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HIV Treatment Overview
1. HIV Treatment: An Introduction
October 20, 2013
Dr. Joanna Eveland, MS, MD
HIV Medical Director, Clinica Esperanza/Mission Neighborhood
Health Center
2. Objectives
When, Why and What treatment
to start
Overcoming side effects
Working with your healthcare
providers to get the most out of
treatment
6. Why Treat Early?
Prevent irreversible damage to the immune
system
Reduce “Inflammation” to prevent heart
disease, cancer, premature aging
Treatment is prevention
Reduce the size of the “HIV reservoir”,
maybe making HIV easier to cure someday
7. Don’t start meds until…
You feel ready
You are well engaged in care
You can commit to taking
your meds regularly
You feel that other life factors
and potential barriers to
adherence (drugs, drama,
mental health) are under
control
12. Take Home Points
HIV treatment continues to improve- for the
better!
Each person’s combination of medicines is
different
KNOW what you take, and why
13. Know What You’re Taking
HIV drugs have two, sometimes three,
different names
Scientific name, brand name, chemical name
Zidovudine = Retrovir = AZT
Some tablets contain more than one
ingredient
Atripla = tenofovir + emtricitabine + efavirenz
15. General Principles
Goals: less pills, less times/day, less side
effects
Use at least 3 drugs, 2 classes of medicines
Treatment is individualized- 4 recommended
1st line combos, lots of alternate regimens
Sometimes 3 isn’t enough
Your Protease Inhibitor may need a “Booster”
Drug resistance usually = more pills
16. Treatment Principles:
Chinese Menu Metaphor
“Two scoops of rice
plus chicken or beef”
In other words, usually
2 “nukes”(NRTI) (2
scoops of rice) plus
– 1 partner drug (main dish)
Protease Inhibitor
(beef)
“non-nuke” NNRTI
(chicken)
24. PIs: Pros and Cons
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
High potency
Once daily dosing for
many
Less susceptible to
resistance
Second-line therapy
when NNRTI fails
Metabolic complications
- Increased
cholesterol, blood
sugar
GI side effects
- Diarrhea, nausea
Drug interactions
– Statins, viagra, antiseizure, many
26. Integrase Inhibitors
3 agents- more to come!
Well tolerated, less metabolic effects and
drug interactions than other classes
Can cause rash, hepatotoxicity
28. Entry Inhibitors
Currently used as salvage therapy for those
with drug resistance
Fuzeon is injectable, rarely used
Maraviroc is well tolerated, requires CCR5
receptor on CD4 cells (not everyone has
this)
More to come in this class
29. Once a day Fixed Dose Combos
Name
Pros
Cons
Atripla
Lots of
experience
using it
• Neuropsych side effects
• Don’t stop without planning
Complera
Well tolerated
• Only studied in treatment
naïve
• Not for use if VL >100K
• Take with food
• Can’t take PPIs
Stribild
Well tolerated
• Only studied in treatment
naïve
• Drug interactions
• Watch kidney function
• Nausea
30. Side Effects
Tend to be worst in
the first 2 months of
therapy
Severe side effects
are a reason to
change
medications
Your expectations
shape your
experience
31. What If I Miss a Pill?
Risk of resistance increases with missing more
than 1-2 doses/month
If you miss a dose, try and learn from it
If stopping your meds
All or none
Let us know!
32. Working With Your Provider
You deserve great care
Find the right fit
Educate yourself
Be engaged in care- regular visits
Uninsured? You can still get care!
34. Focus on Wellness
Manage stress
Exercise regularly
Quit smoking
Reduce harmful drug or alcohol use
Build a supportive community
Define and achieve your personal goals