waste and waste generation in different food industries

1. Types of Waste and
magnitude of waste
generation in different food
industries
Presented by: Pritika
Msc food sci. & tech

2. Food waste
• food waste is a food that is thrown away when it
could have been sold or eaten.
• It is also a waste of all the resources used to
grow, manufacture, transport & sell the food.

3. Avoidable & Unavoidable
food waste

4. Avoidable food waste:
• Include damaged stock & produce that hasn’t
been used before the ‘sell by’ , ‘use by’ or ‘best
before date’.
• Avoidable food waste also occurs as a result of
over-purchasing, poor preparation, or incorrect
serving sizes.
• This type of waste could have been prevented.

5. Unavoidable food waste:
• Waste arising from food or drink
preparation that is not and has not been
edible under normal circumstances.
• E.g. Peels, bones, shells & coffee grounds

6. Pre-consumer &
post-consumer
food waste

7. Pre-consumer food waste:
• Waste generated during the processing,
manufacturing & production of food prior to
the item being sold in shops, or served in
restaurants or cafes.
• Pre-consumer food waste may result from:
1. Overproduction
2. Spoilage, contamination & exceeding
expiry dates etc.

8. Post-consumer food waste:
• Post consumer food waste is the food that
is thrown away after it has been
purchased by the customer.
• Accounts for about 26% of the food waste.
• It is the waste generated by consumers.

9. Food industries generates large
amounts of wastes by-product that
contain highly variable or valuable
biologically active compounds.

10. Wastes of food industries are classified
according to the raw material which is
used:
1. Meat industry
2. Milk industry
3. Fruits & vegetable industry
4. Oil industry
5. Tea industry

11. Meat industry

12. Meat industry:
• The waste, is produced during slaughtering.
• Slaughter house waste consists of the portion of a
slaughtered animal that cannot be sold as meat or used
in meat-products.
• In this type of industry following are the waste:
Blood
Hair
Skin
Bones

13. • Has the potential for generating large quantities of solid wastes
and waste-water with a BOD of 600 milligrams per litre (mg/l).
• offensive odours may occur.
• The wastewater from a slaughterhouse can contain blood, manure,
hair, fat, feathers, and bones.
• The wastewater may be at a high temperature and may contain
organic material and nitrogen, as well as such pathogens as
salmonella and shigella bacteria, parasite eggs, and amoebic cysts.
• Smoking operations can release toxic organics into air.
Rendering is an evaporative process that produces a condensate
stream with a foul odour.

14. By-products from meat industry
& their utilization

15. • Body fat : are used as edible fat.
• Intestine: used in sausages, salami production as natural cover.
• Blood flour is produced from blood, bone flour is produced from bones.
• In medicine; anticoagulant heparin from lungs, spleen extract used in
the treatment of malaria, typhoid etc.
• Strings used in violins & other stringed instruments from the intestine,
various garments, tools, fur from the skin.
• Button, knife handle from bones. brush. floor covering, sweaters, head
ware from hair etc.

16. Milk industry

17. Milk industry
• Hardly any solid waste is produced by the dairy industry.
• The main solid waste produced by the dairy industry is
the sludge resulting from wastewater purification.
• There are figures available about the amount of sludge
production: in aerobic systems the sludge production is
about 0.5 kg per kg of removed COD and in anaerobic
systems about 0.1 kg per kg of removed COD.

18. • Wastewater from dairy industry may originate
from the following sources:
 Milk receiving
Wastewater results from tank, truck and storage tank
washing, pipe line washing and sanitizing. It contains
milk solids, detergents, sanitizers and milk wastes.
Whole milk products
Wastewater is mainly produced during cleaning
operations.
Cheese/Whey/Curd
Waste results mainly from the production of whey, wash
water, curd particles etc.

19. Butter/Ghee
• Butter washing steps produce wash water
containing buttermilk.
Air pollution in dairy industry
• In dairy plants air pollution is mainly caused
because of the need for energy. In the process
gasses may be discharged such as CO2, CO, NO
and SO2.

20. Fruits & Vegetable
industry

21. Fruits & vegetable industry
• Produces Two types of waste:
1. Solid waste includes peel, skin, seeds, stones etc.
2. Liquid waste includes juice & wastewater.
• Significant amounts of tomato waste are produced
at the growing & early processing stages of the
tomatoes grown by local growers.
• Covers of the fruits are not eaten, so waste quantity
is high.

22. Utilization
• Cover waste with fibre & residue is evaluated on
animal feed, cover oil production, pectin cover,
brandy & wine production.
• Waste of sugar factory is used generally as
animal feed.
• Sugar beet residue is used as raw material for
ethyl alcohol production as energy source.
• Grape pomace & other solid winery waste has
been used for the recovery of food ingredients,
nutraceutical & functional foods

23. Oil industry

24. Oil industry
• Waste include:
 oil cakes
 Solvent
lecithin which is waste from degumming
process
Soap which is waste from neutralization

25. Utilization
• Soaps are used in the detergents industry &
some of soaps are reacidified to obtain fatty acid.
• Vegetable oil contain 300-200ppm tocopherol,
and are used as an antioxidant also used in
cosmetic & drug industry.
• Acidified soap & steam refining distillate are
used in animal feed production.
• Biodiesel is an oxygenated fuel that is produced
by trans esterifying triglycerides.

26. Environment protection act
1986

27. Environment protection act
• An Act to provide for the protection and
improvement of environment.
• The Environment (Protection) Act is passed in march
1986 & was introduced after the Bhopal gas
tragedy during Rajiv Gandhi was the Prime
Minister
of our country.

28. Objectives
• Providing for the protection and improvement of
the environment
• Preventing environmental pollution in all its
forms
• To tackle specific environmental problems that
are peculiar to different parts of the country.

29. • To co-ordinate the activities of the various regulatory
agencies already in existence.
• To appoint environment officers to check
environmental pollution.
• To improve the quality of life by protection of
environment.
• To protect the forests and wildlife in the country

30. Lets make our world a
better place