Presentation by Italian Students Etwinning Project " Mathematical Fermi Questions "

1. GOAL 5;
IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH

2. TARGET 2:
Achieve, by 2015,
universal access to
reproductive health.
TARGET 1:
Reduce by three
quarters, between
1990 and 2015, the
maternal mortality
ratio.

3. THE HIGH RISK OF DYING IN PREGNANCY OR CHILDBIRTH
CONTINUES UNABATED IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA AND
SOUTHERN ASIA.
In 2005 more than 500000
women died during pregnancy,
childbirth and in the six weeks
after the birth.
99% of these events occurs in
the developing countries but
86% of them in sub-Saharan
Africa and Southern Asia. In
these countries the risks of
dying during pregnancy and
childbirth occurs due to
complications that can be
treatable or preventable. The
ratio of deaths is one in 22 in
these countries while in the
developed countries it is 1 in
7300.

4. LITTLE PROGRESS HAS BEEN MADE
IN SAVING MOTHERS’ LIVES.
MATERNAL DEATHS PER 100000 LIVE BIRTHS,
1990 AND 2005
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Sub-SaharanAfrica
SouthernAsiaOceania
South-EasternAsia
W
easternAsia
NorthernAfrica
LatinAmerica&
Caribbean
CIS
EasternAsia
Developedregions
Developingregions
1990
2005
At the global level,
maternal mortality
decreased by less
than 1 per cent per
year between 1990
and 2005, but to
reach the target of
the 2015 we should
have a 5.5 per cent
of annual
improvement.

5. SKILLED HEALTH WORKERS AT DELIVERY ARE KEY TO
IMPROVING OUTCOMES.
• The work of
doctors,
nurses and
midwives could
contribute to
reduce
maternal
deaths.
• 61 per cent of
births in the
developing
word were
attended by
skilled health
personnel, up
from less than
half in 1990.
• It remains low
in Southern
Asia.
PROPORTION OF DELIVERIES ATTENDED BY SKILLED HEALTH CARE
PERSONELL, AROUND 1990 AND AROUND 2005
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Southern
Asia
Sub-
Saharan
South-
Eastern
Weastern
Asia
Northern
Africa
Latin
America&
CISAsia
Transition
countries
Eastern
Asia
CisEurope
Developing
regions
around1990
around2005

6. ANTENATAL CARE IS ON THE RISE EVERYWHERE.
PROPORTION OF WOMEN ( 15-49 )ATTENDED AT
LEAST ONCE DURING PREGNANCY BY SKILLED
HEALTH PERSONELL
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Southern
Asia
Northern
Africa
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
Weastern
Asia
South-
Eastern
Asia
Latin
America&
Caribbean
CISAsia
Developing
regions
around1990
around2005
* Antenatal care is
necessary to protect
the health of
mothers and
children.
* The proportion of
visits in the
developing word has
increased to three
fourths

7. ADOLESCENT FERTILITY IS DECLINING SLOWLY.
BIRTHS TO WOMEN 15-19 YEARS OLD, 1990, 2000
AND 2005 (NUMBER OF BIRTHS PER THOUSAND
WOMEN)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Sub-
Saharan
Latin
American
Oceania
Southern
Asia
Western
Asia
South-
Eastern
Northern
Africa
Transition
countries
CIS,Asia
CIS,
Europe
Eastern
Asia
Developed
regions
Developing
regions
1990
2000
2005
Adolescent
pregnancy
contributes to
maternal and
childhood
mortality.

8. ADOLESCENT FERTILITY IS DECLINING SLOWLY.
• In most developing regions adolescent fertility fell between 1990 and
2000 and remained steady or increased between 2000 and 2005.
• Adolescent fertility is high in Sub- Saharan Africa while the total
fertility has declined in the past 2 decades in many Latin American
coutries and the Caribbean and South-Eastern Asia.

9. AN UNMET NEED FOR FAMILY PLANNING UNDERMINES
ACHIEVEMENT OF SEVERAL OTHER GOALS
PROPORTION OF MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-49 YEARSWITH UNMET
NEED FOR FAMILY PLANNING, 1995 AND 2005 (PERCENTAGE)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Sub-Saharan
Africa
Transition
countries of
S.-E. Europe
Southern Asia CIS WesternAsia South-Eastern
Asia
Latin
American &
Carribean
Northern
Africa
1995
2005
*In sub-Saharan Africa, only one in four married women has an
unmet need for family planning.
*In Latin America and the Caribbeans 27 per cent of the poorest
households have an unmet need for family planning compared to 12
per cent of the wealthiest households.
*Unmet need for family planning is also especially high among young
women.

10. Project carried out by:
Miccoli Francesca
Dell’Acqua Marta
Pinoni Andrea
Maniscalco Antonino