The document discusses the global and Indian steel industry. It provides an overview of world steel production trends from 1900-2007, with China becoming the top producer in 2007. India is the 5th largest steel producer. The document also outlines India's growth in the steel sector since the early 1900s, the impact of economic reforms in 1991, and expectations for continued future growth in India's economy and steel consumption.

1. • Overview
• Indian Economy Outlook
• Production Pattern
• Consumption pattern
• Export
• Indian production scenario
• Economic parameters

2. Global Scenario
&
Indian Steel Industry
• INTRODUCTION
• BACKGROUND PERSPECTIVE
• GROWTH OF INDIAN STEEL SECTOR
• OUTLOOK FOR INDIAN ECONOMY
• WORLD STEEL PRODUCTION (IN MT)
• COUNTRY WISE STEEL PRODUCTION (2009)
• THIRTY LARGEST STEEL COMPANIES OF THE WORLD
• APPARENT USE OF STEEL (IN KG/PERSON/YEAR)
• YEARWISE WORLD CONSUMPTION OF STEEL (IN
KG/PERSON/YEAR)
• CONSUMPTION OF STEEL IN INDIA (IN KG/PERSON/YEAR)
• CONSUMPTION PATTERN OF STEEL IN INDIA (IN
KG/PERSON/YEAR)
• SECTORWISE COMPOSITION OF CONSUMPTION OF STEEL IN
INDIA
• EXPORT AND IMPORT TREND IN INDIA (IN ‘000 TONNES)
• ECONOMIC INDICES
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3. Introduction
Though Iron and steel have been used by men for almost 6000 years, yet
the modern form of iron and steel industry came into being only during
the 19th century. The growth and development of iron and steel industry
in the world until the Second World War was comparatively slower. But
the industry has grown very rapidly after the Second World War. World
production of steel, which was only 28.3 million tonnes (MT) in 1900, rose
to 695 MT by 1992. The oil crisis of the seventies affected the entire
economy of the world including the steel industry. The position started
improving after 1983 and peaked at 780 MT in 1989. World Steel
production is around 1322MT in 2007.
Background Perspective
The history of Indian integrated Steel Plants dates back to 1907-08 when
the Tatas set up a steel plant (TISCO) with an installed capacity of
1,00,000 tonnes p.a. at Jamshedpur,. Marketing of Iron & Steel was then
governed by the natural market forces of demand and supply. It was only
in 1923 - 24 that the GOI initiated actions to protect Indian Steel industry
from the stiff competition from imported steel. Rolling units started in
late 1920s and in 1946 there were32 registered units with a capacity of
140,000 TPA . Shortage of bars / rods in late 50’s forced the Govt. to
encourage the growth of re-rollers and by 1946, 431 registered units
came into existence with a total capacity of 4.7 million tonnes. On the eve
of independence India had three integrated Steel Plants viz... Tata Iron &
Steel Company, Mysore Iron & Steel Works (MISW)and Indian Iron &
Steel Company. The real boost to steel production in India began during
second to fourth five year plan when integrated steel plants under public
sector were set up (Durgapur,Rourkela & Bhilai) and for their
management, Hindustan Steel Ltd. was formed. HSL Plants ( Rourkela ,
Durgapur)came during 1960’s followed by Bokaro Steel Ltd which was
incorporated as a separate company in July,1964 and Rastriya Ispat
Nigam Ltd ( Vishakapatnam Steel Plant) in 70’s.In 1973, SAIL came into
existence amalgamating all the three ISPs of HSL and BSL. In due
course, IISCO,MEL,,VISL(MISW) also came under SAIL as subsidiaries and
subsequently VISL & IISCO were merged with SAIL. With the
commencement of production in Rourkela and Bhilai in Feb,1959, sales
unit s were setup at these plants and a commercial division was formed
at HSL HQ at Ranchi to organize the sales of the company. In early 60’s ,
the Export and By- product Division started functioning from Calcutta. An
important development in Indian Steel Industry scenario was setting up
of Joint Plant Committee(JPC) of the main producers under the
chairmanship of Iron & Steel Controller w.e.f. 1st March, 1964 based
on the recommendations of RAJ committee.On 1st May, 1967, GOI
decided to effect complete control on Iron& Steel and place the
distribution and pricing of all categories of Iron & Steel under the
jurisdiction of JPC. The system continued till April 1982.The prices of Iron
& Steel were being fixed with the approval of GOI through JPC. During
1970s and 1980s the marketing of materials produced by the main
producers ( SAIL, TISCO, IISCO, RINL) continued to be governed by the
prices and distribution guide lines issued by JPC. High import duties,
acute shortage of foreign exchange, no objection certificate ( issued by
Iron & Steel controller) required for import , policy restricting private
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4. enterprises to invest in integrated plants or expand capabilities etc
offered a protected market for the main producers. Hence the marketing
function was confined to distribution of Iron & Steel strictly in terms of the
guidelines and prices laid down. This situation alienated the steel
industry from competitive forces.The economic reforms introduced in 1991
totally transformed the steel sector. GOI realized the importance of
growth & development of steel industry and took the following steps :
1. In 1992, steel was removed from the list of industries reserved for
public sector
2. SDF and levies on engineering goods export assistance funds were
also removed.
3. Delicensing of steel industry and allowing private sector to set up
steel plants.
4. Price and distribution decontrolled on main producers w.e.f. Jan
1992.
5. Significant reduction in customs duty
6. Changed in credit policy
7. New liberalized import / export policies.
The above policy measures not only injected intense competition but
also ushered in an era of growth and development of Indian Steel
Industry which reflected in 18% average growth during 1994-95 and
1995-96.During 1980s the integrated steel plants went for modernization.
Post liberalization era added some more private players as secondary /
Mini Steel producers viz... Essar Steel, Ispat , JVSNL, Bhusan etc.The year
1996-97 witnessed a slow down in steel consumption which fell short by
1.8 million tonnes as against projected 2.4 million tonnes which can
mainly be attributed to low investment in infrastructure sector, slow
procurement of raw material by the govt. due to fund shortage and Lower
growth in major steel intensive segment. The market was witnessing
intense competition arising mainly out of availability exceeding demand.
Greater availability of steel, low growth rate of economy than projected ,
cheaper imports etc were putting tremendous pressure on the steel
prices which has eroded the margins and has seriously affected the
bottom lines of Indian Steel firms including SAIL. India is currently
ranked as the 7th largest steel producer in the world. This sector is one of
the biggest revenue earners for Railways.
Global Scenario
International steel sector is reflecting the global trends in business
environment. The early years of the 21st century have set the pattern for
the future. Asia has increased its share of production. Although
consumption of steel is likely to increase in most regions of the world in
the medium term, growth in industrialized nations is likely to be much
slower than the average growth in demand across the world. Developing
countries and the emerging economies are likely to have the fastest rate
of growth in steel demand in the future.
In the developed world, the EU is expected to experience stagnant
demand in the medium term, while the NAFTA block is likely to see low
positive growth in consumption. In Japan, demand for steel has steadily
declined in recent years due to restrictions on Government spending in
construction projects as well as weak consumer demand. A modest growth
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5. is anticipated in the manufacturing and building sectors as the economic
performance improves. However, the medium term projection is for a
reduction in overall
steel consumption in Japan. Amongst the developing economies, China
requires special mention. China’s apparent consumption of finished steel
during 1996 was 97 million tonnes, which amounted to around 15% of
world finished steel consumption. However, by the year 2007, China’s
consumption figure reached a staggering 310 million tonnes, accounting
for around 30% of the total world finished steel consumption. China’s
steel consumption is still growing at a fast pace and as per IISI estimates;
the figure may touch 650 million tonnes during 2008-09. The rapid rise in
Chinese steel consumption is attributed mainly to sterling economic
growth and construction activity in the build-up for the 2008 Olympics as
well as the trade exposition planned in 2010. According to a preliminary
medium term forecast by the IISI, finished steel consumption in the world
is expected to cross a billion tonnes by 2008. However, despite the growth
in consumption there are apprehensions of excess production as
compared to global demand. As per the estimates by the WSD, world
crude steel production, stands today more than 1 billion tonnes a year and
is expected to cross 1.130 billion tonnes by 2010. As the trend in the
world is towards producing low cost steel by using more environmental
friendly means, steel producers worldwide are adopting new technologies
like Corex and Compact Strip Casting, adopting alternate routes like
Electric Arc Furnace instead of the traditional Blast Furnace-Basic Oxygen
Furnace route, as well as importing raw materials like coke.
Growth of Indian Steel Sector
India is amongst the cheapest producers of hot metal in the world. The
cost advantage mainly arises from the abundant availability of cheap and
good quality iron ore. Besides, overall manpower cost is also low.
However, these advantages are nullified to some extent due to low labour
productivity, high energy & power costs and high finance charges. The
expansion plans of steel majors are likely to put tremendous pressure on
the availability of inputs and infrastructure resources within the country.
The nation is endowed with large iron ore reserves, but their development
and exploitation would require huge resources. Besides, the effects on the
environment where virgin areas are being exploited needs to be
addressed. Availability of coking coal is expected to remain a serious
constraint. Coking coal supplies from public sector coal companies have
been declining over the years, leading to higher imports. Traditional
coking coal and coke suppliers such as China have also curtailed exports
in order to feed their expanding iron & steel industry. The steel industry
needs to remain competitive by improving efficiency across the entire
value chain in an integrated manner. Hence, logistics would be an
important area of concern for the steel industry. This involves
development of ports, smoother transportation to and from ports,
rationalization of inland freight charges as well as better road movement
facilities. During the early 90s, the Sponge Iron industry was especially
promoted to provide an alternative material to steel melting scrap, which
at that time was increasingly becoming scarce. Since then India has
emerged as one of the largest producers of Sponge Iron. This provides
good opportunities to steel industry as a substitute of scrap. Considering
the erratic power supply position in the country as well as high power
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6. tariffs, rising scrap prices and plentiful indigenous iron ore reserves would
mean that the most suitable steel making technology for India would be
the integrated route.
Outlook for Indian Economy
After witnessing rapid strides during the years after the liberalization
process was set in motion, India’s GDP grew at an average rate of 5.2 %
during the period 1998-99 to 2002-03. However, there was a break from
the trend in 2003-04, during which the economy is estimated to have
grown at more than 8 %. The economy is expected to continue on a high
growth path with continued macroeconomic stability. Over the years there
has been a downward trend in interest rates accompanied by moderate
inflation and adequate liquidity in the economy. Infrastructure
development has been a focus area for the Govt. in recent years. In the
road and highway network, India is witnessing development of multiple-
lane, safe and well designed inter state highways. Recently the Govt. has
announced a planned outlay for the rural road and highway network
development.
The Golden Quadrilateral Project is an ambitious project that would
connect the four major metros via state of the art highways. The East-
West and North-South corridors would link up the remotest parts of the
country. The Govt. is also planning to facilitate investments in sea-ports
and airports in a major way. Concessions in the form of tax rebates etc. to
boost investment in the housing sector, as well as falling interest rates
have made available cheap home finance loans and have given a thrust to
the housing sector. A rise in depreciation rates for vehicles, excise duty
reduction and low interest rates has given a major boost to the
automobile sector. From a negative production growth rate of 2% during
2000-01, the automobile sector has recorded a growth of 18% during
2002-03 and 15% during 2003-04. The capital Goods sector which had
shown a declining trend from the year 1998-99, came back strongly
during 2002-03, growing at the rate of 10.6%. The strong growth of the
capital goods sector has continued in 2003-04. Given the strong
fundamentals and stability in key macro economic aggregates, the
average GDP growth during the year 2004- 05 to 2007-08 is about 8%.
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7. WORLD STEEL PRODUCTION (IN MT)
World Steel
Prodn
Prodn
Year (in MT)
2001 850.3
2002 903.9
2003 969.7
2004 1068.7
2005 1146.2
2006 1250
2007 1351
2008 1327
2009 1220
COUNRTYWISE WORLD STEEL PRODUCTION (IN MT)
Rank Country/Region 2007 2008 2009
— World 1,351.3 1326.5 1,219.7
— European Union 209.7 198.0 139.1
1 People's Republic of China 494.9 500.5 567.8
2 Japan 120.2 118.7 87.5
3 Russia 72.4 68.5 59.9
4 United States 98.1 91.4 58.1
5 India 53.1 55.2 56.6
6 South Korea 51.5 53.6 48.6
7 Germany 48.6 45.8 32.7
8 Ukraine 42.8 37.1 29.8
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8. Rank Country/Region 2007 2008 2009
9 Brazil 33.8 33.7 26.5
10 Turkey 25.8 26.8 25.3
11 Italy 31.6 30.6 19.7
12 Taiwan 20.9 19.9 15.7
13 Spain 19.0 18.6 14.3
14 Mexico 17.6 17.2 14.2
15 France 19.3 17.9 12.8
16 Iran 10.1 10.0 10.9
17 United Kingdom 14.3 13.5 10.1
18 Canada 15.6 14.8 9.0
19 South Africa 9.1 8.3 7.5
20 Poland 10.6 9.7 7.2
21 Malaysia 6.9 6.4 6.0
22 Austria 7.6 7.6 5.7
23 Belgium 10.7 10.7 5.6
24 Egypt 6.2 6.2 5.5
25 Australia 7.9 7.6 5.2
26 Netherlands 7.4 6.8 5.2
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9. Rank Country/Region 2007 2008 2009
27 Thailand 5.6 5.2 5.0
28 Saudi Arabia 4.6 4.7 4.7
29 Czech Republic 7.1 6.4 4.6
30 Kazakhstan 4.8 4.3 4.1
31 Argentina 5.4 5.5 4.0
32 Venezuela 5.0 4.2 3.8
33 Slovakia 5.1 4.5 3.7
34 Indonesia 4.2 3.9 3.5
35 Finland 4.4 4.4 3.1
36 Sweden 5.7 5.2 2.8
37 Romania 6.3 5.0 2.7
38 Belarus 2.4 2.6 2.4
39 Luxembourg 2.9 2.6 2.2
40 Greece 2.6 2.5 2.1
— Others 29.8 28.3 23.3
(est.) (est.) (est.)
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10. COUNTRY WISE STEEL PRODUCTION (2009)
2009
Country in MT %age
China 567.8 46.5
Japan 87.5 7.2
USA 58.2 4.8
Russia 60 4.9
India 62.8 5.1
Skorea 48.6 4.0
Germany 32.7 2.7
Ukraine 29.9 2.5
Brazil 26.5 2.2
Turkey 25.3 2.1
Others 220.5 18.1
Top 30 largest steel­producing companies in the world
(according to the World Steel Association)
Company Crude Steel
No Company Logo Country Company Picture
Name Output (MT)
1 ArcelorMittal Luxembourg 103,300,000
2 Nippon Steel 37,500,000
Japan
3 Baosteel 35,400,000
China
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11. Company Crude Steel
No Company Logo Country Company Picture
Name Output (MT)
4 Posco 34,700,000
South Korea
Hebei Iron &
5 33,300,000
Steel Group China
6 JFE Holdings Japan 33,000,000
Wuhan Iron
& Steel
7 27,700,000
Group China
(Wisco)
8 Tata Steel 24,400,000
India
Jiangsu
9 Shagang 23,300,000
Group China
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12. Company Crude Steel
No Company Logo Country Company Picture
Name Output (MT)
10 U.S. Steel 23,200,000
USA
Shandong
11 Iron & Steel 21,800,000
Group China
12 Nucor 20,500,000
USA
13 Gerdau 20,400,000
Brazil
14 Severstal 19,200,000
Russia
15 Evraz Group 17,700,000
Russia
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13. Company Crude Steel
No Company Logo Country Company Picture
Name Output (MT)
16 Gruppo Riva 16,900,000
Italy
Anshan Iron
17 & Steel 16,000,000
Group China
18 Thyssenkrupp 15,900,000
Germany
Maanshan
19 Iron & Steel China 15,000,000
Company
Sumitomo
20 Metal 14,100,000
Industries Japan
Steel
21 Authority Of 13,700,000
India (SAIL) India
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14. Company Crude Steel
No Company Logo Country Company Picture
Name Output (MT)
Shougang
22 12,200,000
Group China
Magnitogorsk
Iron And
23 12,000,000
Steel Works Russia
(MMK)
Novolipetsk
24 Steel 11,300,000
(NLMK) Russia
Hunan Valin
25 11,200,000
Steel Group China
China Steel
26 11,000,000
Corporation Taiwan
Techint
27 10,400,000
(Tenaris) Luxembourg
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15. Company Crude Steel
No Company Logo Country Company Picture
Name Output (MT)
Iranian Mines
& Mining
28 10,000,000
Industries Iran
(IMIDRO)
Industrial
Union of
29 9,900,000
Donbass Ukraine
(ISD)
Hyundai
30 9,800,000
Steel (HSC) South Korea
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16. APPARENT USE OF STEEL (in mmt est. 2009)
ASU - 2009 in mmt
Apparent Use of steel (ASU) in mmt
Country Cons Regions 2008 2009
Skorea 49.5 EU (27) 181.5 129.2
Japan 60.8 Other Europe 28.9 21.5
Canada 11.6 CIS 50 38.4
EU 129.2 NAFTA 129.7 88
China 404.4 Central and South America 43.6 37.6
USA 61.8 Africa 25.3 25.2
Middle East 39.8
Middle East 42.8 39
Asia and Oceania 693.8 637.4
Russia 27.5
World 1,197.40 1,018.60
WORLD 1018.62
BRIC 537.6 505.9
India 53.5
World (excl. BRIC) 659.8 512.7
Africa 26.1 World (excl. China) 771.8 614.2
Top Coking Coal Exporters (2009)
Australia 125Mt USA 34Mt Indonesia 30Mt
Canada 21Mt Russia 11Mt Poland 2Mt
Major Coking Coal Importers (2009)
Japan 52Mt Germany 6Mt
PR China 35Mt United Kingdom 5Mt
India 23Mt France 4Mt
South Korea 21Mt Chinese Tapei 3Mt
YEARWISE WORLD CONSUMPTION OF STEEL (in kg/person/year)
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17. World per
capita
Consumption
Year in kg
2001 135.5
2002 142.7
2003 148.4
2004 162.1
2005 170.7
2006 184.1
2007 195.1
2008 196.4
2009 179.5
COUNTRYWISE CONSUMPTION OF STEEL IN 2009 (in kg/person/year)
Per
capita
Consu
mption
Country in kg
South Korea 936
Chinese Taipei 491
Japan 419
PR China 405
Germany 345
USA 187
Russia 176
Brazil 93
India 48
World 179
CONSUMPTION OF STEEL IN INDIA (in kg/person/year)
per capita
Year Cons. in kg
2001 26.8
2002 28.4
2003 30.1
2004 31.6
2005 35.2
2006 39.6
2007 43.4
2008 47.3
2009 47.1
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18. India's Population Growth
1400
1200
1000
Population (in m illions) --->
800
600
400
200
0
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Total 1010 1093 1175 1256 1331
Under 15 361 368 370 372 373
15 to 64 604 673 747 819 882
Sr. Citizen 45 51 58 65 76
Year --->
CONSUMPTION PATTERN OF STEEL IN INDIA (in kg/person/year)
National Steel Consumption Pattern
300
national
Year Rural Urban average
2005 2.1 77 33 250
Consumption of Steel (in kg/person/year) --->
2008 2.9 112 48
2012 4.36 168 105 200
2020 7.4 284 155
150
100
50
0
2005 2008 2012 2020
Year --->
Rural Urban national average
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19. SECTORWISE COMPOSITION OF CONSUMPTION OF STEEL IN
INDIA
Sectorwise Consumption of
Finished Steel 2009-10 Industry Wise Consumption
Sector %age (in MT) 2009-10
Construction & Industry Cons
Infrastructure 59 Automobile 6.5
Manufacturing 13 Construction 23.5
Automobile 11 House Hold Appliances 2.4
Others 17 Manufacturing 7.1
Railways 3.2
Other manufacturing 3.9
Other secondary and
end users 12.2
RINL Company 2009
4.6% (Installed (%)
SAIL capacity)
20.4%
SAIL 20.4
RINL 4.6
Secondary Secondary 37.8
producers Producers
37.8%
other Others 37.2
Integrated
main TOTAL 100.0
producers
37.2%
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20. EXPORT AND IMPORT TREND IN INDIA (IN ‘000 TONNES)
Indias Export and Import of Finished Steel (in '000 tonnes)
Year 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
Export 4942.6 5922 4381 4478 4750 4627 3482 3242
Import 1945 1760 2109 3850 4436 6581 5149 7302
Net 2997.6 4162 2272 628 314 -1954 -1667 -4060
PRODUCTION OF FINISHED STEEL IN INDIA (IN ‘000 TONNES)
Total Main Secondary
Year SAIL TATA Steel RINL Total
Producers Producers
2001-02 7594 3070 2365 13029 17595 30624
2002-03 8311 3377 2652 14340 19285 33625
2003-04 8835 3529 2782 15146 21770 36916
2004-05 9165 3505 2886 15556 24444 40000
2005-06 9352 3847 2981 16180 28333 44513
2006-07 9850 4423 3042 17315 32815 50130
2007-08 10254 4472 2899 17625 35000 52625
2008-09 9811 4535 2248 16594 43158 59752
2009-10 9697 5011 2583 17291 44690 61981
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21. ECONOMIC INDICES (All data as per CIA published Data Book)
Countries by GDP (PPP) List by the International Monetary Fund (2009)
[1]
Rank Country GDP (PPP) $M
— World 70,040,547
— European Union 14,772,542
1 United States 14,256,275
2 People's Republic of China 9,046,990
3 Japan 4,159,432
4 India 3,526,124
5 Germany 2,806,266
6 United Kingdom 2,139,400
7 Russia 2,109,551
8 France 2,108,228
9 Brazil 2,013,186
10 Italy 1,740,123
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22. Per Capita Income
World PCI ( in US
Ranking Country $) Ref. Year
1 Liechtenstein
$ 122,100 2007 est.
2 Qatar
$ 121,000 2009 est.
7 Singapore
$ 53,900 2009 est.
8 Kuwait
$ 51,200 2009 est.
9 Brunei
$ 49,900 2009 est.
11 United States
$ 46,000 2009 est.
17 Switzerland
$ 41,200 2009 est.
19 Australia
$ 39,900 2009 est.
35 Germany
$ 34,200 2009 est.
36 United Kingdom $ 34,200 2009 est.
39 Japan
$ 32,600 2009 est.
40 France
$ 32,500 2009 est.
42 European Union
$ 31,900 2009 est.
49 Korea, South
$ 28,100 2009 est.
73 Russia
$ 15,100 2009 est.
103 World
$ 10,400 2009 est.
109 Brazil
$ 10,100 2009 est.
130 China
$ 6,700 2009 est.
153 Sri Lanka
$ 4,500 2009 est.
165 India
$ 3,200 2009 est.
178 Pakistan
$ 2,400 2009 est.
Cumulative total of all government borrowings
(less repayments that are denominated in a country's home currency. Public debt
should not be confused with external debt, which reflects the foreign currency
liabilities of both the private and public sector and must be financed out of foreign
exchange earnings)
World
Ranking Country Public debt Ref. Year
1 Zimbabwe
282.6 2009 est.
2 Japan
192.9 2009 est.
6 Italy
115.8 2009 est.
9 Singapore
110 2009 est.
12 Sri Lanka
85.8 2009 est.
14 Canada
82.5 2009 est.
18 France 77.6 2009 est.
20 Germany
73.2 2009 est.
22 United Kingdom
68.2 2009 est.
31 Brazil
59.5 2009 est.
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23. World
Ranking Country Public debt Ref. Year
34 Bhutan
57.8 2009
35 India
57.3 2009 est.
39 World
56 2009 est.
41 United States
53.5 2009 est.
42 Malaysia
53.3 2009 est.
47 Pakistan
49.3 2009 est.
United Arab
48 Emirates
48.9 2009 est.
49 Argentina
48.6 2009 est.
50 Tunisia
47.1 2009 est.
.
Country Comparison :: Unemployment rate
This entry contains the percent of the labor force that is without jobs.
World
Ranking Country UE rate Ref. Year
1 Monaco 0 2005
4 Belarus 1 2009 est.
5 Uzbekistan 1.1 2009 est.
7 Thailand 1.5 2009 est.
9 Cuba
1.7 2009 est.
22 Singapore 3 2009 est.
32 Switzerland 3.7 2010 est.
34 Korea, South 3.7 2009 est.
36 Bhutan 4 2009
39 China
4.3 Sep. 09 est.
40 Denmark 4.3 2009 est.
46 Bangladesh 5.1 2009 est.
47 Japan
5.1 2009 est.
51 Australia 5.6 2009 est.
54 Sri Lanka 5.9 2009 est.
72 Germany 7.5 2009 est.
75 United Kingdom 7.6 2009 est.
89 Brazil
8.1 2009 est.
92 Indonesia 8.1 2009 est.
95 Canada 8.3 2009 est.
96 Sweden 8.3 2009 est.
97 Russia 8.4
2009 est.
101 World 8.7
2009 est.
104 European Union 9 2009 est.
107 France 9.1
2009 est.
110 United States 9.3 2009 est.
124 India
10.7 2009 est.
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24. Country Comparison :: Telephones - mobile cellular
This entry gives the total number of mobile cellular telephone subscribers.
World
Ranking Country MC users Ref. Year
1 China
74,70,00,000 2009
2 India
67,00,00,000 2010
3 United States
27,00,00,000 2008
4 Russia
18,75,00,000 2008
5 Brazil
17,39,59,000 2009
6 Indonesia
15,92,48,000 2009
7 Japan
11,49,17,000 2009
8 Germany
10,50,00,000 2009
9 Pakistan
10,30,00,000 2009
10 Italy
9,06,13,000 2009
12 United Kingdom
7,55,65,000 2008
Country Comparison :: Internet users
This entry gives the number of users within a country that access the Internet. Statistics
vary from country to country and may include users who access the Internet at least
several times a week to those who access it only once within a period of several months.
World
Ranking Country MC users Ref. Year
1 China
29,80,00,000 2008
2 United States
23,10,00,000 2008
3 Japan
9,09,10,000 2008
4 India
8,10,00,000 2008
5 Brazil
6,49,48,000 2008
6 Germany
6,19,73,000 2008
United
7 Kingdom
4,87,55,000 2008
8 Russia
4,52,50,000 2008
9 France
4,29,12,000 2008
10 Korea, South
3,74,76,000
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25. Country Comparison : Population growth rate
The average annual percent change in the population, resulting from a surplus (or deficit)
of births over deaths and the balance of migrants entering and leaving a country. The rate
may be positive or negative. The growth rate is a factor in determining how great a
burden would be imposed on a country by the changing needs of its people for
infrastructure (e.g., schools, hospitals, housing, roads), resources (e.g., food, water,
electricity), and jobs.
World
Ranking Country Pop. Gr. Rate Ref. Year
2 Uganda 3.56
2010 est.
4 United Arab Emirates 3.56 2010 est.
7 Ethiopia 3.2 2010 est.
77 Pakistan 1.59
2010 est.
79 Bangladesh 1.55 2010 est.
89 India
1.38 2010 est.
107 Australia 1.17
2010 est.
108 Brazil
1.17 2010 est.
121 United States 0.97 2010 est.
132 Sri Lanka 0.86 2010 est.
151 United Kingdom 0.56 2010 est.
152 France
0.53 2010 est.
153 China
0.49 2010 est.
180 Switzerland 0.22 2010 est.
205 Germany -0.06 2010 est.
215 Japan
-0.24 2010 est.
222 Russia
-0.47 2010 est.
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26. Country Comparison :: Life expectancy at birth
This entry contains the average number of years to be lived by a group of people born in
the same year, if mortality at each age remains constant in the future. The entry includes
total population as well as the male and female components. Life expectancy at birth is
also a measure of overall quality of life in a country and summarizes the mortality at all
ages. It can also be thought of as indicating the potential return on investment in human
capital and is necessary for the calculation of various actuarial measures.
World
Ranking Country LE at birth Ref. Year
5 Japan
82.17 2010 est.
9 Australia
81.72 2010 est.
12 France
81.09 2010 est.
15 Switzerland
80.97 2010 est.
28 United Kingdom
79.92 2010 est.
36 Germany
79.41 2010 est.
41 European Union
78.82 2010 est.
42 Korea, South
78.81 2010 est.
49 United States
78.24 2010 est.
94 China
74.51 2010 est.
124 Brazil
72.26 2010 est.
149 Bangladesh
69.44 2010 est.
160 India
66.46 2010 est.
161 Russia
66.16 2010 est.
162 World
66.12 2009 est.
166 Pakistan
65.63 2010 est.
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27. Country Comparison :: Education Expenditures
This entry provides the public expenditure on education as a percent of GDP.
World
Ranking Country % of GDP Ref. Year
2 Cuba
13.6 2008
12 Denmark 7.9 2006
28 Sweden 6.7 2007
42 France 5.6
2006
43 United Kingdom 5.6 2007
46 United States 5.5 2007
53 Switzerland 5.3 2007
61 Brazil
5.2 2007
63 Bhutan 5.1 2008
83 Australia 4.7 2007
92 Germany 4.4 2006
109 Russia 3.9
2006
116 Nepal 3.8
2008
126 Japan
3.7 2007
142 India
3.2 2006
144 Singapore 3.2 2009
153 Pakistan 2.9 2008
163 Bangladesh 2.4 2008
Country Comparison :: Military expenditures
This entry gives spending on defense programs for the most recent year available as a
percent of gross domestic product (GDP); the GDP is calculated on an exchange rate
basis, i.e., not in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP).
World
Ranking Country % of GDP Ref. Year
4 Iraq
8.6 2006
6 Israel 7.3
2006
23 China 4.3 2006
25 United States 4.06 2005 est.
27 Russia 3.9 2005
43 Australia 3 2009
46 Pakistan 3 2007 est.
55 Sri Lanka 2.6 2006
57 France 2.6 2005 est.
62 India 2.5
2006
63 United Kingdom 2.4 2005 est.
71 World 2 2005 est.
88 Brazil 1.7
2009
101 Germany 1.5 2005 est.
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