The basics of the biomedical equipments, ECG, EMG, EEG, Pace maker, Defibrillator, Lasik, Robotics Surgery, ICU, Bio-Telemetry system, Plasma Medicine, etc are discussed and the video link of the topics are also given.

1. Biomedical
Equipments
Compiled by: Prof.G.B.Rathod
EC Department, BVM
Email: ghansyam.rathod@bvmengineering.ac.in

2. ECG Machine and Its lead
connections
• This test is usually done by a trained technicians.
• Small metal disks (electrodes) which have wires that
hook to an electrocardiograph machine are placed on the
chest as you lie on the exam table.
• A lubricating gel is applied on the chest to help sound
waves pass through the skin. The lubricating gel may feel
cold. Selected sites are shaved, if necessary.
• During the test, you may be asked to remain motionless
or hold your breath at times.
• The electrical activity is recorded as waves on a graph,
with different patterns corresponding to each electrical
phase of the heartbeat.
• Lets see how to perform ECG test using vesta 300i
Prof.G.B.Rathod, EC Dept.BVM-EC453 2

3. Block diagram of EMG
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Prof.G.B.Rathod, EC Dept.BVM-EC453

4. EMG Test
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Prof.G.B.Rathod, EC Dept.BVM-EC453

5. EMG Test
• Electromyography (EMG) is a diagnostic procedure that
evaluates the health condition of muscles and the nerve
cells that control them. These nerve cells are known as
motor neurons. They transmit electrical signals that cause
muscles to contract and relax. An EMG translates these
signals into graphs or numbers, helping doctors to make a
diagnosis.
• A doctor will usually order an EMG when someone is
showing symptoms of a muscle or nerve disorder. These
symptoms may include tingling, numbness, or unexplained
weakness in the limbs. EMG results can help the doctor
diagnose muscle disorders, nerve disorders, and disorders
affecting the connection between nerves and muscles.
• Lets see how to perform EMG test.
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Prof.G.B.Rathod, EC Dept.BVM-EC453

6. Brain and Brain Waves
• The brain is one of the
largest and most complex
organs in the human body.
It is made up of more than
100 billion nerves that
communicate in trillions of
connections called synapses.
• Lets see the parts and
functions of the human
brain
Prof.G.B.Rathod, EC Dept.BVM-EC453 6

7. Brain and Brain Waves
• Neurons are the building blocks of
the nervous system. They receive
and transmit signals to different
parts of the body. This is carried
out in both physical and electrical
forms. There are several different
types of neurons that facilitate
the transmission of information.
• Lets see basic working or neurons
Prof.G.B.Rathod, EC Dept.BVM-EC453 7

8. EEG
• An electroencephalogram (EEG) is
a test used to evaluate the
electrical activity in the brain.
Brain cells communicate with
each other through electrical
impulses. An EEG can be used to
help detect potential problems
associated with this activity.
• Lets understand the basic of EEG
measurement. Click here
Prof.G.B.Rathod, EC Dept.BVM-EC453 8

9. Pace Makers
• A pacemaker is a small device
that's placed in the chest or
abdomen to help control
abnormal heart rhythms. This
device uses low-energy electrical
pulses to prompt the heart to beat
at a normal rate. Pacemakers are
used to treat arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are problems with
the rate or rhythm of the
heartbeat.
Prof.G.B.Rathod, EC Dept.BVM-EC453 9

10. Block diagram of Early R-wave
Synchronous Pacemaker
Prof.G.B.Rathod, EC Dept.BVM-EC453 10
Click here to see the How pacemaker works.

11. Defibrillator
• Fibrillation is the rapid, irregular, and
unsynchronized contraction of muscle
fibers. An important occurrence is with
regard to the heart.
• Defibrillators are devices that restore a
normal heartbeat by sending an electric
pulse or shock to the heart. They are
used to prevent or correct an
arrhythmia, a heartbeat that is uneven
or that is too slow or too
fast. Defibrillators can also restore the
heart's beating if the heart suddenly
stops.
Prof.G.B.Rathod, EC Dept.BVM-EC453 11
Automated External
Defibrillator

12. Defibrillator Block Diagram
Prof.G.B.Rathod, EC Dept.BVM-EC453 12

13. Procedure to use Defibrillator
• Step 1: Turn the defibrillator on by pressing the green button and follow its instructions.
• Step 2: Peel off the sticky pads and attach them to the patient's skin, one on each side of
the chest, as shown in the picture on the defibrillator.
• Step 3: Once the pads have been attached, stop CPR and don't touch the patient.
• Step 4: The defibrillator will assess whether a shock is needed and if so, it will tell you to
press the shock button. An automatic defibrillator will shock the patient without prompt.
Do not touch the patient while they are being shocked.
• Step 5: The defibrillator will tell you when the shock has been delivered and whether you
need to continue CPR.
• Step 6: Continue with chest compressions and rescue breaths until the patient shows signs
of life or the defibrillator tells you to stop so it can analyse the heartbeat again.
• Lets see the CPR and use of Defibrillator. See this also . Click here
Prof.G.B.Rathod, EC Dept.BVM-EC453 13

14. Laser in Surgery(LASIK)
• LASIK or Lasik (laser-assisted in situ
keratomileusis), commonly referred
to as laser eye surgery or laser vision
correction, is a type of refractive
surgery for the correction
of myopia,hyperopia,
and astigmatism. LASIK surgery is
performed by
an ophthalmologist who uses
a laser or microkeratome to reshape
the eye's cornea in order to
improve visual acuity. For most
people, LASIK provides a long-lasting
alternative to eyeglasses or contact
lenses.
• Lets see How the Laser is useful in
surgery
Prof.G.B.Rathod, EC Dept.BVM-EC453 14

15. Laser
Surgery
Equipment
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Prof.G.B.Rathod, EC Dept.BVM-EC453

16. Robotic Surgery Equipment
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Prof.G.B.Rathod, EC Dept.BVM-EC453

17. Robotic Surgery
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Prof.G.B.Rathod, EC Dept.BVM-EC453
Robotic or Robot-assisted
surgery integrates advanced
computer technology with the
experience of the skilled
surgeons. This technology
provides the surgeon with a
10x magnified, high-
definition, 3D-image of the
body's intricate anatomy.

18. Robotic Surgical Procedure
• The surgeon uses controls in the console to manipulate
special surgical instruments that are smaller, as well as
more flexible and manoeuvrable than the human hand.
The robot replicates the surgeon's hand movements,
while minimizing hand tremors. The surgeon thus can
operate with enhanced precision, dexterity and control
even during the most complex procedures.
• Lets see the robots in medical domain.
Prof.G.B.Rathod, EC Dept.BVM-EC453 18

19. Intensive Care Unit(ICU) Equipments
• An intensive care unit (ICU), also known as
an intensive therapy unit or intensive treatment
unit (ITU) or critical care unit (CCU), is a special
department of a hospital or health care facility that
provides intensive care medicine.
• Intensive care units cater to patients with severe or life-
threatening illnesses and injuries, which require
constant care, close supervision from life support
equipment and medication in order to ensure normal
bodily functions.
Prof.G.B.Rathod, EC Dept.BVM-EC453 19

20. ICU
Equipmen
t
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Prof.G.B.Rathod, EC Dept.BVM-EC453
Lets see
How
ventilator
works

21. Biotelemetry System
• Biotelemetry is the use of telemetry methods in order to remotely
observe, document, and measure certain physiological functions in
human beings or other living organisms.
• The field consists of several subfields, including medical and
human research telemetry, animal telemetry, and implantable
biotelemetry.
• Medical telemetry is of particular note because it can be used to
remotely track the vital signs of ambulatory patients.
• Generally, a biotelemetry system used for this purpose measures
functions like body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, and
muscle movement.
Prof.G.B.Rathod, EC Dept.BVM-EC453 21

22. Biotelemetry system
• A biotelemetry system
consists of transmitter
and receiver. The
biotelemetry transmitter
and receiver block
diagram are shown here.
Physiological (EEG, ECG,
EMG, etc.) signals are
obtained by a suitable
transducer which is
amplified and subjected
to modulate the carrier
waves for transmission.
Prof.G.B.Rathod, EC Dept.BVM-EC453 22

23. Plasma Medicine
• Plasma medicine is an emerging field that combines plasma physics, life sciences and clinical medicine.
• It is being studied in disinfection, healing, and cancer. Most of the research is in vitro and in animal
models. It uses ionized gas (physical plasma) for medical uses or dental applications.
• Plasma, often called the fourth state of matter, is an ionized gas containing positive ions and negative
ions or electrons, but is approximately charge neutral on the whole.
• The plasma sources used for plasma medicine are generally low temperature plasmas, and they
generate ions, chemically reactive atoms and molecules, and UV-photons.
• These plasma-generated active species are useful for several bio-medical applications such as
sterilization of implants and surgical instruments as well as modifying biomaterial surface properties.
• Sensitive applications of plasma, like subjecting human body or internal organs to plasma treatment for
medical purposes, are also possible.
• This possibility is being heavily investigated by research groups worldwide under the highly-
interdisciplinary research field called 'plasma medicine
Prof.G.B.Rathod, EC Dept.BVM-EC453 23

24. Plasma Medicine
• Click here to see use of
plasma in medicine
Prof.G.B.Rathod, EC Dept.BVM-EC453 24

25. Thank You
Scan the QR Code for more information
Prof.G.B.Rathod, EC Dept.BVM-EC453 25