________
11. He said : “Did you see Mary yesterday ?”
 He wanted to know _______________________________________________________________
12. He said : “Would you mind telling me the time ?”
 He told
_________________________________________________________________________
13. I said to my friend : “When did you buy your new car ?
 I asked
__________________________________________________________________________
14. My friend said to me : “We have known everything about that.”
 My friend told
____________________________________________________________________
15. Helen said : “What did you say, Jack ?”
 Helen asked Jack
__________________________________________________________________

16. 'You'd better look for a new job, Andrew.'
 Jane advised ______________________________________________________________________
17. 'It was nice of you to invite me to your birthday party. Thanks very much.
 Mike thanked
________________________________________________________________________
18. 'I must. have made a mistake in the calculations.'
 Mr Forest admitted
__________________________________________________________________
19. 'I'll pay for the meal.'
 Sarah insisted
_____________________________________________________________________
20.Perhaps we can go to Paris for the weekend.'
 Neil suggested
____________________________________________________________________
LESON 5. PASSIVE VOICE (THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG)
S + [aux] + Vm(động từ chính) + O
S + [aux] + Be + V-ed/Vpp + [by + O]
Ghi chú : - Động từ Be phải được chia cùng thì với câu chủ động hoặc cùng dạng với Vm.
- Trong câu bị động, bỏ [by + O] nếu O là me, you, us, them, him, her, it, someone,
somebody, people…
TENSES ACTIVE PASSIVE
1. The simple present ( Hiện tại đơn) S + V (-s /es) S + am/is /are + Vpp
2. The present. Continuous (H.tại tiếp
diễn)
S + am/ is/ are + V-ing S+ am/is / are/ + being + Vpp
3. The present perfect ( H.tại hoàn thành) S + have/ has + Vpp S + have/ has + been + Vpp
4. The simple past (Quá khứ đơn) S + V2/ V-ed S + was/ were + Vpp
5. The past continuous (Quá khứ tiếp
diễn)
S + was/ were + V- ing S + was/ were + being+ Vpp
6. The past perfect (quá khứ hoàn thành) S + had + Vpp S + had+ been + Vpp
7. The simple future ( tương lai đơn) S + will/ shall + bare-V S + will/ shall + be + Vpp
8 S + Model + V-bareInf S + Model + be + Vpp
Model: can, could, must, may, might, should, am going to……….
Ví dụ : They are painting the fence
= The pence is being painted by them
Tourists buy a lot of souvenirs today.
= A lot of souvenirs are bought by tourists today.
The manager should sign these contracts.
= These contracts should be signed by the manager.
*Môtt số cấu trúc bị động đặc biệt:
1. Causative form: ( Thể nhờ bảo): “Have” or “Get”.
a. Have
* Chủ động : S + have + O.1(person) + bare -V + O.2 ( thing)
* Bị động : S + have + O.2 (thing) + Vpp
Ex: I had him repair the roof yesterday.

---- I had the roof repaired yesterday.
b. Get
* Chủ động : S + get + O.1(person) + to- inf + O.2 ( thing)
* Bị động : S + get + O.2 (thing) + Vpp
Ex: I will get her to cut my hair
---- I will get my hair cut.
2. Verbs of Opinion: Say, think, believe, know, report, declare, report, announce....
:
* Chư động: S1 + V of opinion + (that) + clause (S2 + V + O)
* Chủ động : It + be + V of opinion ( Vpp) + (that) + clause.
Hoặc: S2 + be + V of opinion (Vpp) + to - inf
Ex: - They said that John was the brightest student in class.
---- It was said that John was the brightest student in class.
----- John was said to be the brightest student in class.
Nếu Verbs of Opinion ở thì hiện tại, mệnh đề được tường thuật ở quá khứ, ta dùng cấu trúc
sau:
* Chủ động: S1 + V of opinion + (that) + clause (S2+ V + O)
* Bị động : It + be + V of opinion ( Vpp) + (that) + clause.
or: S2 + be + V of opinion (Vpp) + to have Vpp
Ex: They know that Mary won the competition.
---- It is known that Mary won the competition
---- Mary is known to have won the competition.
3. S (thing) + need + to be V pp Ex: These trees need to be watered every day
or : S (thing) + need + V-ing These trees need watering every day
Exercise 1:Change into passive voice:
1. The teacher always welcomes new students.
→___________________________________________________________________________________
___
2. Thomas Edison invented the phonograph in 1877.
→___________________________________________________________________________________
___
3. The police found two children in the forest.
→___________________________________________________________________________________
___
4. They will send your order as soon as possible.
→___________________________________________________________________________________
___
5. The scientists are studying the problem carefully.
→___________________________________________________________________________________
___
6. Pat Murphy was riding the horse.
→___________________________________________________________________________________
___
7. The police have just arrested the robbers.
→___________________________________________________________________________________
___
8. They can use this room after 5p.m.
→___________________________________________________________________________________
___
9. They have to repair the engine of the car.

→
__________________________________________________________________________________
10.. People must repair that old building.
→___________________________________________________________________________________
___
11. People don’t learn a foreign language in a short time.
→___________________________________________________________________________________
___
12. Did Henry write that book years ago ?
→___________________________________________________________________________________
___
13. I wasn’t introduced to any of the guests.
→___________________________________________________________________________________
___
14. You should place matches out of reach of children.
→___________________________________________________________________________________
___
15. People say that inflation is getting out of control.
→___________________________________________________________________________________
___
Exercise 2: Choose the most correct answer:
1. The boy_____ by the teacher yesterday.
A. punish B. punished C. punishing D. was punished
2. “Ms Jones, please type those letters before noon”_ “They’ve already ______,sir. They’re on your
desk.”
A. typed B. been being typed C. being typed D. been typed
3. Today, many serious childhood diseases _____ by early immunization.
A. are preventing B. can prevent C. prevent D. can be prevented
4. They had a boy _______ that yesterday.
A. done B. to do C. did D. do
5. We get our mail ______ yesterday.
A. been delivered B. delivered C. delivering D. to deliver
6. My wedding ring ______ yellow and white gold.
A. is made B. is making C. made D. make
7. If your brother _______ , he would come.
A. invited B. were invited C. were inviting D. invite
8. Mr. Wilson is _______ as Willie to his friend.
A. known B. knew C. is known D. know
9. References _____ in the examination room.
A. not are used B. is not used C. didn’t used D. are not used
10. Laura ______ in Boston.
A. are born B. were born C. was born D. born
11. His car needs ________.
A. be fixed B. fixing C. to be fixing D. fixed
12. Her watch needs _______.
A. repairing B. to be repaired C. repaired D. A and B
13. My mother is going _____ this house.
A. sold B. sell C. to be sold D. to sell
14. There’s somebody behind us. I think we are _______.
A. being followed B. are followed C. follow D. following
15. Have you _____ by a dog?
A. bite B. bit C. ever been bitten D. ever been bit

16. The room is being _____ at the moment.
A. was cleaned B. cleaned C. cleaning D. clean
17. It _____ that the strike will end soon.
A. is expected B. expected C. are expected D. was expected
18. It is _____ that many people are homeless after the floods.
A. was reported B. reports C. reported D. reporting
19. He was said _____ this building.
A. designing B. to have designed C. to designs D. designed
20. Ted ______ by a bee while he was sitting in the garden.
A. got sting B. got stung C. get stung D. gets stung
LESON 6. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN)
1. Điều kiện loại 1 :
IF CLAUSE (Mệnh đề If) MAIN CLAUSE (Mệnh đề chính)
Simple Present
S + V[-e/es]
S + don’t / doesn’t + V(inf)
Simple Future
S + will + V(inf)
S + will not + V(inf)
Will + S + V(inf)…?
Unless = if…….not
Ví dụ: Study hard or you will fail the exam.
= Unless you study hard , you will fail the exam.
= If you don’t study hard , you will fail the exam.
Ghi chú :
- Sau mệnh đề If hoặc mệnh đề Unless phải có dấu phẩy (,)
- Sau Unless không được dùng dạng phủ định (Ví dụ : không được viết Unless you don’t write)
2. Điều kiện loại 2, loại 3 :
TYPE IF CLAUSE (Mệnh đề If) MAIN CLAUSE (Mệnh đề chính)
II
Simple Past
Be  were (was)
S + V-ed/2
S + didn’t + V(inf)
S + would / could + V(inf)
S + wouldn’t / couldn’t +V(inf)
Would / Could + S + V(inf)… ?
III
Past Perfect
S + had + V-ed/Vpp
S + hadn’t + V-ed/Vpp
S + would / could have + V-ed/3
S + wouldn’t / couldn’t have + V-ed/3
Would / Could + S + have + V-ed/3…?
Điều kiện loại 2 : diễn tả một sự việc không có thật ở hiện tại
Điều kiện loại 3 : diễn tả một sự việc không có thật ở quá khứ
Dạng bài tập : Biến đổi câu. Dựa vào tình huống (thường có 2 câu hoặc 2 mệnh đề) để xác định
+ 1 câu hoặc mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân
+ 1 câu hoặc mệnh đề chỉ kết quả
Because
Because of
+ nguyên nhân
So
+ kết quả
Therefore
As a result
That’s why
=> Áp dụng trong câu điều kiện : If + (nguyên nhân) , (kết quả)
Lưu ý : + Nếu tình huống được cho ở thì hiện tại đơn, ta áp dụng câu điều kiện loại 2
+ Nếu tình huống được cho ở thì quá khứ đơn, ta áp dụng câu điều kiện loại 3

+ Câu điều kiện loại 2, loại 3 là không có thật ở hiện tại nên cả hai mệnh đề trong câu
điều kiện phải ở dạng phủ định của câu hoặc mệnh đề ban đầu.
Ví dụ : He doesn’t hurry, so he misses the train (tình huống hiện tại  loại 2)
= If he hurried, he wouldn’t miss the train
They don’t go camping because the weather is bad. (tình huống hiện tại  loại 2)
= If the weather weren’t bad, they would go camping.
She stayed up late. That’s why she was ill. (tình huống quá khứ  loại 3)
= If she hadn’t stayed up late, she wouldn’t have been ill.
________________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 1: Cho d¹ng ®óng cña ®éng tõ trong ngoÆc:
1. I (be)_________ angry if it turns out that you are wrong.
2. If he (finish)__________ with the computer, I will put it away.
3. If you leave now, you (be) _________ home in 2 hours.
4. You (have to) ___________ finish writing it if you want to leave now.
5. If it (not rain)__________ we will have the party outside.
6. If I (live)__________ out of town, I would take up the garden.
7. I (not mind) ________________ living in Sapa if the weather were better.
8. If Mr. Hai (be) _____________ still a teacher, he wouldn’t permit such a bad behavior.
9. We would be fine if we (leave) _________________ in the next ten minutes.
10. I’m homeless. If I (have)_________ money now, I (buy) ______________ a big house.
11. If we had missed the train yesterday, we (be) ________________ late for the meeting.
12. It’s good that you reminded me about Ann’s birthday. I (forget) ____________if you hadn’t reminded
me.
13. The accident was your fault. If you had driven more carefully, it (not happen)________________.
14. The view was wonderful. If I (have)_____________ a camera, I would have taken some photographs.
15. If you had told me you needed money, I (lend)_____________ you some.
16. If it (be) _______ convenient, let’s meet at three o’clock.
17. If I had known that the baby was hungry, I (feed) ___________ him.
18. He (come) ___________ if you waited.
19. If she had had your address, she (write) ___________ to you.
20. We lost the match. If you (play) ______________ for us, we (win) __________.
21. He (not, have) _______________ an accident if he had not been driving so fast.
22. Had I known that she was sick, I (visit) ___________ her.
23. If today (be) ___________ Sunday, we wouldn’t have to work.
24. If I became very rich, I (build ) ___________ a hospital for the poor.
25. If you (ring) _______________ the bell, the servant would come.
Exercise 2: Chän ph¬ng ¸n tèt nhÊt ®Ó hoµn thµnh c¸c c©u sau
1. If I ______ the bus this afternoon, I will get a taxi instead.
A. miss B. will miss C. missed D. had missed
2. `We’ll have to go without John if he ______ soon.
A. won’t arrive B. will arrive C. arrives D. doesn’t arrive
3. If I make some coffee, _____ the cake?
A. do you cut B. will you cut C. are you cutting D. don’t you cut
4. If you ______ your homework, I _____ you watch TV.
A. won’t do/ let B. did/ won’t let C. don’t do/ won’t let D. won’t do/ don’t
let
5. If you _____ this switch, the computer _____ on.
A. press/ comes B. will press/ comes
C. press/ can come D. have pressed/ will comes
6. ____ you, I would think twice about that decision. It could be a bad move.
A. If I am B. should I be C. were I D. if I had been
7. “Would you like some cake?”- “no thanks. If I ________ cake, I ______ fat.”

A. ate/ will get B. ate/ would get
C. would eat/could get D. am eating/ will get
8. Pam broke her arm in the accident. It____ much worse if she hadn’t been wearing her seat belt.
A. will be B. would have been C. was D. were
9. “My boss made me work overtime again.”_ “if I _____ you, I _____ my job.”
A. were/ would have quit B. am/ will quit C. was/ must quit D. were/ would quit
10. “John went to the hospital alone.”- “Did he? If he_____ me with him.”
A. told/ would go B. told/ might have gone
C. had told/ could go D. had told/ would have gone
11. “My car broke down when I was leaving London ”. – “_____, we’d _____ you up.”
A. if we had known/ pick B. had we known/ have picked
C. if we’d known/ picked D. if we knew/ pick
12. “I don’t know whether to take that job or not”- “_____ you, I _____ it. ”
A. if I had been/ would have taken B. should I be/ will take
C. if I were/would have taken D. were I/ would take
13. “ You look tired ”- “well, if you ____ me up in the middle of the night, I _____ so tired.”
A. didn’t wake/ wouldn’t have been B. hadn’t woken/ wouldn’t be
C. hadn’t woken/ wouldn’t have been D. don’t wake/ won’t be
14. ____ resigned, we would have been forced to sack him.
A. Had he not B. Hadn’t he C. He had not D. He not had
15. If you _____ me about the bad service, we’d have eaten there.
A. didn’t tell B. wouldn’t have told C. hadn’t told D. had told
16. The teacher was absent today, so class was canceled. If she _____ absent again tomorrow, class____
tomorrow, too.
A. is/ will cancel B. is/ will be canceled
C. was/ would be canceled D. was/ would cancel
17. If you ______ to my advice in the first place, you______ in this mess right now.
A. listen/ won’t be B. had listened/ wouldn’t have been
C. will listened/ wouldn’t be D. had listened/ wouldn’t be
18. If he ____ me, I’ll be ready to help him.
A. ask B. will ask C. asks D. to ask
19. When winter comes, I ____ a new coat.
A. buying B. buy C. will buy D. buys
20. What would Tom do if he ____ the truth?
A. would know B. has know C. knows D. knew
Exercise 3:Chän mét lçi sai trong c¸c c©u sau:
1. (A)Unless there (B)had been a (C)heavy storm, the climber (D)will not have died.
2. What (A)would happen (B)if there (C)was (D)no water?
3. A)If forests (B)had not been destroyed, there (C)will have been (D)no floods
4. (A)They spent money (B)as if (C)they (D)were very rich.
5. (A)What (B)would you have do (D)if you (D)were in my position?
6. (A)If I (B)had knew the time (C)when the match started, I (D)would have told you.
7. If (A)had I known you (B)were (C)in financial difficulty, I (D)would have helped you.
8. (A)If she (B)had listened (C)to my direction she (D)will not turn down the wrong street.
9. My children (A)won’t go to bed (B)unless they (C)don’t have (D)some money.
10. If you (A)keep on (B)playing games (C)on the computer, I (D)would sell it.
11. (A)Unless it (B)rains, we (C)will stay (D)at home.
12. (A)If I (B)am (C)a director, I (D)would make more film about children.
13. We (A)will go (B)to see the film “Titanic” (C)if the weather (D)is fine or not.
14. (A)Had he planned (B)on going, he (C)will have let us (D)know.
15. If you hadn’t (A) left the car(B) unlocked, it (C) wouldn’t have(D) be stolen.

LESON 7. RELATIVE CLAUSE (MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ )
1. Chức năng của các đại từ quan hệ :
WHO : thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người (làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ)
WHOM : thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người (làm tân ngữ)
WHICH : thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật (làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ)
WHOSE : thay thế cho một hình thức sở hữu (sở hữu cách, tính từ sở hữu, of
…)
WHERE : thay thế cho một cụm giới từ chỉ nơi chốn = (giới từ) + WHICH
WHEN : thay thế cho một cụm giới từ chỉ thời gian = (giới từ) + WHICH
WHY : thay thế cho một cụm giới từ chỉ nguyên nhân, lí do ( for + reason)
2. Quy tắt :
(Danh từ chỉ người) + WHO
+ S
+ S + V…
(Danh từ chỉ người) + WHOM + S + V…
(Danh từ chỉ vật) + WHICH
+ S + V…
+ V…
(Danh từ) + WHOSE + noun
+ V…
+ S + V…
(Danh từ chỉ nơi chốn) + WHERE + S + V…
(Danh từ chỉ thời gian) + WHEN + S + V…
Ví dụ : - The man gave me the money. He met me at the airport.
 The man who met me at the airport gave me the money.
- This is the man. We saw him at the party yesreday.
 This is the man whom/ who we saw at the party yesterday.
- The pencil belongs to me. It is in your pocket.
 The pencil which is in your pocket belongs to me.
- The car is very expensive. He bought it.
 The car which he bought is very expensive.
- There is the man. His wallet was stolen.
 There is the man whose wallet was stolen.
- The tree should be cut down. The branches of the tree are dead.
 The tree whose branches are dead should be cut down.
- That is the village. I live in the village.
 That is the village where I live.
Lưu ý : Có 02 loại mệnh đề quan hệ:
* Defining clause (mệnh đề quan hệ xác định) : đối với loại mệnh đề này, ta có thể dùng
THAT thay thế cho WHO, WHOM hoặc WHICH
- The man who/ that met me at the airport gave me the money.
- The pencil which/ that is in your pocket belongs to me.
* Non-defining clause (mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định) : loại mệnh đề này thường đứng
sau một danh từ riêng và phải có dấu phẩy ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính, không được sử
dụng THAT để thay thế
- Shakespeare, who wrote “Romeo and Juliet”, died in 1616.
- Vietnam, which lies in Southeast Asia, is rich in coal.
Exercise 1: Chän ®¸p ¸n ®óng ®Ó hoµn thµnh c¸c c©u sau:
1) What’s the name of the man________?
A. you borrowed his car B. which car you borrowed
C. whose car you borrowed D. his car you borrowed

2) Colin told me about his job,_______ very much.
A. that he’s enjoying B. which he’s enjoying C. he’s enjoying D. he’s enjoying
it
3) Sheila couldn’t come to the party, _______ was a pity.
A. that B. it C. what D. which
4) Some of the people ______ to the party can’t come.
A. inviting B. invited C. who invited D. they were
invited
5) Do you know the woman ______ lives next door?
A. she B. who C. whom D. her
6) They are never on time, can’t be explained
A. who B. that C. what D. which
7) A pensioner is someone _____ no longer works and gets money from the state.
A. whom B. whose C. which D. that
8) The man _____ answered the telephone told me you were away.
A. whom B. he C. who D. what
9) Some people ______ were arrested, have now been released.
A. that B. which C. whom D. X
10) They give their children everything _____ they want.
A. what B. x C. who D. how
11) Tell me _____ you want and I’ll try to get it for you.
A. that B. how C. what D. A and C
12) The women ______ he fell in love left him after a few weeks.
A. with whom B. who C. to whom D. for whom
13) Do you still remember the day ______ we first met?
A. where B. whom C. which D. when
14) I don’t know the name of the woman _______ I spoke on the phone.
A. whom B. who C. to whom D. to that
15) This school is often for children _____ first language is not English.
A. who B. that C. whose D. X
16) Fortunately we had a map, _____we would have got lost.
A. no which B. without which C. none that D. without that
17) They asked me a lot of questions, _____ I couldn’t answer.
A. all of whom B. that C. all of which D. who
18) The secretary was the only people _____ by the traffic chaos.
A. delay B. delayed C. who delayed D. whom
delayed
19) An obstacle is something, ______ your way.
A. blocked B. to block C. that is blocked D. which is
blocking
20) _____ I really need is a long holiday.
A. That B. What C. Which D. Who
Exercise 2 : Write who, that, which, where, when, or why or nothing to complete these sentences :
1/ Have you got the money ___________ I lent you yesterday ?
2/ Peter, ___________ I had seen earlier, wasn’t at the party.
3/ This is the machine ___________ cost half a million pounds.
4/ Mary, ___________ had been listening to the conversation, looked angry.
5/ Have you read the book ___________ I gave you ?
6/ The house, ___________ they bought three months ago, looks lovely.
7/ Mrs.Jackson, ___________ had been very ill, died yesterday.
8/ Is this the person ___________ stole your handbag ?
9/ The dog, ___________ had been very quiet, suddenly started barking.
10/ I didn’t receive the letters ___________ she sent me.

11/ My mother, ___________ hadn’t been expecting visitors, looked surprised.
12/ The old man, ___________ had been talking to them earlier, knew that they were in the
building.
13/ The horse, ___________ had been injured by the flying stones, was very frightened.
14/ We didn’t like the secetary ___________ the agency sent.
15/ I didn’t find the money ___________ you said you’d left.
16/ We visited the school ___________ my father taught.
17/ I met her last month, ___________ she came to our house.
18/ We all looked at the place ___________ the fire had started.
19/ Did they tell you the reason ___________ they were late?
20/ The cat sat on the wall ___________ it had a good view of the birds.
Exercise 3: Chän mét lçi sai trong c¸c c©u sau:
1. On the way home, we saw a lot of men, women, and dogs which were playing in the park.
A B C D
2. The man whom remained in the office was the manager.
A B C D
3. This novel, which written by a well known writer, should be read.
A B C D
4. My friend George, that arrived late, was not permitted to enter the class.
A B C D
5. This is the only place which we can obtain scientific information.
A B C D
6. Chemistry is one branch of science on that most of the industries depend.
A B C D
7. 1975 is the year in when the revolution took place.
A B C D
8. Mr. Brown, that teaches me English, is coming today.
A B C D
9. The hotel where we stay in last year was excellent.
A B C D
10. At last they found the woman and her cat which were badly injured by the fire.
A B C D
LESON 8: PREPOSITIONS- ARTICLES
I. Prepositions
- Giíi tõ lµ tõ dïng ®Ó chØ mèi quan hÖ gi÷a danh tõ hoÆc ®¹i tõ víi mét tõ kh¸c trong c©u.
- Giíi tõ lu«n ®i tríc mét danh tõ hoÆc ®¹i tõ vµ c¸c danh tõ hoÆc ®¹i tõ ®ã gäi lµ t©n ng÷ cña
giíi tõ.
- §¹i tõ n»m sau giíi tõ lu«n ph¶i ë h×nh thøc t©n ng÷: him, her......
- §éng tõ ®øng sau giíi tõ lu«n ë h×nh thøc Danh ®éng tõ( Ving)
A. Prepositions used for Time and for Places.
1. AT:
a. For time:
- at 4 o’clock, at 5 pm - at last/ first

- at night/ noon/ midnight - at the moment
- at Christmas, at Easter - at present
- at once
- at the age of
- at sunset/ sunrise
- at weekends
- at the same time
b. For places:
- at home/ school/ work - at the theatre - at the seaside
- at the corner of the street - at the grocer’
s, at the doctor’s - at the shop
- at the top - at the bottom - at the foot of the page
- at the biginning of/ at the end of: vµo lóc ®Çu/ cuèi
- ( To arrive) at the airport/ rainway station.
2. IN:
a. For time:
- In ®îc dïng tríc n¨m, th¸ng, mïa, buæi ( trõ at night, at noon).
eg. in 1990, in August, in Spring, in the morning.
- In time: ®óng giê.
b. For places:
- In: ë trong in the living room/ in the box.
- In ®îc dïng tríc c¸c thµnh phè, ®Êt níc, miÒn, ph¬ng híng: in London, in Hanoi, in France, in
the east ..........
- in the street/ sky - in my opinion - in good/ bad weather
- in the newspaper - in the middle of - in English/ German
- in the rain/ sun - in the dark - in + time( in 2 days)
- in the water/ river/ sea - in a line/ queue - in a picture/ mirror/ photo
- in bed/ hospital/ prison - in the end:( cuèi cïng) - in love with
3. ON.
a. For time:
- On ®îc dïng tríc thø ( ngµy trong tuÇn) eg. on Sunday
- On ®îc dïng tríc ngµy th¸ng eg. on August 12th
- On time : ®óng giê( chÝnh x¸c)
- On Christmas day
- On holiday/ on a trip/ on a tour
- On the occasion of: nh©n dÞp
b. For places:
- On : ë trªn eg. on the table - on the phone
- On horseback: trªn lng ngùa - on a diet
- On foot : b»ng ch©n( ®i bé) - on fire
- On TV / on radio - on the left/ right
- On the beach - on the 1st
floor
4. BY.
- By ®îc dïng trong c©u bÞ ®éng nghÜa lµ ‘bëi’.
- By ®îc dïng ®Ó chØ ph¬ng tiÖn ®i l¹i( by bike, by car.....)

- By the time : tríc khi
- By chance : t×nh cê
- Learn by heart: häc thuéc lßng
5. TO:
- TO thêng ®îc dïng sau ®éng tõ GO( go to the cinema..... nhng GO HOME).
- TO thêng ®îc dïng ®Ó chØ sù di chuyÓn : My father takes me to the cinema.
Marry invited me to her birthday party.
6. INTO:
- INTO cã nghÜa lµ vµo trong, ®îc dïng sau c¸c ®éng tõ : GO, PUT, GET, FALL( r¬i ng·),
JUMP( nh¶y),
COME ......
eg. go into the room, get into the train, put the pen into the bag, fall into the river, jump into
the river and swim, come into the house.....
- INTO cßn ®îc dïng ®Ó chØ sù thay ®æi cña ®iÒu kiÖn hoÆc kÕt qu¶:
The rain changed into snow.
7. OUT OF: ra khái.
eg. He came out of the house. / He is looking out of the window.
8. WITH:
- With: cã nghÜa lµ cã, mang, cïng: eg. A girl with blue eyes./ a coat with two pockets.
- With ®îc dïng ®Ó chØ mét c«ng cô, ph¬ng tiÖn.
He’s writing with a pen
- With ®îc dïng ®Ó chØ sù liªn hÖ hoÆc ®ång hµnh, cã nghÜa ‘ cïng víi’
I’m living with my parents.
- With cßn cã nghÜa lµ ‘ víi’ Do you agree with me?
9. UNDER:
- Under: cã nghÜa lµ ë díi, ®Ó chØ vÞ trÝ phÝa díi mét vËt.
eg. The cat is under the table.
- Under cßn cã nghÜa lµ Ýt h¬n, thÊp h¬n.
- Children under fourteen years of age shouldn’t see such a film.
II. Articles MẠO TỪ
A, An, The: Mạo tõ a (an) vµ the
1- a vΜ an
an - ®îc dïng:
- Tríc 1 danh tõ sè Ýt ®Õm ®îc b¾t ®Çu b»ng 4 nguyªn ©m (vowel) a, e, i, o
- Hai b¸n nguyªn ©m u, y
- C¸c danh tõ b¾t ®Çu b»ng h c©m.

vÝ dô: u : an uncle.
h : an hour
- HoÆc tríc çc danh tõ viÕt t¾t ®îc ®äc nh 1 nguyªn ©m.
VÝ dô: an L- plate, an SOS, an MP
a : ®îc dïng:
- tríc 1 danh tõ b¾t ®Çu b»ng phô ©m (consonant).
- dïng tríc mét danh tõ b¾t ®Çu b»ng uni : a university, a uniform, a universal, a union.
- tríc 1 danh tõ sè Ýt ®Õm ®îc, tríc 1 danh tõ kh«ng x¸c ®Þnh cô thÓ vÒ mÆt ®Æc
®iÓm, tÝnh chÊt, vÞ trÝ
hoÆc ®îc nh¾c ®Õn lÇn ®Çu trong c©u.
- ®îc dïng trong çc thµnh ng÷ chØ sè lîng nhÊt ®Þnh.
VÝ dô : a lot of, a couple, a dozen, a great many, a great deal of.
- dïng tríc nh÷ng sè ®Õm nhÊt ®Þnh, ®Æc biÖt lµ chØ hµng tr¨m, hµng ngµn.
VÝ dô: a hundred, a thousand.
- tríc half khi nã theo sau 1 ®¬n vÞ nguyªn vÑn.
VÝ dô: a kilo and a half vµ còng cã thÓ ®äc lµ one and a half kilos.
Chó ý: 1/2 kg = half a kilo ( kh«ng cã a tríc half).
- dïng tríc half khi nã ®i víi 1 danh tõ kh¸c t¹o thµnh tõ ghÐp.
VÝ dô : a half-holiday nöa kú nghØ, a half-share : nöa cæ phÇn.
- dïng tríc çc tû sè nh 1/3, 1 /4, 1/5, = a third, a quarter, a fifth hay one third, one fourth,
one fifth .
- Dïng trong çc thµnh ng÷ chØ gi¸ c¶, tèc ®é, tû lÖ.
VÝ dô: five dolars a kilo; four times a day.
- Dïng trong çc thµnh ng÷ tríc çc danh tõ sè Ýt ®Õm ®îc, dïng trong c©u c¶m th¸n.
VÝ dô: Such a long queue! What a pretty girl!
Nhng: such long queues! What pretty girls.
- a cã thÓ ®îc ®Æt tríc Mr/Mrs/Miss + tªn hä (surname):
VÝ dô: a Mr Smith, a Mrs Smith, a Miss Smith.
a Mr Smith nghÜa lµ ‘ ngêi ®µn «ng ®îc gäi lµ Smith’ vµ ngô ý lµ «ng ta lµ ngêi l¹ ®èi víi
ngêi nãi. Cßn
nÕu kh«ng cã a tøc lµ ngêi nãi biÕt «ng Smith.
2- The

- §îc sö dông khi danh tõ ®îc x¸c ®Þnh cô thÓ vÒ tÝnh chÊt, ®Æc ®iÓm, vÞ trÝ hoÆc ®îc
nh¾c ®Õn lÇn thø 2 trong c©u.
- The + noun + preposition + noun.
VÝ dô : the girl in blue; the man with a banner; the gulf of Mexico; the United
States of America.
- The + danh tõ + ®¹i tõ quan hÖ + mÖnh ®Ò phô
VÝ dô: the boy whom I met; the place where I met him.
- Tríc 1 danh tõ ngô ý chØ mét vËt riªng biÖt.
VÝ dô: She is in the garden.
- The + tÝnh tõ so s¸nh bËc nhÊt hoÆc sè tõ thø tù hoÆc only way.
VÝ dô : The first week; the only way.
- The + dt sè Ýt tîng trng cho mét nhãm thó vËt hoÆc ®å vËt th× cã thÓ bá the vµ ®æi danh tõ
sang sè nhiÒu.
VÝ dô: The whale = Whales, the shark = sharks, the deep-freeze = deep -
freezes.
Nhng ®èi víi danh tõ man (chØ loµi ngêi) th× kh«ng cã qu¸n tõ (a, the) ®øng tríc.
VÝ dô: if oil supplies run out, man may have to fall back on the horse.
- The + danh tõ sè Ýt chØ thµnh viªn cña mét nhãm ngêi nhÊt ®Þnh.
VÝ dô: the small shopkeeper is finding life increasingly difficult.
- The + adj ®¹i diÖn cho 1 líp ngêi, nã kh«ng cã h×nh th¸i sè nhiÒu nhng ®îc coi lµ 1 danh tõ sè
nhiÒu vµ ®éng tõ
sau nã ph¶i ®îc chia ë ng«i thø 3 sè nhiÒu.
VÝ dô: the old = ngêi giµ nãi chung; The disabled = nh÷ng ngêi tµn tËt;
The unemployed = nh÷ng ngêi thÊt nghiÖp.
- Dïng tríc tªn c¸c khu vùc, vïng ®· næi tiÕng vÒ mÆt ®Þa lý hoÆc lÞch sö.
VÝ dô: The Shahara. The Netherlands. The Atlantic.
- The + East / West/ South/ North + noun.
VÝ dô: the East/ West end.
The North / South Pole.
Nhng kh«ng ®îc dïng the tríc c¸c tõ chØ ph¬ng híng nµy, nÕu nã ®i kÌm víi tªn cña mét khu
vùc ®Þa lý.

VÝ dô: South Africal, North Americal, West Germany.
- The + tªn çc ®å hîp xíng, çc dµn nh¹c cæ ®iÓn, çc ban nh¹c phæ th«ng.
VÝ dô: the Bach choir, the Philadenphia Orchestra, the Beatles.
- The + tªn çc tê b¸o lín/ çc con tÇu biÓn/ khinh khÝ cÇu.
VÝ dô: The Titanic, the Time, the Great Britain.
- The + tªn hä ë sè nhiÒu cã nghÜa lµ gia ®×nh hä nhµ ...
VÝ dô: the Smiths = Mr and Mrs Smith (and their children) hay cßn gäi lµ gia
®×nh nhµ Smith.
- The + Tªn ë sè Ýt + côm tõ/ mÖnh ®Ò cã thÓ ®îc sö dông ®Ó ph©n biÖt ngêi nµy víi ngêi kh¸c
cïng tªn.
VÝ dô: We have two Mr Smiths. Which do you want? I want the Mr Smith who
signed this letter.
A. Prepositions
Exercise 1: Choose the best option to complete the following sentences
1. When studying abroad, Mary was very happy to get a phone call _____ her parents.
A. to B. for C. of D. from
2. Why don’t we stay ______ home _______ a change?
A. from/ as B. at / with C. at / for D. at/ on
3. A horse is always mounted ______ the left side.
A. on B. to C. from D. at
4. What would you like to have _____ lunch?
A. at B. in C. for D. of
5. Surgeons use lasers _______ miraculously accurate scalpels.
A. for B. as C. of D. with
6. The Medical Center is close______ the school.
A. to B. at C. next D. from
7. Once scientists fully understand the cause ____ a disease, it becomes easier for them to find a cure
___ it.
A. of / of B. of / from C. from / in D. of / for
8. There is a shop _____ front _____ my house.
A. at / in B. out / next C. in / of D. of / in
9. He jumped ______ until the stinging return to his feet.
A. on and off B. out and in C. down and up D. up and down
10. The only way ______ cross the river is ______ swim.
A. to / to B. of / by C. on / to D. in / by
11. The summer is over. Pupils and students have to go ______ to school on Monday.
A. back B. on C. through D. into
12. He threw stones _____ his attackers, trying to drive them _____.
A. to / out B. for / up C. at / away D. at / up
13. The medical center is close ______ the campus.
A. to B. up C. for D. with
14. I haven’t gone there _____ ages.
A. with B. in C. for D. of
15. Most college football games are played ______ Saturdays.

A. at B. in C. with D. on
16. Leaves turn color _______ the autumn.
A. for B. on C. at D. in
17. _____ the whole, I enjoy the movie.
A. On B. In C. At D. Up
18. She’ll come home ______ April.
A. on B. in C. at D. for
19. The art museum is located next _____ the museum of natural history on State Street.
A. to B. for C. on D. with
20. Minh was born_____ Ho Chi Minh city.
A. on B.at C.in D. up
B. Articles
Exercise 1: Put a/ an/ the in each space, or leave the space blank:
1.We went by _____ train to _____ west of England.
2.______ who live in ______ Netherlands are called Dutch.
3.______ judge sent me to _____ prison for ______ ten years.
4.______ Columbus was one of _____ people to cross _____ Atlantic.
5.As ______ captain of ______ ship, I have _______ complete authority.
6.David learned to play _____ violin when he was at _______ university.
7.______ Trafalgar Square is near ______ Charing Cross Station.
8.Did you read _____ book I lent you _____ last week?
9.We’ll put up ______ shelves and then go to ______ café for something to eat.
10.Is that ______ present Bill gave you for ______ Christmas.
Exercise 2: Choose the best option to complete the following sentences
1. My mother goes to church in ______ morning.
A. x B. every C. the D. a
2. I eat ______orange everyday.
A. an B. orange C. the orange s D. any orange
3. Harry is a sailor. He spends most of his life at _____ sea.
A. a B. an C. the D. X
4. There are billions of stars in _____ space.
A. a B. an C. X D. the
5. He tried to park his car but _____ space wasn’t big enough.
A. the B. a C. an D. X
6. Can you turn off _____ television, please?
A. the B. a C. an D. X
7. We had _____ dinner in a restaurant.
A. a B. an C. x D. the
8. We had _____ meal in a restaurant.
9. Thank you. That was ______ very nice lunch.
10. ______rose is my favourite color.
LESON 9: Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs.

I. Adjectives and Adverbs.
1. Adjectives:
* Positions: - Adj. + N . beautiful hat.
- be/ seem/ appear/ feel/ taste/ look/ keep.... + Adj. He seems tired now.
- be/ seem/ look/ taste...+ too + Adj. He is too young to drive a motorbike.
- be + Adj + enough . She is tall enough to play volleyball.
- be/ seem/ look/ taste/ smell/ ... + so + Adj. + that.
The story is so interesting that I can’t put it down.
- How + Adj. + S + V. How beautiful the girl is.
Notes: TrËt tù tõ cña tÝnh tõ:
- TÝnh tõ chØ c¶m nghÜ ®øng tríc tÝnh tõ miªu t¶: an interesting young man.
- §«i khi chóng ta dïng hai hay nhiÒu tÝnh tõ miªu t¶ trong mét c©u, th× trËt tù cña chóng ®îc
s¾p xÕp nh sau:
Sè lîng + ChÊt lîng + KÝch thíc + Tuæi t¸c + Mµu s¾c + XuÊt xø( quèc gia)+ ChÊt liÖu +
NOUN.
eg. a beautiful old French picture.
- TÝnh tõ chØ kÝch thíc vµ chiÒu dµi( big, tall, long...) thêng ®i tríc tÝnh tõ chØ h×nh d¸ng vµ
chiÒu réng( round, fat, wide...). eg. a long narrow street.
- Khi cã hai hoÆc h¬n hai tÝnh tõ chØ mµu s¾c,ta dïng liªn tõ ‘and’.
eg.a red, white and green flag.
2. Adverbs: lµ nh÷ng tõ dïng ®Ó diÔn t¶ tÝnh c¸ch, ®Æc tÝnh, møc ®é, tr¹ng th¸i... vµ ®îc dïng
®Ó bæ nghÜa
cho ®éng tõ, tÝnh tõ, tr¹ng tõ kh¸c hoÆc cho c¶ c©u.
* Positions: - V(trî ®éng tõ) + Adv. + V (thêng). I have recently finished my homework.
- be/ feel/ look/ ....+ Adv + Adj. I feel completely interested in this book.
- V (thêng) + too + Adv. He studied too lazily to pass his exam.
- V (thêng) + so + Adv. + that. Jack drove so fast that he caused an accident.
- S + V ( + O) + Adv. He drives carefully.
- V (thêng) + Adv. + enough. He worked hard enough to succeed.
- Adv. còng cã thÓ ®øng mét m×nh ë ®Çu c©u( hoÆc gi÷a c©u gi÷a hai dÊu “,”)
Suddenly, he heard a strange voice.
II. Degrees of comparison of Adj. and Adv.
1. Equal dgree: S + V + as + Adj/ Adv + as + N/ Pronoun.
eg. He is as tall as his father. / Mai is as beautiful as her mother.
- Cã thÓ thay ‘as’ b»ng ‘so’ trong c©u phñ ®Þnh. S + Be not + as/so +Adj + as N/ Pronoun.
S + do/ does not +as/so + Adv+............

eg. Your pen is not so expensive as mine.
- Cã thÓ diÔn ®¹t ý b»ng nhau, nh nhau:
S + V + the same + (noun) + as +noun(pronoun).
eg. My house is as high as his = My house is the same height as his.
Marry is as old as Tony = Marry and Tony are the same age.
2. Comparative degree:
a. Short Adjectives/ Adverbs: S + V + short Adj/Adv + er + than + Noun/ Pronoun.
eg. Today is hotter than yesterday./ He runs faster than I do.
-TÝnh tõ 1 ©m tiÕt tËn cïng lµ phô ©m ®¬n ( trõ w, x, z) ®øng tríc mét nguyªn ©m ®¬n th× gÊp
®«i phô ©m
cuèi + er. big-bigger
- TÝnh tõ 2 ©m tiÕt cã tËn cïng lµ : y, le, er, ow, et + er. quieter, cleverer, narrower....
- TÝnh tõ 2 ©m tiÕt nhng kÕt thóc b»ng mét phô ©m +y, ®æi ‘y’ thµnh ‘i’ + er. happier.
- So s¸nh h¬n cã thÓ ®îc nhÊn m¹nh b»ng çch céng thªm ‘much’ hoÆc ‘far’.
S + V + far/ much + sh.Adj/ Adv + er + than + noun/ pronoun.
eg. Today is much hotter than yesterday.
b. Long Adjectives/ Adverbs: S + V + more long Adj/ Adv + than + Noun/Pronoun.
eg. This chair is more comfortable than the other.
He speaks English more fluently than I do.
-NhÊn m¹nh : S + V + far/ much + more + long Adj/ Adv + than + noun/ pronoun.
eg. Hoa’s watch is much/ far more expensive than mine.
He reads much more rapidly than his brother.
-So s¸nh kÐm h¬n: S + V + less Adj/ Adv than noun/ pronoun.
eg. My TV is less beautiful than yours.
He drives less carefully than I think.
3.Superlative degree:
S + V + the + sh.Adj/Adv + est + in( danh tõ ®Õm ®îc sè Ýt)
+ the most + long Adj/ Adv + of( danh tõ ®Õm ®îc sè nhiÒu)
+ least + Adj/ Adv
eg. He is the tallest in my class.
Nga is the most inteligent of all the students.
Those shoes are the least expensive of all.
Note: - good/ well better the best
- bad/ badly worse the worst
- many/ much more the most
- little less the least
- far farther the farthest(vÒ kho¶ng çch)
further the furthest( vÒ thêi gian)
- near nearer the nearest(vÒ kho¶ng çch)
the next( vÒ thø tù)
- late later the latest( vÒ thêi gian)

the last( vÒ thø tù)
- old older the oldest( vÒ tuæi t¸c)
elder the eldest( vÒ cÊp bËc h¬n lµ tuæi t¸c)
4. So s¸nh kÐp( double comparatives):
a. Cµng ngµy ....... cµng, mçi lóc mét...... h¬n.
* Víi tÝnh tõ ng¾n: Adj + ER and Adj + er. The weather gets warmer and warmer
* Víi tÝnh tõ dµi: more and more + Adj. She becomes more and more beautiful.
b. Cµng ngµy cµng Ýt...., cµng ngµy cµng kÐm....: less and less + Adj.
eg. He is less and less hard-working.
c. Cµng .... th× cµng.......
* Víi tÝnh tõ ng¾n: The adj. + er......., the adj. + er.
eg. The darker it gets, the colder it is.
* Víi tÝnh tõ dµi: The more adj......., the more adj.........
eg. The more beautiful she is, the more miserable her husband is.
* Víi ®éng tõ: the more...., the more...... The more you learn, the more you forget.
Note: NhiÒu khi hai vÕ kh«ng cïng mét lo¹i tÝnh tõ dµi hay ng¾n nhng cã thÓ sö dông lÉn lén
víi nhau.( hoÆc vÕ tríc tÝnh tõ, vÕ sau ®éng tõ hoÆc ngîc l¹i...)
eg. The more she smiles, the more graceful she is.
d. Cµng Ýt........, th× cµng Ýt........ Cµng kÐm....., ....th× cµng kÐm......
* Víi tÝnh tõ: The less + adj........, the less + adj. .......
eg. The less difficult the lessons are, the less hard-working the students.
* Víi ®éng tõ : the less....., the less.....
The less I live with him, the less I like him.
5. Nh÷ng c¸ch nãi kh¸c cã tÝnh c¸ch so s¸nh.
a. Other .... than........: kh¸c. I want to read other novels than these.
b. Rather than: h¬n lµ. We want to be poor rather than rich.
c. Had better: nªn You’d better stay at home than go fishing.
d. Had rather hoÆc Would rather: thÝch.. ..h¬n .We’d rather watch a film than read a book.
6. Danh tõ còng cã thÓ ®îc dïng trong so s¸nh:
S + V + as + many/ much/ little/ few + noun +as + noun/ pronoun.
hoÆc S + V + more/ fewer/ less + noun + than + noun/ pronoun.
eg. He earns as much money as his brother.
I have more books than she does.
Exercise 1:Choose the best option to complete the following sentences:
1. No one else in the class plays the guitar ______ John.
A. as well B. as far as C. so well as D. as soon as

2. The town was nearer _____ we thought it would be.
A. then B. that C. as D. than
3. The economic conditions today are _______ they were in the past.
A. much more good B. much better than C. much better D. the best than
4. Peter is ______ student in my class.
A. taller than B. so tall as C. the tallest D. tallest
5. The deep oceans contain some of the ______ of all living creatures.
A. strangest B. strange C. as strange as D. stranger
6. Jane is not _____ her brother.
A. more intelligent as B. intelligent as C. so intelligent as D. so intelligent
that
7. He drives as ______ his father does.
A. careful as B. more carefully C. the most careful D. carefully as
8. What’s the ______ film you’ve ever seen.
A. good B. best C. better D. the best
9. I’ll be there _______ I can.
A. sooner as B. no sooner as C. as soon as D. soonest as
10. Mr. Lam cannot earn _______ his wife.
A. as many money as B. as much money as C. as many money than D. as much money
than
11. I like English ______ French.
A. than B. more C. less D. better than
12. My car is _______ yours.
A. more fast and economical than B. more fast and more economical than
C. faster and economical as D. faster and more economical than
13. Of the two sisters, Linda _______ .
A. is beautiful B. the most beautiful C. is more beautiful D. is so beautiful
as
14. The lab is _____ from the bus stop than the library.
A. far B. farther C. furthur D. B and C
15. The ______ accident in the history of the city occurred last night on the Freeway.
A. badest B.most bad C. worse D. worst
16. He finished the test _______ of all.
A. rapidly B. the most rapidly C. most rapidly D. more rapidly
17. Many chemicals react ______ in acid solutions.
A. more quick B. more quickly C. quicklier D. as quickly
more
18. It’s becoming ______ to find a job.
A. more difficult and more B. more and more difficult
C. most and more difficult D. more difficult than
19. ______ electricity you use, _______ your bill will be.
A. the more / the higher B. the most / the higher C. the more / the high D. more / higher
20. The more I got to know Tom, _______ I liked him.
A. least B. the less C. the least D. the fewer
Exercise 2: Chän mét lçi sai trong nh÷ng c©u sau:
1. “Tomorrow Never Die” is one of the more exciting films.
A B C D
2. Most babies will grow up to be as cleverer as their parents.
A B C D
3. New York is the larger of all American cities.
A B C D
4. The new models are not only less expensive but also the more efficient.
A B C D

5. The more they advertise, the least expensive things are.
A B C D
6. The problem is the more serious because there has been no relevant solution up to now.
A B C D
7. The more he earns, the most happy he is.
A B C D
8. Nam plays the piano better than I am.
A B C D
9. Mary looks more prettier than she used to be.
A B C D
10. Jim has failed the examination. He is the baddest in our class.
A B C D
LESON 10: Phrasal verbs
MÖnh ®Ò ®éng tõ , lµ nh÷ng ®éng tõ ®i kÌm víi mét hoÆc hai tõ( mét tr¹ng tõ hoÆc mét giíi
tõ). Víi mçi tr¹ng tõ ®i kÌm th× mÖnh ®Ò ®éng tõ sÏ mang mét ý nghÜa kh¸c nhau.
Vd: -Look! There is a cat!
-My mother looks after carefull.
Cã bèn lo¹i côm ®éng tõ kh¸c nhau:
1. Lo¹i 1:
§éng tõ ®i víi mét t©n ng÷ trùc tiÕp- ®©y lµ ngo¹i ®éng tõ . NÕu t©n ng÷ trùc tiÕp lµ mét danh
tõ, nã cã thÓ
®øng tríc hoÆc ®øng sau tr¹ng tõ. Tuy nhiªn, nÕu t©n ng÷ trùc tiÕp lµ mét ®¹i tõ th× nã ph¶i
®øng tríc ®¹i tõ. C«ng thøc:
V + Adverb +O
Vd:look up, bring (sb) up, let(sb) down, make up, put off, put on, take off, take away, try on, turn
down, work out, turn on, turn off......
2. Lo¹i 2: §éng tõ ®i víi mét giíi tõ vµ mét bæ ng÷ trùc tiÕp- ®©y lµ ngo¹i ®éng tõ. §èi víi nh÷ng
côm ®éng
tõ nµy kh«ng ®îc t¸ch rêi hai phÇn cña côm ®éng tõ. C«ng thøc:
V +preposition +O
V d. She looks after h er children properly
3. Lo¹i 3: ®éng tõ kh«ng ®i víi bæ ng÷ trùc tiÕp- ®©y lµ néi ®éng tõ. Ta kh«ng ®îc t¸ch rêi hai
phÇn cña côm ®éng tõ. C«ng thøc:
V + Adverb
Vd: break down , break up, get away, get by, go down, hold on, pass away, pass out, set off/
set out, stand out, take off....

4. LoaÞ 4: ®éng tõ bao gåm c¶ tr¹ng tõ vµ giíi tõ. Chóng lu«n cÇn mét bæ ng÷ trùc tiÕp. Ta
kh«ng ®îc t¸ch
rêi c¸c phÇn cña côm ®éng tõ nµy. . C«ng thøc:
V + Adverb + preposition +O
Vd:catch up with, come up against, come up with, face up to, fall in with, get along/on with, get
out of, look up to, make up for, put up with, run out of, stand up for, stand up to...
Some common Phrasal verbs
Verb Preposition Synonym ( Ngh ĩa)
call back return a telephone call Gọi lại ( điện thoại)
call off cancel Hủy bỏ
call on ask to speak in class Gọi phát biểu ý kiến
call up make a telephone call Gọi điện thoại
do over do again Làm lại
figure out find the solution to a problem Tìm giải pháp
fill in complete a sentence by writing in a blank Điền vào
fill up fill completely with gas, water, coffee, etc. Đổ đầy, làm đầy
find out discover information Tìm ra, phát hiện ra
get in enter a car, a taxi Lên xe, tax i...
get off leave a bus, an airplane, a train, a subway, a bicycle Xuống xe buýt, máy bay ...
get on enter a bus, an airplane, a train, a subway, a bicycle Lên xe
get over recover from an illness Bình phục, khỏi ốm
give back return something to someone Trả lại
give up quit doing something or quit trying Từ bỏ, bỏ
go off explode Phát nổ
hand in give homework, tests, papers, etc., to a teacher Nộp bài kiểm tra, bài thi...
hand out give something to this person, then that person, then another person,. Phân phát
hang up
1. hang on a hanger or a hook; Treo
2. end a telephone call Kết thúc cuộc gọi đt
keep on continue Tiếp tục
leave out omit Bỏ sót, bỏ qua
look up look for information in a reference book Tra cứu( từ,kiến thức...)
make up invent Phát minh ...
pay back return money to someone Trả lai tiền cho ai
pick up Lift Đón
put off Postpone Hoãn lại
put on put clothes on one's body Mặc quần áo
put out extinguish (stop) a fire, a cigarette, a cigar Dập tắt ( Lửa, thuốc lá ..)

run into meet by chance Tình cờ gặp
shut off stop a machine or light, turn off Đóng ,tắt
start over start again Khởi động lại
take off remove clothes from one's body Tháo, cởi quần áo...
tear up tear into small pieces Xé ra từng mảnh nhỏ
throw away/out put in the trash Vứt bỏ
try on put on clothing to see if it fits Thử ( quần áo )
turn down decrease the volume Vặn nhỏ âm thanh
turn off stop a machine or a light, shut off Tắt ( đèn, máy móc ...)
turn on begin a machine or a light Bật đèn, máy móc...
turn up increase the volume Vặn to âm thanh
Exercise1:Chän ph¬ng ¸n ®óng ®Ó hoµn thµnh c¸c c©u sau:
1. We are looking forward _____ you again soon.
A. to see B. to seeing C. saw D. have seen
2. My mother was afraid to let the boy _____ the tree.
A. to risk climbing B. to risk to climb C. risk climbing D. risk to climb
3. I remember _____ but he said I did not.
A. to buy him a book B. buy him a book
C. buying him a book D. to have bought him a book
4. Remember _____ john a present . today is his birthday.
A. send B. to send C. sent D. sending
5. I suggest _____ some more mathematical puzzles.
A. do B. to do C. doing D. done
6. Would you mind _____ the door?
A. open B. to open C. opening D. opened
7. You should give up _____ or you will die of cancer.
A. smoke B. to smoke C. smoking D. smoked
8. The driver stopped _____ a coffee because he felt sleepy.
A. have B. to have C. having D. had
9. That old man tried to stop _____ because of his bad health.
A. smoke B. smokes C. smoked D. smoking
10. There is nothing prevent us from______ the mystery of that palace.
A. discover B. discovery C. discovering D. discoveries
11. Mr. Thomas does not allow people_____ in his office.
A. smoke B. to smoke C. smoked D. smoking
12. We are not allowed _____ in that restricted area.
A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. to entered
13. You had better _____ at home until you feel better.
A. stay B. to stay C. staying D. stayed
14. The machine needs_____ .
A. B and C are correct B. to be repaired C. repairing D. to repair
15. I couldn’t help _____ when I heard the story.
A. laughing B. to laugh C. laughed D.laugh
16. Peter usually help his mother ______.
A. to do housework B. do housework C. with housework D.all are correct
17. She used that money _____ a new car.
A.buy B. buying C. to buy D. for buying
18. Can you manage_____ ______ the report in the morning?

A. finishing / to write B. to finish / writing C. finishing / writing D. to finish / to
write
19. Rex hotel was the best place for us _____.
A. stays B. staying C. to stay D. stay
20. You can’t stop me from _____ what I want.
A. doing B. do C. to do D. that I do
LESSON 11: conjunctions- Adverbial clauses of time
I. conjunctions
1. so: cã nghÜa lµ ‘v× vËy’, liªn tõ nµy ®øng tríc vÕ thø hai trong mét c©u ghÐp, biÓu hiÖn vÕ
thø hai lµ kÕt qu¶ t¸c ®éng cña vÕ c©u thø nhÊt. C«ng thøc dïng nh sau:
Clause 1, so + clause 2
Vd: Tim was too angry, so he left without saying anything.
But: cã nghÜa lµ’nhng’ liªn tõ nay ®øng tríc vÕ thø hai trong mét c©u ghÐp, biÓu thÞ ý nghÜa
tr¸i ngîc víi
ý nghÜa cña vÕ c©u thø nhÊt. C«ng thøc dïng nh sau:
Clause 1, but + clause 2
Vd: I tried my best to pass the exam, but I still failed.
3. However: cã nghÜa lµ’Tuy nhiªn’ liªn tõ nµy ®øng ë ®Çu mét c©u, biÓu thÞ ý nghÜa tr¸i ngîc
víi ý nghÜa
cña tríc ®ã vµ ng¨n c¸ch víi vÕ c©u ®i sau b»ng dÊu phÈy.Ngoµi ra nã cã thÓ lµ tõ nèi gi÷a hai
vÕ c©u trong mét c©u phøc. Trong trêng hîp nµy nã sÏ ®i sau dÊu chÊm phÈy vµ ®øng tríc
dÊu phÈy. C«ng thøc dïng nh sau:
Sentence 1. However, sentence 2.
Clause 1; however, clause 2.
Vd: -Studying English is not easy. However, it is benificial
- Studying English is not easy; however, it is benificial
4. Therefore: cã nghÜa lµ’v× vËy’ liªn tõ nµy ®øng ë ®Çu mét c©u, mang ý nghÜa chØ kÕt qu¶
cña hµnh ®éng trong c©u tríc ®ã vµ ng¨n c¸ch víi vÕ c©u ®i sau b»ng dÊu phÈy.Ngoµi ra nã cã
thÓ lµ tõ nèi gi÷a hai vÕ c©u trong mét c©u phøc. Trong trêng hîp nµy nã sÏ ®i sau dÊu chÊm
phÈy vµ ®øng tríc dÊu phÈy. C«ng thøc
dïng nh sau:
Sentence 1. Therefore, sentence 2.
Clause 1; therefore, clause 2.
Vd: -He didn’t study hard. Therefore, he failed the exam.
-He didn’t study hard; therefore, he failed the exam.

5. Sù kh¸c nhau gi÷a but vµ however; gi÷a so vµ therefore
*but vµ however chØ sù ®èi lËp . Tuy nhiªn but kh«ng thÓ ®øng ®Çu c©u mµ chØ cã thÓ
®øng ë ®Çu vÕ thø hai trong mét c©u phøc.
*so vµ therefore chØ kÕt qu¶ .Tuy nhiªn so kh«ng thÓ ®øng ®Çu c©u mµ chØ cã thÓ ®øng ë
®Çu vÕ thø hai trong mét c©u phøc.
II: Adverbial clause of time
* MÖnh ®Ò tr¹ng ng÷ chØ thêi gian ®ãng vai trß t¬ng ®¬ng víi tr¹ng ng÷ cña c©u. MÖnh ®Ò
nµy kh«ng thÓ ®øng mét m×nh mµ ph¶i lu«n ®i kÌm víi mÖnh ®Ò chÝnh.
*MÖnh ®Ò tr¹ng ng÷ chØ thêi gian thêng b¾t ®Çu víi c¸c tõ sau:
1. When (khi)
- When I was watching TV, it began to rain.
2. While ( trong khi)
- While Tommy was having a bath, the telephone rang.
3. As ( khi)
- As I was watching TV, it began to rain.
4. As soon as ( ngay khi)
- As soon as I finish reading this book, I will return it to you.
5. Until ( cho ®Õn khi)
- Please wait for me until I come back.
6. Before ( tríc khi)
- You must remember to turn all lights off before you go out.
7. After ( sau khi )
- After my parents have dinner, they often watch TV till late at night.
8. Since ( tõ khi)
- Since I move here, I have never met my next-door neiboor
9. As long as: (l©u chõng nµo)
- You can stay here as long as you want to.
NOTE:
* Ngêi ta kh«ng dïng th× t¬ng lai trong mÖnh ®Ò chØ thêi gian.Khi mÖnh ®Ò chÝnh cã ®éng
tõ ë th× t¬ng lai th× trong mÖnh phô chØ thêi gian, ngêi ta sÏ dïng:
- Th× HTHT thay v× dïng th× TLHT.
- Th× HT§ thay v× dïng th× TL§
* Sau As vµ While ta hay dïng ®éng tõ th× tiÕp diÔn.
Exercise1:Underline the correct option in each of the following sentences:
1. The school boy are in a hurry (not to/ in order not to) miss their school bus.
2. They were talking in whispers (so that/ so as) nobody could hear them.
3. My mother needs a tin opener(to open/ for opening) the bottles.
4. Advice is given (in order that / in order to) students can choose the best course.
5. You may put your money in a small coin bank (so that/ in order to) keep it safe.
Exercise2: Fill each blank with BUT – SO – HOWEVER – THEREFORE where appropriate :
1. You could fly via Singapore, ................................, this isn’t the only way.

2.The boy was able to learn English , ........................ he is very lazy.
3.He didn’t attend the lesson , ................................... he could not do his homework.
4.The rice is 5000 dong per kilo, ............................... we bought 10 kilos.
5.Your son is heading the right direction, ........................ I think you should encourage him to learn
harder.
6.It was midnight, ........................ the restaurant was still open.
7.It was midnight, ......................... they closed the restaurant and went home.
8.He had written her many times , but she didn’t give any reply , ......... they had been out of touch ever
since.
9.We discussed the issue all day, ......................... we couldn’t come to a final conclusion.
10.It started to rain hard , ............................... we decided to stay at home to watch TV.
11.The wind was howling outside, ................................... it was warm and comfortable indoor.
12.The highway was under construction, .............................. we had to take a different route to work.
13. Jackson was going to study all night, ............................ he declined our invitation to dinner.
14,There is still much to discuss . We shall, ........................... , return to this item at our next meeting.
15. The holiday had been a complate disaster. We , ........................ , decide to fly home early if we could..
Exercise3: Choose the most correct option:
1. Mary jogs everyday ______ lose weight.
A. so she can B. so that she can C. because she can D. so that to
2. We’ll be late ______ we hurry.
A. if B. despite C. unless D. when
3. She failed the test ______ she studied hard.
A. although B. even though C. as D. A and B
4. You should bring an umbrella ______ it rains.
A. if B. unless C. in case D. because of
5. He went on working ______ feeling unwell.
A. although B. unless C. due to D. despite
6. They decided to go ______ the danger.
A. because B. in spite of C. although D. so
7. ______ they lost, their fans gave them a big cheer.
A. However B. In spite of C. Although D. if
8. Jane has a computer, ______ she doesn’t use it.
A. and B. since C. but D. in spite of
9. ______ we had got on the plane, it started to rain.
A. If B. While C. Before D. As soon as.
10. We have to wait ______ everybody else finishes their turn.
A. when B. but C. so D. until
11. Mark heard the news on the radio _______ he was driving home.
A. while B. as C. until D. A and B
12. What are you going to do _______ graduating from university?
A. before B. after C. so D. because
13. I am not so good at English, _______ I have to practice more.
A. but B. so C. while D. despite
14. ______ the fact that she fail the exam, she didn’t look disappointed.
A. although B. despite C. in spite of D. because of

15. We didn’t go to France last summer______ we couldn’t afford to.
A. so B. when C. because D. because of

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