Model-driven Development of Model Transformations

“ Model-Driven Development of Model Transformations” Pieter Van Gorp Proefschrift ingediend tot het behalen van de graad van Doctor in de Wetenschappen

Model Everything The System (part of the real world) Model of the external structure Model of the internal structure Model of the electricity models models models Omit details Support a purpose

Language Evolution in Software Development Java 1 CORBA BPEL.XML EJB JMS, JCA, WSIF, … CORBA CORBA BPEL.XML BPEL.XML VB C++ VB.NET C# Bla 1 Bla 3 Bla 2 The next best thing The next best thing The next best thing ? ? ?

Escaping from Language evolution & extinction? 1954 - FORTRAN 1958 - LISP 1958 - ALGOL 58 1959 - COBOL 1962 - APL 1962 - Simula 1964 - BASIC 1964 - PL/I 1970 - Pascal 1970 - Forth 1972 - C 1972 - Smalltalk 1972 - Prolog 1973 - ML 1978 - SQL 1983 - Ada 1983 - C++ 1985 - Eiffel 1987 - Perl 1989 - FL (Backus) 1990 - Haskell 1990 - Python 1991 - Java 1993 - Ruby 1995 - PHP 2000 - C# … Java RMI JDBC JMS EJB 1 Hibernate EJB 2 Generics … OO Modeling UML DataSets NHibernate ODX Gentle.NET Ubik Persist.NET ... Keep it stable “ Human Friendly”

Modeling Language : Keep it Stable specify UML conforms- to conforms- to conforms- to Java C++ Programmer interpret specify specify…

Modeling Languages & Tools : Human Friendly ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],models

One Step Further: Multiple Software Models, Multiple Levels of Abstraction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Clean separation between models  iterative development

Transformations in Conventional Software Development ,[object Object],Manual!

Doing the transformations by hand is expensive and error-prone ! If only we could automatically transform those models into whatever the machine requires! Anno 2000 ... and we do them over and over for each project ...

Transformations in Model-Driven Software Development ,[object Object],[object Object]

Thesis Goals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Model-Driven Development of Model Transformations

Principles of Translation conforms-to conforms-to conforms-to Hieroglyphic models Demotic Ancient Greek models ... models describing the repealing of various taxes and instructions to erect statues in temples describing the repealing of various taxes and instructions to erect statues in temples describing the repealing of various taxes and instructions to erect statues in temples

Principles of Translation Hieroglyphic models Demotic models ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Alphabet, Grammar, Normalization, Translation Rules ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],a “Metamodel” = a Model of a Language Translation Process = Application of Transformations Noun, Verb, ... Substantif, Verbe, ...

Translation LV PV O PV O LV Normalization “ Switch position of Subject and Verb” Translation “ LV PV O maps to …”` Translation “ LV PV O maps to …” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

A language for Modeling Translations... ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Standard Syntax for Metamodeling Example: UML Metamodel UML Meta Model (of UML) UML Model (of racing game)

A language for Modeling Translations... ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],EXISTING N E W

Related Software Models: Correspondences in Detail Analysis Model Design Model

Modeling Transformation Rules INPUT model OUTPUT model INPUT metamodel OUTPUT metamodel Match, Create, Destroy, Copy in terms of the metamodels Class Diagrams too! Class Diagrams conforms to conforms to Copying fragments of models is complex! » Example

IN/OUT metamodel conforms to conforms to OUTPUT model INPUT model processed by processed by IN-to-OUT Transformation read write Modeling a Copy Operation Derivation

Modeling a Copy Operation Derivation IN/OUT metamodel OUTPUT model INPUT model <<copy>> IN-to-OUT Transformation read write

Modeling a Copy Operation Summary Transformation Modeling Language: (extension of) so-called “ Story Diagrams” , in Standard UML syntax

Cognitive Evaluation (of Transformation Modeling Language) + T. R. G. Green. Cognitive dimensions of notations . In Alistair Sutcliffe and Linda Macaulay, editors, People and Computers V, pages 443–460, New York, NY, USA,1989. Cambridge University Press. Consistency (able to infer <<onCopy>> <<destroy>>) Diffuseness (however: issue of input/output metamodels!) Secondary Notation (2D layout, color, …) Progressive Evaluation (tool issue?) Role-Expressiveness (edges: relation to whole) Juxtaposition (embedding… native Fujaba) Closeness of Mapping (syntax ~ metamodeling) -

Generality ( of Transformation Modeling Language) Synthesis Refactoring Synthesis Refactoring UML2CSP CM2RM Copy2GT Pull Up Method Extract Interface Push Down Method Model Synchronization Model Synchronization Operational Declarative, Hybrid: >> outline for future work Normalization Normalization UML2CSP Chaining Chaining UML2CSP

Towards Transformation Code… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],Higher Order Transformations ModelTransformer.ftl TransFlow.ftl TransPrimitive.ftl <<success>>, <<failure>>, <<each time>> <<success>>, <<failure>>, <<each time>> <<create>>, <<destroy>> <<copy>> , <<create>>, <<destroy>> <<success>>, <<failure>>, <<each time>> <<create>>, <<destroy>> Again as Story Diagrams! Eat your own dogfood JMI, EMF, Java2, ... getClasses(): FCollection remove(), add(LinkedList l), … MDA Standardization of the state-of-the-art (Fujaba 3) Improvement of the state-of-the-art (Graph Transformation, QVT) Independent of the modeling platform!

Conclusions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Model-Driven Development of Model Transformations

Model-driven Development of Model Transformations

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Model-driven Development of Model Transformations