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1. NUZZER: A LARGE-SCALE DEVICE-FREE PASSIVE
LOCALIZATION SYSTEM FOR WIRELESS ENVIRONMENTS
Abstract
The widespread usage of WLANs and mobile devices has fostered the interest
in localization systems for wireless environments. The majority of research in the context
of wireless-based localization systems has focused on device-based active localization, in which
devices are attached to tracked entities. Recently, device-free passive localization (DfP) has been
proposed where the tracked entity is neither required to carry devices nor to participate actively
in the localization process. Previous studies have focused on small areas and/or
controlled environments. In this project, we present the design, implementation, and analysis
of Nuzzer, a large-scale DfP localization system, which tracks entities in real environments, rich
in multipath. We first present probabilistic techniques for DfP localization of a single entity and
evaluate their performance both analytically and in typical office buildings. Our results show
that Nuzzer gives location estimates with less than 2-meters median distance error. We then give
an algorithm for estimating the number of entities in an area of interest and localizing them into
coarse-grained zones to enhance the scalability of the system. This indicates the suitability
of Nuzzer to a large number of application domains.