Energy Efficient Lightning Systems- India

Energy Efficient Lighting
Systems
Prajit Kumar Datta- 11BEM0105
Energy Audit & Management Presentation (Summer Sem)
Guided by: Prof. Karthikeyan A.K.

Introduction
India is facing significant growth in electricity demand and could benefit greatly
by using energy efficient lighting systems. The need of the hour for the country is
secured, affordable and environmentally sustainable energy to meet the
ambitious National Programme of “Power to all by 2012”.
Lighting is the most visible form of electricity consumption and lighting load in
our country is very high about 17-18% of total load. By increasing the efficiency of
lighting system, there can be significant energy saving and reduction in peak
load. There is a scope for reducing about 30 to 35 % of the morning and evening
peak demand.
Prajit Kumar Datta - 11BEM0105 (prajitkumar.datta2011@vit.ac.in)

Scheme for Promoting Energy Efficiency in India :
Bachat Lamp Yojana
 The 'Bachat Lamp Yojana' aims at the large scale replacement of incandescent bulbs in households by CFLs. It
seeks to provide CFLs to households at the price similar to that of incandescent bulbs and plans to utilize the
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol to recover the cost differential between the
market price of the CFLs and the price at which they are sold to households.
 The Bachat Lamp Yojana is designed as a public-private partnership between the Government of India, private
sector CFL suppliers and State level Electricity Distribution Companies (DISCOMs). The CFL suppliers would
sell high quality CFLs to households at a price of Rs. 15 per CFL within a designated project area in a DISCOM
region of operation. The CFL supplier will be chosen by the DISCOM through a due diligence process from a
list of CFL suppliers empanelled by BEE. Under the scheme, 40 watt, 60 Watt and 100 Watt incandescent
lamps will be replaced with 9-11 Watt, 13-15 Watt and 20-23 Watt CFLs respectively.

Best Practices in Lighting Systems
A. Installation of energy efficient fluorescent lamps (T-5) in place of
conventional fluorescent lamps(T-12).
B. Installation of Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs) in place of incandescent
lamps.
C. Installation of LED panel indicator lamps in place of filament lamps.
D. Installation of high frequency (HF) electronic ballasts in place of conventional
magnetic ballasts.
E. Use of high efficacy light sources for reducing the energy consumption for
lighting .
F. Solar Lighting Systems are providing to be a viable option in rural India
because it involves no moving parts, low maintenance, and are simple to
operate.

Merits of LED lamps & demerits of filament lamps
• Demerits of Conventionally filament
lamps are as follows:
High energy consumption (15
watt/lamp).
Failure of lamps is high (operating
life less than 1,000 hours).
Very sensitive to the voltage
fluctuations.
• Merits of the LED lamps over
Conventionally filament lamps are as
follows:
Lesser power consumption (0.5-0.8
watt/lamp).
Longer operating life (more than
1,00,000 hours).
Withstand high voltage fluctuation
in the power supply.

Merits of high frequency electronic ballasts
over conventional magnetic ballasts
• Energy savings about 30 to 50 %.
• Lights instantly.
• Improved power factor (more than 0.90 power factor).
• Less heat dissipation, which reduces the air conditioning load.
• No audible humming sound.
• No stroboscopic effect.
• Operates in low voltage.
• Less in weight.
• Increases the life of lamp.

Characteristics of light source
 Efficacy
 Color rendering
 Color temperature
 Size
 Life
 Cost

Factors affecting the lighting system design
• Use of high efficacy light source
• Use of more efficient luminaries
• Selective switching
• Utilization of daylight
• Luminaries of higher space to height ratio
• Higher reflectance surfaces of the room
• Visual task analysis
• Task oriented lighting.

Solar Lighting Systems
 The Solar Lighting Systems are available in the basic categories which are as follows:
(A) Solar lanterns (B) Solar street lighting systems (C) Solar home lighting systems
 The solar lanterns are portable units which can be easily moved to any place where lighting
is necessary. The lanterns are available with a 10 or 12 Wp photovoltaic module and a 7 W
CFL. It can be used for 3 to 4 hours per day after charging it for a day under normal
insolation of 2-3 kWh/day.
 The solar street lighting systems are available with a 70 Ah Battery. It has an automatic
dusk to dawn Controller, with at least 3 days of back up power in case of low insolation
regime.
 The solar home lighting systems are available with basic configuration of either 2 × 9 W
CFLs or 2 × 11 W CFLs, with a 40 Ah Battery capable of operating for three to four hours per
day. A small DC Fan of 20 W capacity can also be opted for.

Energy Conservation Measures
in Lighting Systems
• Use of LED lamps for indicating lamps will reduce the energy consumption.
• Use of compact fluorescent lamps in place of incandescent lamps, reduce the
lighting energy by 70%.
• Use of mirror optic fluorescent lamps increases the lighting level considerably.
• Use of HPSV lamps in place of MPSV lamps reduce the energy consumption by
60%
• As the lighting level is inversely proportional to square of the distance, optimizing
the height of lamp will aid in reduction of lighting energy.

Energy Conservation Measures
in Lighting Systems Contd…
• Use of electronic ballasts for discharge lamps, reduce energy consumption by 20%
• Installation of intelligent lighting controller will help in controlling the lighting energy.
• Use of photo sensor switch for street light controlling helps in conserving the lighting energy.
• Installation of auto cut-off switch to put off lights during lunch
hours at the office buildings will reduce the lighting energy.
• At street lights, in many places, the reflectors inside the HPSV fitting are damaged, it is
suggested to replace the fittings with anodised aluminium reflectors. This will improve the
lighting level by 20-25%.

Why should people use CFLs?
• Switching from traditional light bulbs (called incandescent ) to CFLs
will help to use less electricity at home and prevent greenhouse gas
emissions that lead to global climate change.
• Lighting accounts for close to 20 % of the average home’s electric
bill.
• CFLs, last upto 10 times longer, cost little up front
• Provide a quick return on investment.

Do CFLs contain mercury?
• CFLs contain a very small amount of mercury sealed within the glass tubing - an
average of 4 milligrams .By comparison the older thermometers contain about
500 milligram of mercury – an amount equal to mercury in 125 CFLs .
• Mercury is an essential part of CFLs; it allows the bulb to be essential part of light
source.
• No mercury is released when bulbs are intact or in use .Most makers of light bulb
have reduced mercury in their fluorescent lighting products.
• Thanks to technology advances the average mercury content in CFLs has
dropped at least 20 % in the past year. Some manufacturers have even made
further reductions, dropping mercury content to 1.4-2.5milligrams per light bulb.

What precaution should take when using CFLs in
home?
CFLs are made of glass and can break if dropped or roughly
handled. Be careful when removing the bulb from packaging,
installing it, or replacing it. Always screw or unscrew the light bulb
by its base (not the glass ), and never forcefully twist the CFL into
light socket .If a CFL breaks in your home follow the clean up
recommendations given by Bureau of Energy Efficiency.

Key Product Features of CFLs
 Low electrical consumption as compared to conventional
lighting products
 About 80% energy saving over incandescent bulbs.
 Long life up to 10,000 hours.
 It can operate within 130-280 V range.
 Low cost of maintenance.
 High luminous efficiency.
 Available in different colors to create desired ambience.
 Lamps designed for power factor higher than 0.85.
 Mercury content within the CFLs (Maximum Limit being
less than 5mg).

What is LED?
• LED is a light emitting semiconductor diode that emits light in
forward direction or in the direction it is pointed towards.
• LEDs are most often used in the form of an indicator light in
electronic devices, traffic signal lights, musical instruments and
dashboards in cars and in houses, etc.
• The color of the light produced by LED depends on the composition
of the semiconductor material used out of which producing a blue
color light is the most difficult process.
• The nature of the light emitted can be visible, infrared or ultraviolet.

Lifespan of a LED light bulb
• Most modern LEDs are undergo superior design and manufacturing process that
gives them a lifespan of up-to 1,00,000 hours, compared with 10,000 for a
compact fluorescent and 1,000 for an incandescent bulb.
• Lifespan of a LED bulb could come down due to the amount of heat a LED
produces. This directly depends on die temperature and ambient temperature of
the LED.
• Some LED light bulbs show sign of age after a couple of years of use and may
produce only 50% of the light output when compared to what it used to produce
when it was new. However new technologies are in process to enhance its
performance over its life span.

Power consumption of LED light bulbs
• Most modern LED operate in a range of 2 to 4 volts and consume
anywhere between 350mA and 1500mA. The power consumption
varies from manufacturer to manufacturer and also because of the
purpose for which the LED was designed.
• Another factor that affects power consumption of LEDs is for the
fact that LEDs can not be dimmed.
• Now a days using latest of the LED manufacturing technology,
manufacturers are able to produce LEDs that are not only super
bright but also consume less power while producing light of higher
intensity.

Benefits of using LED light bulbs over standard light bulbs
• Power consumption of LED light bulb is only 10% of the standard light bulb.
• LED light bulbs withstand great amount of vibration, shock and temperature variations.
• LED light bulbs are 10-60 times more energy efficient than incandescent light bulbs.
• Incandescent light bulbs produce light that flickers whereas LED light bulbs produce flicker free
light.
• LED bulbs can produce many rich and vibrant colors when compared to incandescent light bulbs.

Key Product Features of LED light bulbs
• Low electrical consumption as compared to conventional lighting products.
• Pollution free due to non-emission of infra red or ultraviolet
rays, mercury gases or other harmful rays.
• Do not have ballasts thus, no interference.
• Existing fixtures used since long are used making installation
of our lights easy.
• Operates on universal input range.
• Due to long shelf life, no maintenance is required.
• Lasts 5 to 10 times longer than other conventional lighting
products virtually eliminating the need for frequent
replacement.
• Reduces Carbon Footprints at large scale making it viable to
earn carbon credits.
• Suitable for all types of applications.

Energy Snippets
 In Energy Snippets, the various upcoming Projects of Solar Power Plants in West Bengal Raj Bhawan, Solar Hub in Andhra
Pradesh, replacement of incandescent bulbs with compact fluorescent lamps by the Dakshin Haryana Bijli Vitran Nigam
(DHBVN), Haryana and also implemented scheme in Indian Railways under Energy Conservation and Clean Development
Mechanism (CDM) through Renewable Energy Resources have been highlighted .
A. CFLs on the bright track in Indian Railways :It plans to replace the incandescent bulbs with Compact
Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs) in all its residential quarters, production units and workshop across the country and
It will be registered under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM).
B. Mandatory for Haryana Industries :The Dakshin Haryana Bijli Vitran Nigam (DHBVN) has made it mandatory
for all the industrial units (both high tension and low tension) and their residential colonies, hospitals, street
lighting, to replace the conventional bulbs with the energy efficient CFLs and T-5 tube lights or induction
bulbs.

Energy Snippets Contd…
C. Andhra Pradesh ‘Blazes’ ahead on Solar Plans:
The Andhra Pradesh plans to develop the state into a major solar hub in the country at a fast pace , with the
government announcing the setting up of a Cluster of solar farms at Kadiri in Anantapur district, 5000 acres land
have been enmarked in Kadiri which would now be referred to as the ‘Solar city’. Four companies, namely
Hyderabad- based Lanco Solar and Titan Energy, and US- based Sun borne and AES Solar, have together
pledged investments to the tune of Rs. 3000 crore to set up 2000 MW of solar- based power generation
facilities in the solar city.
D. Solar Powered LED Lights in West Bengal Raj Bhawan:
In West Bengal Raj Bhawan has planned to illuminate with 12 Solar Powered LED Lights. The Rs.1.0 crore project
envisages building a 50kW grid interactive Solar Photovoltaic Power Station in Raj Bhawan along with a
installing a 2000 lt. solar heating system and switching over to energy efficient LEDs. The Project is funded by
the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Govt. if India, New Delhi and is expected
to be completed by March, 2011. [Source: Green Energy, WISE, Nov.-Dec.2009]

Changing Scenario of Lamps

Conclusions
 Use of energy efficient lamps like CFL, LED, T-5 fluorescent lamp, etc lead
to enormous amount of energy savings which is estimated as 50 to 80%.
 Electronic gears of conservation of energy like electronic ballast saves
energy within the range of 10 to 20%.
 Solar lighting systems such as Lanterns, Street Lights, Home Lights, etc.
can be effectively used, especially in areas of where lighting is required for
shorter duration. This will not only lead to energy conservation but also
encourage use of non-conventional and environmental friendly energy
system.

• t
Thank you

Energy Efficient Lightning Systems- India

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