Migration of corperate networks from ipv4 to ipv6 using dual stack in this you will be learning about internet protocols of version4 & 6.And also about OSI layers and their architecture and coding to the routers

1. DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING
A Mini Project Presentation
On
MIGRATION OF CORPORATE NETWORKS FROM IPV4TO NEW GENERATION
IPV6 USING DUALSTACKMETHOD
Presented By :
K.PRAVEEN REDDY

2. MIGRATION OF
CORPORATE
NETWORKS FROM
IPV4 TO NEW
GENERATION IPV6
USING DUAL STACK
METHOD

3. CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION MODELS
 OSI MODEL
 IPV4 NETWORKS
 IPV6 NETWORKS
 MIGRATION OF IPV4 TO IPV6 USING DUAL STACK
METHOD

4. COMMUNICATION
MODELS
TCP-IP
OSI
MODEL
 7 LAYER NETWORK  4 LAYER NETWORK

5. (End to end connections
Reliability)
(path determination)
Packets
Bits
Data
OSI MODEL TCP-IP MODEL

6. Application layer
 Network process to application
Example: Google chrome, Mozilla Firefox etc.
Presentation layer
 Data representation & encryption
• Coding to 1’s and 0’s
• It puts in to specified format or sequence
Example: HTTP( Hyper Text Transfer Protocol),SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol).
Session layer
 Interhost communication
• Syncronization takes place
• Managing multiple computers data seperately
• Coordinates communication between the systems
Example: Online banking pages.(for money transaction)

7. Transport layer
 end to end connections and reliability
• In this layer the whole data is broken down into segments
• Each segment has header
H segment
Source
port
Destination
port
• Two important protocols in transport layer
1)Transmittion Control Protocol (TCP) 2)User Data Protocol (UDP):

8. NETWORK LAYER
 Path determination & IP logic addressing
• Here the data segments are divided into packets
• To reach destination it requires certain guidance.so ROUTERS are used
• It is responsibility of network layer to make sure that the packets reach destination
is called ROUTING
INTERFACE
SIP DIP PACKETS
Logical address (IP address)
• IPV4
• IPV6
Physical address (MAC address)
media access control
Information going
out & coming in

9. DATALINK LAYER
 MAC address
• Error detection & data flow control
PHYSICAL LAYER:-
 Media,Signal & Binary Transmission (BITS)
Example: Ethernet cable.
FRAMESSMAC DMAC

10. WORKING ON OSI MODEL

12. • IPV4 has 32-bits
• The way of writing IP address is a “Doted Decimal Format”
____:____:____:____
Eg:- 192.168.1.8
11000000.10101000.00000001.00001000
• IP address are divided into different classes
CLASS A 0 to 127
CLASS B 128 to 191 one to one communication (Unicast)
CLASS C 192 to 223
CLASS D 224 to 239 one to many communication (Multicast)
CLASS E 240 to 255 one to several communication (Broadcast)

13. SUBNETTING
• A subnetwork or Subnet is a logical subdivision of an IP network.
• The practice of dividing a network into two or more networks is
called Subnetting
Network ID : 192.168.1.240/28
Subnet mask : 255.255.255.0
Broadcast ID : 192.168.1.240
Range : 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.239

14. DRAWBACKS:-
• Running short of address
• Manual configuration is
required
• Class ports addressing
system
(too many hosts)
• Dotted decimal format
not suitable for mobile
network
• Header length are variable

16. • It has 128 bits
• So the number of addresses are
2^128 = 340282366920938463463374607431768211455
• It is represented in hexadecimal format
• It has 8blocks, each consists of 16bits
_______ : _______ : _______ : ________ : _______ : ______ : _______ : _______
Network prefix Host prefix
• Example : 2001:DC0:A910::
1010 /1001 /0001/ 0000

17. Rule – 1
 Leading zeros are ignored
Example: 2000:0000:0000:ABCD:0234:0000:0000:0000
2000:0:0:ABCD :0234:0:0:0
Rule – 2
 Consecutive can be replaced with (::) double colon but only once
Example: 2000:0000:0000:ABCD:0234:0000:0000:0000
2000:0:0:ABCD:0234:0:0:0
2000::ABCD:234:0:0:0
RULES OF IPV6

18. TYPES OF ADDRESS
UNICAST
ADDRESSING
ONE TO ONE
NETWORKS
MULTICAST
ADDRESSING
ONE TO MANY
NETWORKS
ANYCAST
ADDRESSING
MANY TO MANY
NETWORKS

19. Subnetting
• In IPv4 for subnetting we are borrowing host bits
• In IPv6 for subnetting no need to barrow host bits
Example:2000::/48
Network bits : 48 Host bits : 16
2^16 =65k bits are kept aside for subnetting.
• The merging of many networks into single network is superneting.16 bits are
used for Supernetting
_____:_____:_____:_____:_____:_____:_____:_____

20. Auto configuration
• Auto configuration is a good feature in IPv6
Example:2000::1/64 to router interface
• The next 64 host bits router will give to computer
• The IP address is configured automatically
2000::1:EUI64

21. HEADER
In IPv4 header contains many fields mainly SIP(source IP) &
DIP(destination IP)
In IPv6 it eliminates fields that are unneeded or and adds fields
that provide better support for real time traffic
HEADER
IPV-4 IPV-6
 Header contains 20 bytes
 No built in security
 There is traffic loss
 Header 40 bytes are fixed
 Built in security
 No traffic loss

22. ADVANTAGES
• More efficient routing
• More efficient packet
processing
• Directed data flows
• Simplified network
configuration
• Support for new services
• More secure

24. In order to communicate with ipv4 to ipv6 networks following methods are used
> DUAL STACK METHOD
> TUNNELING

• IPv4 packet is encapsulated in an IPv6 packet when it enters into IPv6
region
Client (IPv4) Server (IPv4)
IPv6
REGION

25. • The Dual Stack Router, can communicate with both the networks. It
provides a medium for the hosts to access a server without changing
their respective IP versions
DUAL STACK METHOD :
Source Server IP networks (IPv4/IPv6) Destination

26.  Length of address : 32 bits
 Represented in Doted Decimal
notation
 It is optionally secured
 Manually configured
 No packet flow identification
 Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is
available to map IPV4
addresses to MAC addresses
 Number of address = 2 ^32
~ 4,294,697,296(aprox)
 Length of address : 128 bits
 Represented in Hexadecimal notation
 It is inbuilt secured
 Automatically configured
 Packet flow identification is available
within the IPV6 header using the Flow
Label field
 Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is
replaced with a function of Neighbor
Discovery Protocol (NDP)
 Number of address = 2^128
~340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,
431,728,211,456 (approx)
IPv4 IPv6

28. The thesis discusses the approach of IPv6 over the limited IPv4 in Internet world
where users have increased rapidly. It also compares the consequences and
features of transition from IPv4 to IPv6. Transition methods with their
configuration and challenges that come forward during each transition process, are
also documented in this thesis. A practical approach of various transition methods
led to the conclusion that dual stack remains more popular and practical with low
cost in implementation and supported by wide range of devices. Transition
methods, like tunneling and translation, are not optimally supported for the
networks during a transition from IPv4 to IPv6 although these tools are provided
by IETF to make the transition easier. Thus, dual stack seems the preferable
method to begin adopting IPv6 with upgradable devices in order to securely
manage the exiting IPv4 Infrastructure. This transition incurs minimal impact on
customers, as they do not have to move IPv6 overnight and can deploy and
migrate to IPv6 when they are ready.

29. Most of the Internet Service Providers, and web companies are enabling
IPv6 permanently for their customers and services. Since World IPv6 launch
began on 6 June 2012, global IPv6 traffic has grown by 500%. If this trend
continues, in less than four years, half of the Internet users will connect with
IPv6.
The main purpose of the thesis is to discuss the progress of IPv6 over the
depletion of IPv4 along with features including its advantages and
disadvantages. It aims to discover the best solution for a transition method
and factors affecting IPv6 implementation, which is solely based on the data
collected from different sources. Transition techniques are presented in this
thesis elaborated with configuration and challenges. The thesis concludes
that using an option like dual stack is a good possible solution since the NAT
(Network Address Translation) transition appears less user friendly and has
been discouraged by network operators with elapse of time.
FUTURE SCOPE

30. ANY
QUERIES?

31. THANK
YOU