1. MINERALS
Social Science
Holiday
work
Home

2. MINERALS
A mineral is a naturally occurring substance that
is solid and stable at room temperature, represent
able by a chemical formula, usually a biogenic, and
has an ordered atomic structure. It is different
from a rock, which can be an aggregate of minerals
or non-minerals, and does not have a specific
chemical composition. The exact definition of a
mineral is under debate, especially with respect to
the requirement a valid species be a biogenic, and
to a lesser extent with regards to it having an
ordered atomic structure. The study of minerals is
called mineralogy.

3. DIFFERENT KINDS OF MINERALS

4. TYPES OF MINERALS

5. METALLIC MINERALS

Metallic minerals contain metal in raw
form.Metals are hard substances that conduct
heat and electricity and have a characteristic
lustre or shine.Iron ore,bauxite,manganese and
chromites contain iron.

6. METALLIC MINERALS
Metallic minerals contain metal in raw
form.Metals are hard substances that
conduct heat and electricity and have a
characteristic lustre or shine.Iron
ore,bauxite,manganese and chromites
contain iron.

7. NON – METALLIC MINERALS

8. EXTRACTION OF MINERALS




Minerals can be extracted by;
Mining
Drilling
Quarrying

9. MINING

It is the process of taking out minerals from
rocks buried under the earth’s surface is called
Mining.

10. 2 TYPES OF MINING
 Open
– Cast Mining
Minerals that lies at shallow depths are taken out by
removing the surface layer is called as Open –Cast
Mining .
 Shaft
–Mining
Deep bores, called shafts have to be made to reach
mineral deposits that lie at great depths . This is called
shaft mining.

11. 2 TYPES OF MINING

12. DRISTIBUTION OF MINERALS
Minerals occur in different types of rocks.
 Some are IGNEOUS rocks , some in
metamorphic rocks while others occur in
sedimentary rocks.


13. CONTINENT – WISE DRISTIBUTION OF
MINERALS
ASIA



CHINA- IRON ,TIN ,ANTIMONy AND TUNGSTEN.
INDIA-IRON, MANGANESE, ZINC AND MANy OTHER
MINERALS.
INDONESIA & MALAySIA - THE CONTINENT PRODUCES
MORE THAN HALF OF WORLDS TIN.
EUROPE


IRON -ORE DEPOSITS- RUSSIA,UKRAINE,SWEDEN
AND FRANCE.
MINERAL DEPOSITS OF COPPER,LEAD
,ZINC,MANGANESE AND NICKEL ARE FOUND IN
EASTERN EUROPE AND RUSSIA.

14. CONTINENT – WISE DRISTIBUTION OF
MINERALS
NORTH



CANADIAN SHIELD-IRON –ORE, NICKEL,GOLD,URANIUM &
COPPER .
APPALACHIANS REGION-COAL
WESTERN CORDILLERAS-COPPER,LEAD,ZINC,GOLD AND
SILVER.
SOUTH




AMERICA
AMERICA
BRAZIL-IRON – ORE
COPPER-CHILE & PERU
SOUTH AMERICA-GOLD, SILVER,DIAMOND, ZINC,MICA &
CHROMIUM
MINERAL-OIL –VENEZUELA,CHILE,PERU&COLUMBIA

16. CONTINENT – WISE DRISTIBUTION OF
MINERALS
AFRICA

RICH MINERALS-DIAMOND,GOLDAND
PLATINUM.
AUSTRALIA
LARGEST PRODUCER IN BAUXINE.
 LEADING PRODUCER INGOLD
,DIAMOND,IRO –ORE TIN AND NICKLE.

ANTARTICA

IRON-ORE ,SILVER,GOLDAND OIL ARE ALSO
PRESENT IN COMMERCIAL QUANTITIES.

17. DRISTIBUTION IN INDIA

18. USES OF MINERALS
Minerals are used in many industries.
 Minerals which are used for gems are usually
hard.
 Copper is another metal used in everything from
coins to pipes.
 Silicon used in the computer industry is obtained
from the quartz.
 Aluminum obtained from it’s ore bauxite used in
is automobile ,airplanes etc.


19. CONSERVATION OF MINERALS
Minerals are non renewable resource.
 It takes 1000 of years for the formation and
concentration of Minerals.
 The rate of formation is much smaller than the
rate at which the humus consumes these
minerals.
 It is necessary to reduce wastage in the process
of mining.
 Re-cycling of metals is another way in which the
mineral resources can be conserved.


20. THANK YOU
BY
Preranaa Prasad VIII C