1. Understanding Status of Drinking Water and Sanitation in Rural Gujarat Indira Hirway & Subhrangsu Goswami CEPT University Ahmedabad

2. Introduction

9. Status of Drinking Water in Gujarat Overview and Emerging Issues

11. Regional Dimension of Availability Source: IRMA, 2001

12. Arid and Semi Arid Zones of Gujarat Source: Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur Arid Region Semi-Arid Region

16. Multiple Contaminants Source: http://cgwb.gov.in/gw_profiles/st_Gujarat.htm (viewed on 20th October 2010) Contaminants Districts affected (in part) Salinity (EC > 3000 µS/cm at 25 ° C) Ahmdabad, Amreli, Anand, Bharuch, Bhavnagar, Banaskantha, Dohad, Porbandar, Jamnagar, Junagadh, Kachchh, Mehsana, Navsari, Patan, Panchmahals, Rajkot, Sabarkantha, Surendranagar, Surat, Vadodara (20 Districts) Fluoride (>1.5 mg/l) Ahemdabad, Amreli, Anand, Banaskantha, Bharuch, Bhavnagar, Dohad, Junagadh, Kachchh, Mehsana, Narmada, Panchmahals, Patan, Rajkot, Sabarkantha, Surat, Surendranagar,Vadodara (18 Districts) Chloride (> 1000 mg/l) Ahmedabad, Amreli, Bharuch, Bhavnagar, Banaskantha, Porbandar, Jamnagar, Junagadh, Kachchh, Dohad, Patan, Panchmahals, Sabarkantha, Surendranagar, Surat, Vadodara, Rajkot (17 Districts) Nitrate (>45 mg/l) Ahemdabad, Amreli, Anand, Banaskantha, Bharuch, Bhavnagar, Dohad, Jamnagar, Junagadh, Kachchh, Kheda, Mehsana, Narmada, Navsari, Panchmahals, Patan, Porbandar, Rajkot, Sabarkantha, Surat, Surendranagar,Vadodara, (22 Districts)

20. Regional Share of RWSS Source: GWSSB,2000

28. Project Coverage

34. Results of Primary Survey

35. Basic Facilities in Sample Villages Region No. of Sample Villages All weather approach road in village (%) Bus facility (%) Electri city facility (%) Dry Areas 90 83.3 58.9 48.9 Plains Northern 120 95 77.5 65 Plains Southern 40 75 52.5 32.5 Saurashtra 149 87.2 69.8 45 South Eastern 137 86.1 60.6 22.6 Total 87.1 66 43.5 536

36. Sources of Water Supply for Drinking and Domestic Use

37. Distribution of Water Supply within Villages Regions No. of Villages Villages with Sump as the main source % of villages with Sump as Main Source % of HH using Stand post % of HH using Household connection Dry Areas 90 19 21.11 11.40 59.75 Plains Northern 120 17 14.16 10.80 72.27 Plains Southern 40 10 25.00 10.31 68.88 Saurashtra 149 40 26.84 12.25 60.47 South Eastern 137 16 11.67 14.36 21.34 Total 536 103 19.21 12.24 53.06

39. Dependability of Sources

41. Sources (where quality tested) with quality problem

43. Percentage of villages reported health problem due to poor quality of water

45. Payment of Water Charges

46. Reason for not paying Water bill and Electricity Charges

47. Payment of Water Charges by Households

52. Status of Sanitation in Gujarat

59. Table 1 Targets and Achievements in TSC in Gujarat as on 25/2/2011 Households covered under individual toilets Project Target Project Achievements % Achievements BPL 2046857 1851682 90.46 APL 3331630 2115194 63.49 Total 5378487 3966876 73.75 HH Covered under SCW 1671 1743 104.31 Toilets in Schools 28617 25763 90.02 Toilets in Balvadi 23460 23740 101.19 RSM PC 168 365 217.26

60. Table 1 Targets and Achievements in TSC in Gujarat as on 25/2/2011

61. Table 1 Targets and Achievements in TSC in Gujarat as on 25/2/2011

62. Table 2: Expenditure incurred on TSC in Gujarat as on 25/2/2011 (Rs. Lakhs) (Source:MORD) Approved Expenditure % Achievements IHHL 42141.59 23490.85 55.74 Sanitary Complex 1941.22 1611.31 83.01 School Toilets 6462.08 4923.98 76.20 Anganwadi Toilets 1236.91 1077.06 87.08 Start up expenditure 198.84 232.48 116.9 Admin 1738.54 1190.59 68.48 IEC 4954.57 2530.90 51.08 Total 58673.8 35057.2 59.74

63. Table 2: Expenditure incurred on TSC in Gujarat as on 25/2/2011 (Rs. Lakhs) (Source:MORD)

64. Table 2: Expenditure incurred on TSC in Gujarat as on 25/2/2011 (Rs. Lakhs) (Source:MORD)

65. Table 3 Use and non-use of toilets and bathrooms in Gujarat(Source: Primary Survey ) Region name Total No. of HH No. of HH Own toilet in village No. of HH public toilet No. of HH use open place No. of HH Own bathroom in village No. of HH Chokadi bathroom No. of HH use open place Toilet Bathrooms Dry Areas 11450 2772 983 7695 9379 1900 171 % 24.2 8.6 67.2 81.9 16.6 1.5 Plains Northern 43777 16368 26 27383 31790 4199 7788 % 37.4 0.1 62.6 72.6 9.6 17.8 Plains Southern 8666 3222 130 5314 3714 752 4200 % 37.2 1.5 61.3 42.9 8.7 48.5 Saurashtra 44109 18302 537 25047 24333 6497 13279 % 41.5 1.2 56.8 55.2 14.7 30.1 South Eastern 41082 13648 1686 25658 20577 3544 16961 % 33.2 4.1 62.5 50.1 8.6 41.3 Total 149084 54312 3362 91097 89793 17658 41633 % 36.4 2.3 61.1 60.2 11.8 27.9

66. Table 3 Use and non-use of toilets and bathrooms in Gujarat(Source: Primary Survey )

67. Table 3 Use and non-use of toilets and bathrooms in Gujarat(Source: Primary Survey )

68. Table 4 Types of Toilet facility used by households Region Total No. of HH Total No. of HH have Toilet facility No. of HH have pit latrine No. of HH have pour-flush latrine No. of HH have lift waste latrine Dry Areas 28325 4908 4452 456 0 % 90.71 9.29 0.00 Plains Northern 71834 17632 13134 4498 % 74.49 25.51 0.00 Plains Southern 13218 4333 4129 162 42 % 95.29 3.74 0.97 Saurashtra 51998 11313 10120 1192 1 % 89.45 10.54 0.01 South Eastern 60122 9767 9357 410 % 95.80 4.20 0.00 Total 225497 47953 41192 6718 43 % 85.90 14.01 0.09

69. Table 4 Types of Toilet facility used by households

70. Table 4 Types of Toilet facility used by households

71. Table 5 Arrangement for Disposal of Waste Region name Total No. of Villages Villages with arrangement for Waste Waste used manure Waste disposed in pond/lake Dry Areas 90 16 13 3 % 81.25 18.75 Plains Northern 120 34 12 22 % 35.29 64.71 Plains Southern 40 9 6 3 % 66.67 33.33 Saurashtra 149 45 41 4 % 91.11 8.89 South Eastern 137 16 14 2 % 87.50 12.50 536 87 63 24 % 72.41 27.59

72. Table 5 Arrangement for Disposal of Waste

73. Table 7 Household level Arrangement for disposal of other solid waste Region name Total No. of HH No arrangement Throw waste on Ukarda Use dustbin Burn waste Dry Areas 21025 10101 10002 420 502 % 48.04 47.57 2.00 2.39 Plains Northern 50544 22904 21586 2123 3931 % 45.31 42.71 4.20 7.78 Plains Southern 9449 7191 1759 149 350 % 76.10 18.62 1.58 3.70 Saurashtra 55230 31524 21341 1449 916 % 57.08 38.64 2.62 1.66 South Eastern 43153 14238 25810 1391 1714 % 32.99 59.81 3.22 3.97 179401 85958 80498 5532 7413 % 47.91 44.87 3.08 4.13

74. Table 7 Household level Arrangement for disposal of other solid waste

75. Table 8 Village Level Arrangement for Disposal of Other Solid Waste Region name No. of Villages Throw / dump on Ukarda Use waste for land filling Use for manure Burn the waste No Arrangement Dry Areas 90 49 2 21 12 25 % 54.44 2.22 23.33 13.33 27.78 Plains Northern 120 78 10 31 28 29 % 65.00 8.33 25.83 23.33 24.17 Plains Southern 40 28 9 4 7 7 % 70.00 22.50 10.00 17.50 17.50 Saurashtra 149 109 9 61 26 17 % 73.15 6.04 40.94 17.45 11.41 South Eastern 137 100 2 25 45 24 72.99 1.46 18.25 32.85 17.52 535 364 32 144 118 102 % 68.04 5.98 26.92 22.06 19.07

76. Table 8 Village Level Arrangement for Disposal of Other Solid Waste

77. Table 8 Village Level Arrangement for Disposal of Other Solid Waste

78. Table 9 Household Arrangement for disposal of liquid waste Region name Total No. of HH No arrangement2 Drainage Throw in pond/lake Dry Areas 21025 10177 1690 9158 % 48.4 8.0 43.6 Plains Northern 50544 13638 24017 12889 % 27.0 47.5 25.5 Plains Southern 9449 1805 6344 1300 % 19.1 67.1 13.8 Saurashtra 55230 21160 22558 11512 % 38.3 40.8 20.8 South Eastern 43153 19011 12332 11810 % 44.1 28.6 27.4 Total HH 179401 65791 75133 38477 % 36.7 41.9 21.4

79. Table 9 Household Arrangement for disposal of liquid waste

80. Table 10 Village Level Arrangement of Disposal of Liquid waste Region name Data No arrangement Drainage Throw in pond/lake Dry Areas 90 61 6 3 % 67.78 6.67 3.33 Plains Northern 120 54 37 20 % 45.00 30.83 16.67 Plains Southern 40 28 11 3 % 70.00 27.50 7.50 Saurashtra 149 82 45 10 % 55.03 30.20 6.71 South Eastern 137 100 19 3 % 72.99 13.87 2.19 Total Villages 535 325 118 39 % 60.75 22.06 7.29

81. Table 10 Village Level Arrangement of Disposal of Liquid waste

82. Table 12 Performance of Gujarat in NGP Year NGP Villages GP BP ZP 2005 1 - - 2006 4 - - 2007 576 - - 2008 739 - - 2009 350 - - Total 1670 - -

83. Table 13 Government programmers Implemented in Selected Villages Region name Data TSE prog. Nirmal gram yojana Eco sanitation Other (NREGA/ Water Shed) scheme Dry Areas 90 35 21 0 1 % 38.9 23.3 0.0 1.1 Plains Northern 120 54 35 4 6 % 45.0 29.2 3.3 5.0 Plains Southern 40 20 10 2 1 % 50.0 25.0 5.0 2.5 Saurashtra 149 74 49 12 13 % 49.7 32.9 8.1 8.7 South Eastern 137 49 29 2 1 % 35.8 21.2 1.5 0.7 Total Villages 536 233 145 21 23 % 43.6 27.1 3.9 4.3

84. Table 13 Government programmers Implemented in Selected Villages

85. Table 15 Village level committees for water and sanitation Region name No. of Gram Panchayat No. of Health Samiti No. of Sanitation Samiti No. of Priv. contractor No. of Other (PHC, etc.) Total Dry Areas 68 23 16 4 129 % 52.71 17.83 12.40 0.00 3.10 100.00 Plains Northern 104 62 40 1 2 244 % 42.62 25.41 16.39 0.41 0.82 100.00 Plains Southern 29 11 3 1 49 % 59.18 22.45 6.12 2.04 0.00 100.00 Saurashtra 115 44 25 3 1 200 % 57.50 22.00 12.50 1.50 0.50 100.00 South Eastern 78 53 35 2 7 200 % 39.00 26.50 17.50 1.00 3.50 100.00 Grand Total 394 193 119 7 14 822 % 47.93 23.48 14.48 0.85 1.70 100.00

86. Table 15 Village level committees for water and sanitation

87. Table 15 Village level committees for water and sanitation

92. Thank You