Presentació en el Taller d'experts 'Landschaftsplanung im Innenbereich' (La planificació del paisatge urbà i periurbà) a Vilm, Alemanya (27 d'octubre de 2015), organitzat per l'Agència Federal de Conservació de la Natura - Bundesamt für Naturschutz (Govern federal alemany). Presentación en el Taller de expertos 'Landschaftsplanung im Innenbereich' (La planificación del paisaje urbano y periurbano) en Vilm, Alemania, (27 de octubre de 2015), organizado por la Agencia Federal de Conservación de la Naturaleza - Bundesamt für Naturschutz (Gobierno federal alemán). Presentation at the Experts Meeting 'Landschaftsplanung im Innenbereich' (Urban and periurban landscape planning) in Vilm, 27 October 2015, organized by Bundesamt für Naturschutz (German Federal Government).

1. Pere Sala. Coordinator of the Landscape Observatory of Catalonia
Vilm, 27 October 2015
Landscape planning at a local level in Europe
The cases of Germany, France, the Netherlands,
the United Kingdom, Switzerland and the Walloon Region in Belgium

2. The publication
Joint publication of the Landscape Observatory of Catalonia and the
Government of Andorra.
Complet version in Catalan:
www.catpaisatge.net/fitxers/publicacions/planificacio/planificacio_paisatge.pdf
Complet version in English:
www.catpaisatge.net/fitxers/publicacions/planificacio/landscape_planning.pdf

3. Coincidence in time
The Government of Catalonia is in process of drafting
the new Law on Territory, Urban planning,
Architecture and Landscape.
The Government of Andorra is currently implemen7ng
the Na7onal Landscape Strategy (2012).
Starting point
Growing interest of local administrations and
entities for the landscape.
Growing need to review the tools and the strategies
on which landscape policies at a local level have
been based to date.
The transfer of the landscape quality objectives
from a territorial level to a local level is still pending.
In Catalonia

4. Find out about the main landscape planning
tools and experiences in the local area that
exist in Europe and to analyse their link with
local planning, both from an urban as well
as a sectorial perspective.
Objectives
To bring new elements of debate and reflection
regarding the incorporation of the landscape
into planning.
Provide a reference tool for professionals and
people interested in landscape planning

5. First step
How are these tools linked to local
planning?
How effective are they?
What is civil society’s role in
them?
How are they organised in the planning
systems and in the respective landscape
policies?
To study tools and planning regulations of six
public landscape policies that are recognised
in Europe: Germany, France, the Netherlands,
the United Kingdom, Switzerland and the
Walloon Region in Belgium.

6. Structure of the book
1. Introduction
2. Landscape policies
3. Landscape planning tools
4. Landscape in urban planning
5. Financial tools
6. Reflections on landscape planning at a local
level
7. Bibliography
8. Abbreviations and Acronyms

7. Landscape planning tools
Germany
- Landscape Plan (Landschaftsplan)
France
- Landscape charter (Charte paysagère)
- Regional natural park charter (Charte du Parc naturel
régional)
- Landscape plan (Plan de paysage)
- Protection perimeter and Recovery of Periurban
Agricultural Areas (PAEN)
- Green and Blue Network (Trame verte et bleue)

8. The Netherlands
- Landscape Development plan (LOP, Landschapsontwikkelingsplan)
- Landscape Quality Plan (Beeldkwaliteitplan, BKP)
- Aesthetic Quality Regulation and Framework Plan (Welstandsnota)
The United Kingdom
- Green Infrastructure, GI
Switzerland
- Landscape Development Plan
(Conception d’evolution du paysage, CEP)
The Walloon Region (Belgium)
- Landscape program
Landscape planning tools

9. Landscape in urban planning
France
- Territorial Coherence Plan (SCOT)
- Local Urban Development Plans (PLU), PADD
and OAP
- Area of Valorisation of Architecture and
Heritage (AVAP)
The Netherlands
- Zoning Plan with respect to the LOK
(Bestemmingsplan en LOK)
The United Kingdom
- Landscape Character Assessment in Local
Planning (LCA and local planning)

10. Financial tools
France
- 1% Landscape and Development Policy
(1% Paysage et développement)
The United Kingdom
- Heritage Lottery Fund, HLF
Switzerland
- The Swiss Fund for Landscape
(Fond Suïsse pour le paysage)

11. Example of presenting an instrument
Description
Content
Application

12. Example of presenting an instrument

13. Example of the application of the instrument

14. From the European Landscape Convention to the local action
The CEP is triggering institutional, regulatory and planning changes and
adaptations not only at the regional and national, but also at the local level,
which opens up extremely interesting and suggestive perspectives...
Ever-increasing and persistent demand from the general public to take part in the
“government of places”.
Local institutions view the landscape as a possible driving force for their
development, a local attraction, a sign of civility, and a way to raise levels of self-
esteem, and quality of life.

15. A modern landscape policy at a local level today is rooted in avoiding the extreme
differentiation between outstanding landscapes and others that at first glance
seem to have no value: the everyday and ordinary landscapes, which are the
immense majority.
An integrated approach, considering urban, periurban, rural and natural areas
together.
From the European Landscape Convention to the local action
Landscape planning at a local level is increasingly conceiving the landscape as the
result of the interaction of nature and culture, it is past and it is present, it is
knowledge and it is emotion.

16. Landscape planning at a local level begins at a national level…
Importance of having strategies at all levels of government, from national to
local levels, which are clearly linked to each other, thereby providing coherence
to the system as a whole.
The relevant role of the national landscape strategies (Paysage 2020, Agenda
Landschap), which are increasingly prominent in Europe.

17. Risk of using excessively rigid and prescribed methodologies and systems, and
which are therefore inflexible and difficult to adapt to the specific needs of each
area, and which hinder the work of locals entities when establishing new, more
imaginative ways of acting, participating and deciding.
Landscape planning at a local level begins at a national level…

18. Moving from the regional to the urban level
We have to transfer at the local level the landscape quality objectives and implement
them through urban planning and development regulations, to those that affect
specific areas and urban details (such us volumes, texture, colour, landscape structure,
etc.), to landscape creation and the re-naturalisation of cities (Landscape Quality
Plans, Protection Perimeter and Valoration of Periurban Agricultural Areas - PAEN, GI…)
Relationship between landscape planning and urban
planning (The Netherlands)
Schéma de cohérence territorial Rosselle
(France)

19. These tools are learning towards an integration of contents within the reports of
urban development plans, rather than being separate documents.
The fact that issues link with the everyday landscape, owners, social and economic
stakeholders and the public in general to take an active part in the design and the
development of this wide variety of tools.
Moving from the regional to the urban level
Relationship between landscape planning and urban
planning (The Netherlands)
Schéma de cohérence territorial Rosselle
(France)

20. Landscape units as an area for planning
Many tools appear to function better when applied to a supramunicipal area
(Swiss Landscape Deveopment Plans, Deutch Landscape Quality Plans, French
Landscape Charters and Landscape Plans).
Plan de paysage de la Vallée
de la Théve Amont
(France)

21. Excellent base for linking landscape planning decisions with urban planning in
order to formulate local landscape strategies (linked to agricultural, tourist,
cultural and educational areas, etc.), to implement guidelines, to apply
regulations, or develop specific projects.
Plan de paysage de la Vallée
de la Théve Amont
(France)
Landscape units as an area for planning
Functional areas that enable us to move from generalization to concrete initiatives.

22. Beyond regulation: the force of recommendations and good
practices
Enormous utility of manuals and documents stating recommendations and good
practices to improve the quality of the landscape at the local level.
Construire le paysage de demain (Valonia) Guide de bonnes practiques (France)

23. Linking landscape and urban planning is not enough: links with
local sectorial policies
A modern landscape policy at the local level must be transversal and strengthen the
essential role that cross-sectorial strategies play in the area (agriculture, tourism,
heritage…), or those where the landscape can mean a future opportunity (in terms
of the local development, economy, entrepreneurship, climate change, health, social
cohesion, recreation, education, innovation, etc.). French Chartes paysagères

24. Moving beyond the view of heritage in a natural and cultural
sense, as a mer sum of specific features, places or buildings
An integrated conception of landscape planning at a local level include the cultural
heritage that is impregnated in the landscape (whether catalogued or not) as factor
of the identity, of the memory of a region, or of the historic and cultural references
of a place (historical road networks, dry stone walls, avenues trees, field structures,
story telling, legends, art, etc.).

25. The efficacy of landscape policies at a local level involves the clear definition of the
actors and their responsibilities at all times (French Regional Natural Park Offices,
Dutch Landscape Coordinator).
Charte du Parc natural régional des Pyrénées Catalanes (France)
“Landscape
coordinator”
(The Netherlands)
A clear definition of responsibilities

26. Encouragement rather than fines
Promoting the positive and constructive characters of the initiatives and
regulatory laws, avoiding tools and approaches that are reactionary, prohibitive
or penalising in nature, and which may be counterproductive.
Programme Paysage
(Wallon Region, Belgium)

27. Local landscapes, local maps
Landscape mapping helps –or should help- make the complexity of the landscape
intelligible and should be a decision-making tool and contribute to raising the
awareness of the landscape to institutions and the public in general.

28. Possess clear, direct and precise local-level maps that improve the incorporation of
landscape issues and perceptions into urban planning and sectorial strategies,
focused above all on action.
Local landscapes, local maps

29. Having good mapping which is identifying or descriptive is not sufficient, as
representations that are focused primarily on actions are required.
Local landscapes, local maps

30. Today, the ways of understanding and conveying the complexity of the landscape
are increasingly diverse (maps, photographs, 3D animations, augmented reality, IT
resources and innovations, etc.) and none alone is sufficient for achieving an
integrated vision and interpretation.
Local landscapes, local maps

31. New sources of funding for the landscape at local level
Important that funding involves local stakeholders, public-private enterprises
(companies, foundations, banks, etc.), patronage, sponsorship or other
imaginative systems, yet to be explored.
Landscape Partnership (UK)
Fond suisse prou le Paysage (Switzerland)

32. A final consideration
Demand for new forms of governance,
of landscape democracy, of
involvement of society in managing the
landscape as a common good, based
on collec7ve and collabora7ve work,
with new forms of interac7on and
par7cipa7on between agents.
Today we are witnessing a host of local ini7a7ves driven by civil society
with enormous poten7al.

33. www.catpaisatge.net/monlocal
A final consideration

34. Edited by:
Pere Sala, Laura Puigbert, Gemma Bretcha
Direction and coordination:
Pere Sala
Anna Moles
Editorial team of the initial technical document:
Irene Navarro
Roser Ginjaume
Jordi Grau
Àgata Losantos

35. Acknowledgements:
Chris Blake
Pauwel Bogaert
Frédéric Bonavia
Mireille Deconinck
Maguelonne Déjeant-Pons
Gerhard Ermischer
Graham Fairclough
Dirk Gotzmann
Niek Hazendonk
Tapio Heikkilä
Anna Jiménez
Lucie Julien
Felip Juste
Felip Juste
Luigi Mesisca
Bas Pedroli
Karina Peña
Natàlia Rovira
Gilles Rudaz
Rob Schröder
Jean-François Seguin
Elise Soufflet
Andreas Stlader
Matthias Stremlow
Gerrit-Jan Van Herwaarden
Stephanie Wilbrand

36. www.catpaisatge.net
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