2. GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING
GUIDANCE:-
MEANING:-
Guidance means to indicate , to point, to show the
way and to direct.
Definition:-
According to Ruth Strong
“ Guidance is the process of helping every
individual , through his own efforts , to
discover and develop hi potentialities for his
personal happiness and social usefulness.”
“ OR”
3. ACCORDING TO HAMRIN & ERILKSON:-
“Guidance is an assistance made available by a competent
counselor to an individual of any age to help ,develop his
own point of view, make his own decision & carry his own
burden.”
Characteristic of Guidance:-
1. It is a continuous process
2. It is a service meant for all
3. It is both generalized and specialized services
4. It is a life long process
5. It is a slow process
6. It is developed insight of an individual
4. NEED FOR GUIDANCE:-
Individual differences
Welfare state of the individual
Changed economic pattern
Conservation of human energy
Make good citizenship
5.
6. 1. EDUCATIONAL GUIDANCE:-
According to jones “Educational Guidance is concerned
with assistance to be provided to the pupils which is
expected for their adjustment in the school selection of
curriculum and school life.”
Objectives of educational guidance:-
1. To monitor the academic progress of the students.
2. To acquaint the students with the prescribed curriculum .
3. To identify the academically gifted backward , creative
and other category o special learning.
4. To assist students in getting information about future
education.
5. To diagnose the learning difficulties of students and them
over come the some problem.
7. NEED OF EDUCATIONAL GUIDANCE
Diversify courses:-
The need of educational guidance is felt only where there are
various types of courses to choose or where the school are
multilateral ones.
Failure:-
Such student need to be treated with sympathy second chance
must be given, parents, teachers, and educational experts give
all guidance to keep well motivated and help them to come
back in the mainstream.
Unsatisfactory progress and undesirable behaviour:-
Educational guidance is all the more needed when the student
do not show satisfactory progress or develop undesirable
modes of behavior in a particular course. It is essential to guide
them and show them the right path.
8. • INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCE:-
There are large number of children in the school in a
class each child is different from the other in abities
and interest .educational guidance helps them to select
right course according to his abilities.
2. Vocational guidance:-
According to myers
“vocational guidance is the process of assisting the
individual to do for himself certain definite things
pertaining to his vocation.”
9. NEED OF VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE
Wrong profession and economic & psychic loss:-
If an individual stays in a wrong profession for long time,
then he suffers economically, psychologically. There is a
financial loss the individual not happy, he is frustrated his
family life is affected.
Economic advantages:-
Vocational guidance provides many economical to the
employers there problem are fewer because the workers
enjoy job satisfaction.
Health point of view :-
It is needed from the point of view of health of the
workers ,if the profession is such where health of worker
breaks down, production suffers and morale of workers
goes down.
10. 3. PERSONAL GUIDANCE:-
Personal guidance assist the individual to adjust with
psychological & social environment .it is solve the emotional &
psychological problems.
Need of personal guidance:-
It required for personal adjustment
Essential for developing individual competence
avoiding the interpersonal tensions and conflicts.
setting up a harmonious environment between
family life and vocational life of an individual.
Taking decisions with regard to personal problem.
Bringing happiness peace and satisfaction in the of
an individual.
11. 4. HEALTH GUIDANCE :-
To learn to use health facilities and equipment in school.
- To develop proper health habits:-
Personal cleanliness
Good grooming
Proper use of toilet
- To develop good eating habits like:
Washing hands before and after eating
chewing food slowly and properly
Being happy when eat
5. Economic guidance:-
For those individual who have difficulty managing
their financial affairs or meeting their own basic needs , we
offer economic guidance include trusts, representative ,
payeeships , and bill pay services.
12. COUNNSELING
Definition:-
According to Perez ( 1965):-
“Counseling is an interactive process conjoining
the counselee who need assistance and the
counselor who trained and educated to give this
assistance.”
“OR”
According to Bridle (1952) :-
“Individual counseling is a face to face
interview process n which the counselor assists the
counselee in resolving his problems and earning
more adaptive behaviours.”
13. NEED OF COUNSELING
To help the cline to accept actual changes resulting from
stress.
To encourage and develop special abilities and right
attitudes.
To assist the students in planning for educational and
vocational choices.
To help the student to work out a plan for solving his
difficulties.
To motivate the students for self employment
To helps in the total development of the students.
Purposes of counseling:-
To give the student information on matters important
to his success.
To help the student in solving his problem.
14. • TO ESTABLISH MUTUAL UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN
STUDENT AND TEACHER.
To help the students to known his interests
abilities ,attitudes.
To encourage and develop special abilities and
right attitudes.
15.
16. TYPES OF COUNSELING
1. Directive counseling:-
The counselor direct the client to take step in order
to resolve his conflict.
_ It is based on assumption that the client cannot solve
his problems for lack of information.
_ The counselor plays on important role he tries to
direct the thinking of counselee by informing
explaining interpreting and advising.
2. Non- directive counseling:-
Non- directive or client centered counseling is the process
of skillfully listening to a counselee , encouraging the
person to explain some problems and helping him or her
to understand those problems and determine courses of
action.
17. 3. ECLECTIC COUNSELING:-
Eclectic counseling is a type of counseling which
is neither counselor centered nor client centered
but a combination of both.
Here the counselor is neither to active as in
directive counseling , but follow a middle course.
4. Individual counseling:-
Individual counseling is a cooprative and
respectful process between therapist and client
to facilitate change as a client you will be
provided a safe , confidential and supportive
environment.
18. 5. RELATIONSHIP COUNSELING:-
Relationship are central to our psychological
health. Healthy and supportive relationship with
friends, family or partners are associated with
increase psychological well being and reduced
level of depression and stress.
6. Family counseling:-
Family therapy can help marriage couples and
families with stand the stress that comes along
with some of life’s challenge .
19. TOOLS OF COLLECTING INFORMATION OR
TECHNIQUES OF COUNSELING:-
There tools may be considered under the following
categories.
1. Non- testing tools
2. Psychological test
1. Non- testing tools
Interview
Observation
Anecdotal records
Cumulative record card
2. Psychological test
20.
21. GUIDANCE COUNSELING
1. Overall programme 2. It is a part of guidance
2. Generalized &
pogramme
2. Specialized programme
3. Descriptive phase
deals in guidance
3. Descriptive and analysis
phase deals in counseling
4. Any one can involve
the programme
4. Specialized person can
involve the programme
5. It is give the direction
for the problem
5. It is give to solution to the
problem
6. It operate intellectual
level of the individual
6.It operate at emotional level
of the individual
7. It is based on 7. It is based on problem
