2. HISTORY
The word “History” was derived from
Greek word “Historia” which means
“Inquiry” or “Knowledge”.
The purpose of studying History was “ To
know about the past”.
History will help us to understand how
this Present evolved.
3. WHAT, WHERE, HOW
AND WHEN?
What happened?
Where it was happened?
How it was happened?
When it was happened?
4. Time frame of History:
Historians use chronological sequence
for a better understanding.
Birth of Jesus Christ has been taken as
year zero.
Any event before Christ is called Before
Christ (BC) and any event after the birth
of Jesus is called Anno Domini (AD).
5.
6. LETTERS WITH DATES:
BC, we have seen stands for ‘Before
Christ.’
You will sometimes find AD before dates.
This stands for two Latin words, ‘Anno
Domini’, meaning ‘in the year of the
Lord’.
So 2020 can also be written as AD 2020.
7. What can we know about
the past?
What people ate?
The kinds of clothes they wore,
The houses in which they lived.
We can find about the lives of Hunters, Herders,
Farmers, Rulers, Merchants, Priests, Crafts
persons, Artists, Musicians and Scientists.
We can also find out about the games children
Played, the stories they heard, the songs they sang.
9. River Narmada:
People lived along the
banks of Narmada
River for several
thousand years.
Gatherers
Collected food and
also hunted animals.
10. Sulaiman and Kirthar hills-
Northwest:
First began to grow
crops such as Wheat
and Barley- 8000
years ago.
Rearing animals like
Sheep, Goat and
Cattle.
Lived in village.
11. Garo hills to the North-East and the
vindhyas in central India:
Agricultural development.
Vindhyas- place where rice was first grown.
12. River Indus and its Tributaries:
4700 years
ago- earliest
cities
flourished on
the banks of
these river.
13. Ganga and its tributary son:
2500 years ago- cities started developing.
The South of the Ganga was know as Magadha now
lying in the Bihar.
Rulers were very powerful.
They setup large Kingdom.
14. People travelled from one place to
another place:
The hills, mountains, deserts, rivers and seas made
journeys dangerous at times, but never impossible.
People searched for their livelihood,
Escape from Natural disasters,
Conquering other’s lands,
Merchants travelled with Caravans or Ships, carrying
valuable goods,
Religious teacher walked from village to village, town
to town, stopping to offer instruction and advice on
the way.
Spirit of Adventure, wanting to discover new and
exciting places.
15. Names of the land:
Two of the words we often use for our country are
India and Bharat.
The word India comes from the Indus called Sindhu
in Sanskrit.
2500 years ago- Iranians and Greek called the river
Hindos or Indos.
The land to the east of the river was called India.
Bharat- Group of people lived in the North-west,
Mentioned in Rig Veda.
Rig Veda was a earliest composition in Sanskrit.
16. Finding out about the
past:
There are several ways to finding
out about the past. They are
•Archaeological
Source,
•Literary Source.
18. MANUSCRIPTS:
The books were written long ago were called
Manuscripts.
It’s a Latin word “ Manu”, meaning “Hand”.
These were usually written on Palm leaf or Bark of a
tree know as Birch, which grows in Himalayas.
19. • These books deals with all kinds of subjects:
Religious beliefs and
Practices,
Lives of kings,
Medicine and science,
Epics( Ramayana, Mahabratha
etc..),
Poems,
Plays.
•Written in Sanskrit, Prakrit and Tamil.
•It was preserved in Temples and Monasteries.
21. INSCRIPTIONS:
Written on Stone or Metal.
Sometimes, Kings got their orders
inscribed so that People could See,
Read and Obey them.
Kings records their victories in
battle.
22. •The study of human history and
prehistory through the excavation of
sites and the analysis of physical
remains
•They study the remains of buildings made
of stone and bricks, painting and sculpture.
•Find tools, weapons, pots, pans,
Ornaments and coins.
ARCHAEOLOGISTS:
23.
24.
25. HISTORIANS:
The person who study the past, often use the
word source to refer to the information
found from Manuscripts, Inscriptions
and Archaeology.
Once source are found, learning about the
past becomes an Adventure, as we
reconstruct it bit by bit.
So Historians and Archaeologists are like
detectives.
26. ONE PAST OR MANY?
We have used the word ‘pasts’ in plural to draw
attention to the fact that the past was different
for different groups of people.
FOR EXAMPLE: the lives of Farmers were
different from lives of kings and queen.
Even today, people followed different practice
and customs in different parts of the country.
27.
28.
29. •There was another kind of difference.
•Kings kept their records of their victories.
•But, ordinary people such as Hunters,
Fisher man, Farmers did not keep records
of what they did.
•While, archaeology helps us to find out
about their lives, there is much that remains
unknown.
30. ROSETTA INSCRIPTION:
Rosetta is town on the North coast of
Egypt.
Scholars who could read Greek figured
out that the names of Kings and Queen
were enclose in the little frame, called a
Cartouche.
