PLNOG15: Access Network Technology Challenges - 2015 - Adam P. Grodecki

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COPYRIGHT © 2014 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
1
ACCESS NETWORK
TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGES
ADAM P. GRODECKI
CTO elite account
adam.grodecki@alcatel-lucent.com
PLNOG 15 - KRAKÓW

2
AGENDA
• Wprowadzenie
• Para miedziana lub Coax - Możliwości technologiczne dzisiaj
• Główne filary usprawnień
• Co nowego dla FBB
• Para miedziana lub Coax - Możliwości technologiczne jutro

3
0 ITU-T, fixed BB subs per 100 inhabitants 40
THE ULTRA-
BROADBAND
CHALLENGE
CONNECTING
AMERICA
100Mbps to 100M
households by 2020
EU DIGITAL AGENDA
30Mbps to all,
100Mbps to 50% by 2020
BRASIL PLANO NACIONAL
160M broadband connections
by 2018
INDIA NATIONAL BB
PLAN
2-100Mbps for 600M
households by 2020
BB CHINA STRATEGIC PLAN
50Mbps-1Gbps to all urban and
12Mbps to all rural by 2020
NEW ZEALAND UFB/RBI
Ultra-fast (50-100Mbps) BB to 75%
by 2019, BB for 86% of rural
AUSTRALIA NBN
Ultra-fast broadband (25-100
Mbps) to all households by 2019

Strategy
VDSL2
~40 Mbps
CO
ADSL2+
~10-20 Mbps
VDSL2 Vectoring + Bonding
~200 Mbps VDSL2
~40 Mbps
VDSL2
~50 Mbps
VDSL2 Vectoring
~100 Mbps
FTTN
PON/P2P Fiber
100 Mbps – 1Gbps – 10Gbps
CO
FTTB/C
VDSL2 Vectoring
~100 Mbps
2G/3G wireless
~100s Kbps – 2 Mbps
LTE Wireless Small Cells
~20 Mbps
SOLVING THE BANDWIDTH EQUATION
LTE wireless
2 Mbps – 20 Mbps

5
SOLVING THE BANDWIDTH EQUATION
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
ADSL/CO FTTN
250 subs
FTTCurb
48 subs
FTTB
32 subs
FTTPole
16 subs
FTTWall
1 sub
FTTH
Other Factors
Home Connection & Installation
Home Equipment
Civil Works & Cables
Cabinets or POPs
Splitters
Equipment
FTTx COST COMPARISON, CAPEX + INSTALLATION
INVESTMENT
• From FTTN (4x) to FTTH (15x)
• The closer to the subscriber, the
closer the cost to FTTH
1
TIME TO MARKET
• Deploying FTTH is time consuming
• Re-using existing copper can speed
up deployment
2
BANDWIDTH
• FTTH: 1G and more
• FTTx: 100M (VDSL2 Vectoring
today), G.fast evolution to 100s
3
OTHER FACTORS
• (-) Aerial fiber, existing ducts
• (+) difficulty to enter the home
4

6
WHAT WERE 24 LEADING SERVICE PROVIDERS DOING IN 2011?
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ +
+ + + + +
+ + + + + +
EUROPE CALA MEA NAR APAC
FTTB
FTTCab
ADSL/CO
FTTH
FTTdp
Strategy
Exploring

7
Strategy
Exploring
Note: most FTTN/C deployment models qualify for vectoring
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ +
+ + + + +
+ + + + + +
EUROPE CALA MEA NAR APAC
FTTB
FTTH
FTTdp
WHAT ARE THOSE 24 LEADING SERVICE PROVIDERS DOING TODAY?
FTTCab
ADSL/CO

8
DSL ACCELERATION BREAKS DOWN THE BARRIERS
BETWEEN “FIBER” AND “COPPER” OPERATORS
• Deliver fiber speeds
• Avoid the cost of entering the home
• Leverage in-building telephone lines where
deploying fiber is particularly difficult
• Deploy fiber as close to the user as possible
• Shorten copper loops – increase speeds
• Leverage fiber infrastructure for future FTTH
deployments
“FIBER” OPERATOR “COPPER” OPERATOR
DELIVER 100Mbps+
ULTRA-BROADBAND
LEVERAGE EXISTING
COPPER
DEPLOY FROM ANY
LOCATION
CONNECT ANY USER
COST-EFFECTIVELY
ACHIEVE FAST TIME-
TO-MARKET
Effective OPERATOR

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AGENDA
• Wprowadzenie

10
VDSL2 VECTORING AND G.FAST SNAPSHOT
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950
1000 1050
G.FAST
VDSL_V
Downlink
Mbps
Loop lenght - meters

11
AGENDA
• Wprowadzenie

12
GŁÓWNE FILARY USPRAWNIEŃ
32
Większe pasmo
1
Zmniejszanie tłumienia,
zmniejszanie interferencji
Zwiększanie
efektywności
spektralnej i kodowej

13
G.FAST: 1GBPS ON SHORT LOOPS
HIGH BITRATES
•Standard targets:
• 150Mbps @ 250m
• 200Mbps @ 200m
• 500Mbps @ 100m
• Up to 1Gbps <100m
SHORT DISTANCE
• To reduce attenuation at high
frequencies
• Vectoring 2.0
BITS/s/Hz
106MHz 212MHz
VDSL2 VECTORED
FREQUENCY [MHz]
17MHz
G.FAST VECTORED
0
1
3 2
MORE BANDWIDTH
• G.fast: up to 106 or 212
MHz
• Limitation on bits/s/Hz to
manage design complexity
321

14
AGENDA
• Wprowadzenie

15
G.FAST STANDARDIZATION TIMELINE
ITU-T
• June 2011: Q4/15 agreed to develop a new
Recommendation
• March 2013: Q4/15 agreed to split G.fast
Recommendation into two parts
 Part 1: G.9700 Aspects with regulatory impact,
e.g., G.fast PSD Limits and PSD Reduction Tools
APPROVED IN APRIL, 2014
 Part 2: G.9701 Main document (all other transceiver
functionality: framing, modulation, etc...)
Reached consent on 6 Dec 2013
- More than 1400 technical comments issued
APPROVED IN DECEMBER 2014
• G.997.1 MIB parameters definition
 Configuration / Reporting / Performance monitoring
 Future work
BROADBAND FORUM
• September 2010: Broadband Forum (BBF) Service
Provider Action Council (SPAC) agreed to develop a
white paper capturing network operators’ potential
requirements
• Ongoing work at the BBF on FTTdp architecture and
management aspects (WT-301)
• Work still needs to start in the BBF on G.fast
IOP/certification, performance and functional test
specifications

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G.FAST DIFFERENCES WITH VDSL2
VDSL2
• VDSL2: upto 17 or 30MHz, but
not mixed in the same binder in
case of vectoring
• Max. PSD: -40dBm/Hz
• Max. transmit power: 14.5dBm
1 G.fast
• G.fast: up to 106MHz. 212
MHz is for further study.
• Max. PSD: -65dBm/Hz
• Max. transmit power: 4dBm
• Defined in ITU-T G.9700
(G.fast-PSD)
BANDWIDTH & SPECTRUM
FIRST VERSION OF G.FAST STD. ALLOWS TO USE FREQUENCIES UPTO 106MHz.
FREQUENCIES UPTO 212MHz WILL ONLY BE INCLUDED IN SECOND VERSION, +/- 1 YEAR AFTER FIRST PHASE
PSD[dBm/Hz]
106 212
VDSL2 VECTORED
FREQUENCY [MHz]17.7
G.fast VECTORED
0
1
-40dBm/Hz
-65dBm/Hz
-73dBm/Hz
-76dBm/Hz
-79dBm/Hz
302
-60dBm/Hz

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VDSL2
• Tone spacing: 4.3125kHz
• Max bit loading: 15 bits
• #tones: 4096
• Symbol rate 4kHz/s
BITLOADING[bits]
106
VDSL2 VECTORED
FREQUENCY [MHz]17.7
G.FAST VECTORED
0
1
G.Fast
• Tone spacing: 51.75kHz (x 12)
• Max bit loading: 12 bits
• # tones: 2048 (for 106MHz)
• Symbol rate 48kHz/s15 bits
12 bits
302
…
…
51.75kHz
4,3125kHz
1

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1
VDSL2
• Uses FDM to duplex US and DS
• US and DS frequencies are sent
all the time
• Bandplan e.g. 998ADE
• Alternating DS and US bands
G.fast
• Uses TDD to duplex US and DS
• No bandplan
• DS uses full band
• US uses full band
VDSL2
998ADE17
GFAST
profile 106
2
106000
DOWNSTREAM
UPSTREAM
0
DS2DS1 DS3US1 US2
0
3750
5200
8500
12000
17664
US0
NO BANDPLAN IN G.FAST !

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2
REACH
Optical Fiber
Copper
ADSL2+
VDSL2
Vectored
VDSL2
G.fast
Central Office
Central Office / Node
Node / Cabinet /
Distribution Point
Distribution
Point
< 5 km
< 2.5 km for 26AWG (0.4mm)
< 1 km
< 250 m of 0.5mm
Time
vectoring
vectoring
G.FAST CAN ONLY USE THE HIGHER FREQUENCIES WHEN USING SHORTER DISTANCES
(LOWER CABLE ATTENUATION)

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3
HIGH BITRATES
VDSL2
• Up to 200Mbps (30a)
G.fast
• Standard targets:
• 150Mbps @ 250m
• 200Mbps @ 200m
• 500Mbps @ 100m
• Up to 1Gbps <100m
• Bit rates are aggregate: upstream and
downstream are summed together !
• Bit rates depend on many factors:
- Cable type
- Start frequency
- Vectoring efficiency
- Useable spectrum, e.g. spectral notches
- Bridged taps
- Noise pickup
- …
Note: reach limitation due to CE (ISI / ICI) not taken into account.
Displayed rates are single line rates
for idealized transceiver model ;
Realistic vectored rates may be lower
106 MHz profile
212 MHz profile
17.7 – 212 MHz, single line
ITU-T target rates
Aggregatenetdatarate[Mb/s]
loop length [m]
SIMULATION
3
HIGH BITRATES
FOR REACHING 1Gbps ABOVE 17MHz, 212MHz PROFILE IS NEEDED

21
4
CROSSTALK AND PSD NORMALIZATION
AT HIGHER FREQUENCIES, CROSSTALK IS MUCH STRONGER AND
THE POWER BECOMES COMPARABLE TO THAT OF THE DIRECT SIGNAL
Frequency
Received power
Direct signal
Crosstalk signal
-140 dBm/Hz
-80 dBm/Hz
212 MHz17.7 MHz0
Noise
VDSL2 G.fast
Different vectoring approach is needed

22
5
TIME DIVISION DUPLEXING
• Allows for power saving
• Allows to choose a flexible US/DS ratio (TUS/TDS)
=> This determines the US/DS bitrate asymmetry, see next slide
• Reduced analog and digital complexity
• Introduces a lot of dynamicity for vectoring
TUS
1 TDD frame ≈ 750 µs
Upstream
Downstream Time
TDS
T A B
ON OFF ON OFF
T: common to all lines in a binder
A,B: on-off periods can be decided per line
VDSL2
• Frequency division
duplexing: US and DS use
different frequency bands and
are transmitted all the time
G.fast
• Time division
duplexing: US and DS
use the same frequencies
but different timeslots

23
5
TIME DIVISION DUPLEXING
US/DS Ratio control
• FLEXIBLE US/DS ratio
• VDSL2 FDD : determined by bandplan
• Bandplans need to be approved by ITU
• G.fast TDD: just other config setting
• Values:
• Mandatory 10:90 to 70:30
• Optional 70:30 to 90:10
• All lines in same binder: same US/DS ratio
(independent of looplength)
• VDSL2: US/DS ratio changes ifo looplength
• Increasing looplength affects first the DS3 band
• Gives change in US/DS ratio = not optimal
DS US
time
Line 1
Line 2
...
DS US
DS US DS US
Example 10:90
DS US
time
Line 1
Line 2
...
Example 70:30
DS US
DS US DS US
DS US
DS US DS US
DS US
time
Line 1
Line 2
...
Example 50:50

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VDSL2 VECTORING DELIVERS ON THE PROMISE
60+ VDSL2 VECTORING
TRIALS
18 VECTORING
CUSTOMERS
4.2M VECTORING PORTS
SHIPPED
3.7M SLV PROCESSORS
SHIPPED FOR 3.7M LINES

25
BLURRING LINE BETWEEN COPPER AND FIBER DEPLOYMENTS …
Copper
ADSL2+
VDSL2
Vectored
VDSL2
Vectored
G.fast
Central Office
POP/Cabinet
FTTC
Distribution
Point
< 5 km
< 2.5 km for 26AWG (0.4mm)
< 1 km
< 250 m
vectoring
vectoring
G.FAST BRINGS VALUES FOR COPPER AND FIBER OPERATORS
< 500m km
vectoring
Drop Point
G.fast
FTTH
FTTB MDU
ONT
1 Mbps
30 Mbps
> 1Gbps
200 Mbps
1 Gbps
500 Mbps
100 Mbps
50 Mbps
10 Mbps
Optical
Fiber
vectoring

26
WHY OPERATORS MAY WANT PUSHING FIBER BEYOND CABINET
REDUCE COPPER OPEX
• Phase out copper feeder/
distribution cables if/where
copper maintenance is getting
expensive (degrading copper)
 Pro-active installation of
micro-nodes close to end-user
 Requires alternative for POTS
and network power feeding to
DPU (as no copper left from CO)
COMPETITION / BOOST SPEEDS
• Shorten copper loops – increase
speeds
• Deploy fiber as close to user as
possible
• Leverage fiber infrastructure
for future FTTH deployments
FACILITATE FTTH
• Avoid cost of entering the home
• Use micro-nodes where
deploying fiber is particularly
difficult
• Micro-nodes are simply a new
ONT option
 Typically used with reverse
power feeding and VoIP to GTW
FTT-ENTRY
Indoor
CPE
outdoor
DPU
DPUcabinet

27
G.FAST COEXISTENCE WITH XDSL
ADSLx
VDSL2
VDSL2
VDSL2
VDSL2
ADSLx
VDSL2
G.fast
VDSL2
G.fast
ADSLx
G.fast
G.fast
G.fast
G.fast
G.fast
VDSL2
G.fast
frequ
frequ
frequ
VDSL2
or
ADSLx
or
VDSL2
ADSLx
ADSLxADSLx
or
VDSL2ADSLx
or
cabinet
cabinet
cabinet
CO
CO
CO
dp
dp
1
2
3
copper
copper
copper
ADSLx
fiber
fiber
fiber
G.FAST WILL ALLOW FOR DIFFERENT START FREQUENCIES FOR COMPATIBILIY WITH ADSLx AND VDSL2

28
G.FAST BIT RATES
106 MHz profile
212 MHz profile,
future 2nd version of the standard
loss due to FM band
notching (example)
Displayed rates are single line rates
for idealized transceiver model ;
G.FAST BIT RATES DEPENDENT ON MANY FACTORS
Note: reach limitation due to CE (ISI / ICI) not taken into account.
Self-installation may take away a fair amount of capacity (bridged taps, noise pickup, …)
loop length [m] loop length [m]
SIMULATION SIMULATION

29
IMPACT OF CROSSTALK ON G.FAST BIT RATES
• At the very high frequencies used by
G.fast, crosstalk coupling can be much
stronger than in VDSL2 band
• Advanced vectoring techniques
required: Vector 2.0
 To get most bit rate out of G.fast
 To guarantee stability
 Processing speed per port 6 (12)
• ITU-T
 G.fast shall support vectoring
G.fast single line
Xtalk
G.fast vectored
Note: reach limitation due to CE (ISI / ICI) not taken into account
Displayed rates are rates for idealized
transceiver model assuming one 99%
worst-case crosstalker ;
G.fast non-vectored
loop length [m]
Aggregatenetdatarate[Mb/s]
G.FAST REQUIRES ‘VECTOR 2.0’
SIMULATION
17.7 – 106 MHz, vectored
17.7 – 106 MHz, non-vectored

30
G.FAST GIVES HUNDREDS OF MBIT/S OVER LEGACY TWISTED PAIRS
ALSO WORKS ON COAX
G.fast on twisted pair in overlay with VDSL2 17a G.fast equally works on coax
G.fast end frequ configured to 65 MHz to
avoid interference with CATV signal
Source: BT Labs in cooperation with ALU Source: test by ALU in operator lab

31
REMOTE EQUIPMENT POWERED BY THE END-CUSTOMER
• 1. Local powering
- Direct connection of node to power grid, at node’s location
- May not be available
• 2. Remote powering
- Distant powering from CO or other subtending node, reusing
unused twisted pair cables
- May not be available
• 3. Reverse Power Feeding (RPF)
- Power feed from the end-user
- Via CPE or dedicated power injection module
- Challenges for reverse powering with POTS
G.fast gateway
Subtending
node
DPU
unused copper pairs
fiber
Local powering
Remote powering Reverse powering
No need for mains power
at each remote equipment
Very limited power budget
Faster deployment

32
RPF IN STANDARDS
RPF STANDARDIZATION ONGOING IN ETSI
• Safety standards in-home
- Person safety:
- TNV-1/SELV  ELV Voltage = max 60V DC
[IEC 60950-1/IEC 61140]
- SELV protection measures [IEC 60950-1]
- Wire safety:
- 0.4mm and thicker: max current 1.3A DC
[EN 60950-1 §6.3]
- Device safety (including plugs,
enclosures,...):
- assuming max 15W power carried over
telecommunications network [IEC 60950-1]
- if >15W, different materials/tests/fire
enclosure needed for all elements subject
to the power [IEC 60950-1 § ]

33
G.FAST STANDARDIZATION: FUTURE WORK
• G.997.1 MIB parameters definition
- Configuration / Reporting / Performance monitoring
• Functionality shifted to amendments or version 2
- Low power modes: L2.1 & L2.2
- Variation over time of port impedance: required for vectoring stability
- Electrical characteristics (LCL, impedances, noise floors,…)
- MELT/SELT
- Non-linear precoding
- 212MHz profile
- G.fast bonding (if required)
- Diagnostics parameters (=DELT: Hlog...)
- Special Diagnostic INIT procedure
• Test plan definition:
- New project initiated for G.fast testing in BBF
- Project will also assess the need for a certification program for the G.fast technology

34
PODSUMOWANIE
Para miedziana oraz Coax nadal stanowi ogromną wartość przy wdrażaniu nowych
technologii optycznych
Wszelkie rozwiązania prowadzące do znacznego zwiększenia przepływności w
dostępie warto opierać o model z użyciem dostępu FTTdp
Krótko terminowo: VDSL2 + Vectoring jest najefektywniejszą drogą dającą czas na
podbudowę FTTx
G.fast – bardzo efektywny sposób dostarczania wysokiej przepływności w modelu
FTTdoor, FTTwall
G.fast DPU dostępne komercyjnie – ZAPRASZAMY NA NASZE STOISKO
V2.0



35
FTTH FTTCurb
FTTN1000s-
10000s
100s
FTTB
FTTH & CENTRAL OFFICE Custom solutionsMicro-nodes ONT
FTTN FTTCURB FTTB FTTPOLE FTTWALLFTTMANHOLE FTTHOME
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ULTRA-BROADBAND TOOLKIT
7360 ISAM FX-16/8/4 7302/7330 ISAM FD-16/8
Cabinets
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SFP ONTs
High-capacity FTTH Converged FTTH/DSL
7353 ONU
Modular
7363 MX-6
7356 REM
7353 CX-24V
Dense
7353 CX-16VPE
7353 CX-24VP
7367 SX-16V
Sealed
7367 SX-48V
MC2
Managed by 5520 Access Management System (AMS) and 5529 applications
7357 VSEM-D
NEW
NEW
NEW
NEW
NEW

PLNOG15: Access Network Technology Challenges - 2015 - Adam P. Grodecki

PLNOG15: Access Network Technology Challenges - 2015 - Adam P. Grodecki

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