2. 1. MAINFRAME (MF) 2. DESKTOP PC 3. UBICOMP
- Late 1950's to 1970's
- Large sized machine
- Centralized computing
- Highly specialized (needs
an operator)
- Many computer
technicians used a shared
MF
- Mid 1980's to the
present
- Small size (desktop
paradigm)
- Online or offline
- General purpose
- Family sustainable
price
- 1 user – 1 PC (no
operator needed)
- 21st Century
- Micro size (wearable, tag)
- Robust network design
- Ubiquity (everyday-
everywhere)
- Inexpensive
- Inside every object (no
manual operation is needed
)
YOUTUBE VIDEO: UBICOMP PART1
HISTORY OF COMPUTING
3. Ubiquitous computing (Ubicomp) is a term coined by Mark Weiser in
1988 to describe the third generation of computers (after mainframes
and desktop PCs) that are completely integrated into everyday objects
and activities.
“The most profound technologies are
those that disappear. They wave
themselves in the fabric of everyday life
until they are indistinguishable from it”
Mark Weiner, The Computer for the 21st
Century, 1991
UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING
4. • Today's computers are becoming the invisible background of peoples‟ lives, becoming
personal assistants ( PDA, GPS, ).
• In the near future, computers will be quiet domestic servants (intelligent environments) or
means of interaction with humans and the environment (mixed reality).
• The new interaction paradigm is based on natural interfaces or multimodal interfaces (the
details of which will be developed in the coming years).
UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING
Ubicomp, also called “the age of calm
technology”, is a human-based vision of using
technologies differently, trying to merge
knowledge of computer science, social science and
humanities.
5. RFID
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is the technology that permitted Mark Wiener's idea
of Ubicomp to became a reality
• This technology has been in existence for about 50 years
• RFID system is made by 2 simple components: a reader
that sends radio frequency signal, and is able to intercept
and elaborate information, and a label (aka tag), that
receives the signal and transmits its ID in response.
• The most common uses of RFID:
-objects product tracking & payment, public transportation.
-animalscattle management, race timing, pet identification, ethological study.
-humans passports, implantable ID, visitor tracking (museums, exhibits,4v mass-
events), medical information.
6. INTERNET OF THINGS
The Internet of Things is a wireless network of
enhanced objects that interact with each other and
the Web
This is possible thanks to RFID, sensors, and
smartphones
This term is usually applied in the intelligent
environment field
Example:
- This new smart objects' network needs no operator
because it is self configuring (for example a smart
refrigerator can read the RFID tag of the food and
monitor when we are low on milk or eggs, then can
automatically check some recipe websites and
suggest us the best dish to cook for tonight's dinner)
- Electronics can better help humans to take care of
their health suggesting the best food for specific
atmospheric or physical conditions
- Technology can improve the effectiveness of goods'
storage and consumption.
7. FUTURE CITIES
-Ubiquitous computing technologies open new
scenarios for the urban design.
- Interactivity is included between the
parameters an architect has to deal with in
organizing public places in terms of
functionality, aesthetic and logistics.
8. FUTURE CITIES
- Large building-size images, shining LED
screens, and intriguing lighting design can display
information elaborated by a central computer
connected to a broad net of sensors spread out all
over the city (e.g. Times Square in NYC).
- Physical environment of new cities can be a responsive interface for urban
dynamics and phenomena (ex. pedestrian and vehicular traffic
information, tailored and smart advertisement system, etc).
9. UBICOMP OUTCOMES → WEARABLE COMPUTERs
The term wearable computer describes all new
digital devices that are body-worn (eg. Google
glass, smart watches) or hidden in
clothing, which offer the user a new interaction
paradigm based on multimodal interfaces
(eg. Vocal input+ graphics superimposed to real
world+ haptic).
10. If desktop paradigm resulted in a staid
interaction, wearable computers follow their user
everywhere and permit a different context-based
interaction for each situation
Giving the user an enhanced perspective on the
real world and a super-fast worldwide connection to
the Internet, wearable computers can be considered
„intelligent assistants‟ for 21st century humans.
UBICOMP OUTCOMES → WEARABLE COMPUTERs
11. UBICOMP OUTCOMES → HUMAN IDENTIFICATION
- In Fall 2004, the first RFID chip was implanted in a human in the US.
- Many different models of FDA approved chips can be implanted, today.
- The declared main purpose of this technology is to incorporate the medical history inside
patients themselves (in order to reduce injuries from errors in medical treatments for people
with diabetes, cardiovascular problems and Alzheimer).
12. Other usages are employee tracking (VeriChip Corp, Mexico's Attorney General in Mexico
City) and personal checking payment (more than 2,000 patrons of nightclubs in
Barcelona, Spain, and Rotterdam, the Netherlands).
UBICOMP OUTCOMES → HUMAN IDENTIFICATION
13. SOCIAL CONTROL
- Every society, having its own founding system of
shared customs and values, develops a collection of
norms to regulate members‟ behavior and a
collection of social instruments to produce
conformity to those rules
- Sociology defines social control the whole set of
processes which regulate the behaviors of
individuals, or groups, in a given society
Example:
laws, police, arrest, penalty, imprisonment, death
sentence, signs, telephone calls
interception, CCTV,
- People who don‟t conform to social norms are
defined deviants
14. NEW FORMS OF SOCIAL CONTROL : UBIQUITOUS SURVEILLANCE
- Ubicomp and the massive diffusion of
surveillance systems, such as Close Circuit Television
Cameras (CCTV), bring to the attention of public opinion
complex ethical and sociological issues.
- Social control studies are not a new field. Sociologists
started in 20th century to investigate this topic.
Deviance in a sociological context describes actions or behaviors that violate cultural norms
including formally-enacted rules (e.g., crime) as well as informal violations of social norms
(e.g., rejecting folkways and mores).
YOUTUBE VIDEO: UBICOMP – PART2
15. NEW FORMS OF SOCIAL CONTROL : UBIQUITOUS SURVEILLANCE
The term deviance in a sociological context describes actions or behaviors that violate cultural
norms including formally-enacted rules (e.g. crime) as well as informal violations of social norms.
www.wikipedia.org
“A new mode of obtaining power of mind over mind, in a
quantity hitherto without example.”
J. Bentham, The Panopticon
Writings
-Michel Foucault took up this theme in 1975 in
“Discipline and Punishment”, where he pursued the
link between surveillance and social control.
- In 1960’s sociologists and philosophers started to
focus on the study of social deviance.
16. - In recent years an intense debate has begun between a conspicuous number of stakeholders
(religious and privacy advocates VS big corporations and government) regarding social
security-control and personal rights.
- Object and people tracking through new ubiquitous computing and RFID technologies
allows companies and social institutions to collect data about customer/citizen
habits, preferences and behaviors.
NEW FORMS OF SOCIAL CONTROL : UBIQUITOUS SURVEILLANCE
17. - LIFELOG technologies can record and memorize
actions, decisions, preferences of their users and develop
precise models of them, which can then be transferred to
the Internet.
- LIFELOGGING can be conceived as a voluntary form
of social control that users choose freely.
NEW FORMS OF SOCIAL CONTROL : LIFELOGGING
18. - LIFELOGGING means collecting life/social experiences
and sharing them in a social network
Examples :
Nike and Apple Ipod Sport Kit
ViconRevue automatic camera
- LIFELOGGING, denotes how technologies have
changed personal and social behavior and introduces a
new perspective on social control debate.
NEW FORMS OF SOCIAL CONTROL : LIFELOGGING
19. junaio
What is junaio?
junaio is the easiest entry point to developing and publishing augmented reality and
location-based experiences. As a free app for Android and iOS devices, junaio has several
million users and a thriving international and professional developer community.
Why develop with junaio?
Create and publish your own Augmented Reality campaign for junaio or your own app.
junaio offers access to the most comprehensive Augmented Reality technology coming
from the research labs of AR industry leader Metaio. With multiple ways and approaches
to inserting digital information into the real world and no app submissions
necessary, junaio offers the most flexibility out of any commercial AR platform.
21. Crea una campagna AR basata su GLUE Channels (stampe interattive) per un iniziativa
culturale basata su modelli 3D di tuo interesse scaricati da 123D
- Crea un developer account in junaio
- Scarica metaio creator e installalo nel tuo computer
- Lancia metaio creator
- Crea il tuo primo AR Scenario seguendo il Tutorial 1 (usa un’immagine a tua scelta
come Trackable, aggiungi un modello 3D come Content e ottimizza la composizione
(Scenario) verificando l’anteprima in 2D e 3D utilizzando la webcam del tuo computer e
una stampa dell’immagine usata come Trackable
- una selezione limitata di modelli 3D è disponibile nella cartella di metaio creator (es.
C:Program Files(x86)metaioCreator3.2.2examplescontent3D_Models
Social Media Lab – Esercizio 4
Come creare un GLUE Channel
http://dev.metaio.com/junaio/doc
umentation/channels/image-
based-glue-channels/
22. - Aggiungi il tuo AR scenario a un Channel (Canale) su junaio cloud utilizzando
il Tutorial 2
- Completa la procedura e fai qualche prova con il tuo nuovo Channel e il tuo
telefonino usando l’app junaio per inquadrare il Glue Channel (stampa
interattiva)
- Visualizza il modello con junaio e scopri le potenzialita’ della realta’
aumentata in 3D
- Inviaci una foto di te che usi un mobile device (es. iPad, smartphone) in cui si
vede il tuo schermo con un modello 3D visualizzato in junaio (come
nell’immagine di esempio qui sopra).
Social Media Lab – Esercizio 4
Come creare un GLUE Channel
http://dev.metaio.com/junaio/doc
umentation/channels/image-
based-glue-channels/
23. Autodesk 123D web apps & 3D sharing
- 123d e’ un progetto di Autodesk per la
creazione e condivisione di modelli
3D da parte di utenti non esperti
- Archivio online di modelli 3D fatti da
utenti delle diverse piattaform 123d
(web app gratuite per creare modelli
3D partendo da fotografie)
www.123dapp.com
- Crea un utente in 123dapp e poi scarica
gratuitamente modelli 3D
