parts and working of hydro electric power plant

2. HYDRO POWER PLANT
Introduction
Components
Working principle
Advantageous
Disadvantageous
Site selection
Hydro power plant in india
Question
problem

3. HYDRO POWER PLANT
POTENTIAL
ENERGY KINETIC
ENERGY ELECTRICITY
Hydropower or hydroelectricity refers to the
conversion of energy from flowing
water into electricity

4. BLOCK DIAGRAM

5. COMPONENTS
• RESERVOIR
• DAM
• TRACE RACK
• FORE BAY
• SURGE TANK
• PENSTOCK
• SPILL WAY
• POWER HOUSE
• PRIME MOVER
• DRAFT TUBE

6. RESERVOIR
• The water reservoir
is the place behind
the dam where the
water is stored.
• The water in the
reservoir is located
higher than the rest
of the dam

7. DAM
• The dam is the most
important component of
hydro electric power plant
• The dam is built on a large
river that has abundant
quantity of water through
out the year.
• It should be built at a
location where the height
of the river is sufficient to
get the maximum possible
potential energy from
water

8. Inlet gates
• Intake or control
gates are the gates
built on the inside of
the dam .
• The water from
reservoir is released
and controlled
through these gates.
• Butterfly valve

9. Trace rack
• Trash rack is used in
preventing blockage and harm
of water pressure pipeline and
hydropower turbine runner
from the downstream of drift,
branches, leaves and debris
such as dirt when floods,
(winter in cold area with ice),
in order to avoid this kind of
contaminants into hydraulic
turbine system and affect for
hydro turbine operation.

10. FORE BAY
• It is small water reservoir at the each of
water passage from the reservoir and
before the water is feed to the penstock.
• It is temporary regulation reservoir .

11. Penstock
• Penstocks are like large
pipes laid with some slope
which carries water from
intake structure or reservoir
to the turbines.
• Steel or Reinforced concrete
is used for making
penstocks

12. Surge Tank
• A surge chamber or surge tank
is a cylindrical tank which is
open at the top to control the
pressure in penstock. It is
connected to the penstock and
as close as possible to the
power house.
• Whenever the power house
rejected the water load
coming from penstock the
water level in the surge tank
rises and control the pressure
in penstock

13. Spill way
• Excess accumulation of water
endangers the stability of
dam construction. Also in
order to avoid the over flow
of water out of the dam
especially during rainy
seasons spillways are
provided. This prevents the
rise of water level in the
dam. Spillways are passages
which allows the excess
water to flow to a storage
area away from the dam.

14. . Hydraulic turbine(Prime mover)
• The hydraulic turbine converts the energy of water into
mechanical energy. The mechanical energy(rotation)
available on the turbine shaft is coupled to the shaft of an
electric generator and electricity is produced.
• The water after performing the work on turbine blades is
discharged through the draft tube.
• The prime movers which are in common use are Pelton
wheel, Francis turbine and Kaplan turbine.

15. . Draft tube
• If reaction turbines are used, then draft tube is a
necessary component which connects turbine outlet
to the tailrace. The draft tube contains gradually
increasing diameter so that the water discharged into
the tailrace with safe velocity. At the end of draft
tube, outlet gates are provided which can be closed
during repair works.

16. Tailrace
• Tail water level is the
water level after the
discharge from the
turbine. The discharged
water is sent to the
river, thus the level of
the river is the tail
water level.

17. Working Principle
• It is the power generated by water, using its
gravitational force when it is flowing or falling. Water
is moved from a higher elevation point to a lower
elevation point through a large pipe.
• At the end, there is a turbine and the water spins it,
which moves the shaft, that moves the generator,
making electricity.
• This is how the plant changes the potential energy of
standing water to kinetic energy by moving it, then
converting it into mechanical energy which produces
electric energy.

18. Advantages of Hydroelectric power plant
• This power plant is a renewable energy source. The
water-energy can be used again and again.
• This is having high efficiency.
• The running cost of the Hydraulic turbine is less as
compared to other turbines.
• The environmental pollution system is negligible
here.
• The main advantages of the Hydraulic turbine are
that at the turbine place, the people can visit and
come across all the main parts in detail. This is like an
open system.

19. Disadvantages of Hydroelectric power plant
• This power plant Installation or Initial cost is very
high.
• This plant takes several decades to produces the
profit.
• The main disadvantages are that It can develop at
only a few sites or place where a good amount of
water is available.

20. Site Selection for Hydropower Plants
• Availability of Water
• Water Storage
• Head of Water
• Geological Investigations:
• Water Pollution:
• Sedimentation:
• Social and Environmental Effects:
• Access to Site
• Multipurpose