2. Rowing is a sport in which athletes race against each other on rivers, on
lakes or on the ocean, depending upon the type of race and the discipline.
The boats are propelled by the reaction forces on the oar blades as they
are pushed against the water. The sport can be both recreational,
focusing on learning the techniques required, and competitive where
physical size and overall fitness plays a large role. It is also one of the
oldest Olympic sports. In the United States, high school and College
rowing is sometimes referred to as crew.

3. • Sailing is the propulsion of a vehicle and the control of its movement with large (usually
fabric) foils called sails. By changing the rigging, rudder, and sometimes the keel or centre
board, a sailor manages the force of the wind on the sails in order to move the vessel
relative to its surrounding medium (typically water, but also land and ice) and change its
direction and speed. Mastery of the skill requires experience in varying wind and sea
conditions, as well as knowledge concerning sailboats themselves and an understanding of
one's surroundings.
• While there are still some places in the world where sail-powered passenger, fishing and
trading vessels are used, these craft have become rarer as internal combustion engines have
become economically viable in even the poorest and most remote areas. In most countries
sailing is enjoyed as a recreational activity or as a sport. Recreational sailing or yachting can
be divided into racing and cruising. Cruising can include extended offshore and ocean-
crossing trips, coastal sailing within sight of land, and daysailing.

4. • Swimming is the self propulsion of a person through water or other liquid,
for survival, recreation, sport, exercise or other reason. Locomotion is achieved
through co-ordinated movement of the limbs, the body, or both. Humans are able
to hold their breath underwater and undertake rudimentary locomotive swimming
within weeks of birth, as an evolutionary response.
• Swimming is consistently found to be amongst the top recreational activities
undertaken by the public, and in some countries, swimming lessons are a
compulsory part of the educational curriculum. As a formalized sport, swimming
features in a range of local, national and international competitions, including
featuring in every modern summer Olympics.

5. • Diving is the sport of jumping or falling into water from a platform or springboard,
sometimes while performing acrobatics. Diving is an internationally-recognized sport
that is part of the Olympic Games. In addition, unstructured and non-competitive
diving is a recreational pastime.
• Diving is one of the most popular Olympic sports with spectators. Competitors possess
many of the same characteristics as gymnasts and dancers, including strength,
flexibility, kinaesthetic judgment and air awareness.
• The success of Greg Louganis has led to American strength in diving internationally.
China came to prominence several decades ago when the sport was revolutionized by
national coach Liang Boxi. Other noted countries in the sport include Russia, Great
Britain, Italy, Australia and Canada.

6. • Snorkeling (British spelling: snorkeling) is the practice of swimming on or through a body of
water while equipped with a diving mask, a shaped tube called a snorkel, and usually swimfins.
In cooler waters, a wetsuit may also be worn. Use of this equipment allows the snorkeler to
observe underwater attractions for extended periods of time with relatively little effort.
• Snorkeling is a popular recreational activity, particularly at tropical resort and scuba
diving locations. The primary appeal is the opportunity to observe underwater life in a
natural setting without the complicated equipment and training required for scuba diving. It
appeals to all ages because of how little effort there is, and without the exhaled bubbles of
scuba-diving equipment.
• Snorkeling is also employed by scuba divers when on the surface, and search and
rescue teams may snorkel as part of a water-based search. It is also a means to an end
in underwater sports such as underwater hockey, underwater ice hockey,underwater
rugby and spearfishing.

7. • Water polo, or Water ball, is a team water sport. The playing team consists of six
field players and one goalkeeper. The winner of the game is the team that scores
the most goals. Game play involves swimming, treading water (using a sort of
kicking motion known as "eggbeater kick"), players passing the ball while being
defended by opponents, and scoring by throwing the ball into a net defended by a
goalie. 'Man-up' (or 'power play') situations occur frequently. Water polo,
therefore, has strong similarities to the land-based game of team handball.

8. • Rafting or white water rafting is a challenging recreational outdoor
activity using an inflatable raft to navigate a river or other bodies of
water. This is usually done on white water or different degrees of
rough water, in order to thrill and excite the raft passengers. The
development of this activity as a leisure sport has become popular
since the mid-1970s. It is considered an extreme sport, as it can be
dangerous.

9. • Canoeing is a paddle sport in which one kneels or sits facing forward in an
open-decked canoe, and propels oneself with a single-bladed paddle,
under one's own power. Kayaking is a similar activity in a kayak which
usually has a closed deck and is propelled with a double bladed paddle. In
a kayak the paddler typically sits with legs extended forward.
• In some situations canoeing refers to both canoeing and kayaking. Other
than by the minimum competition specifications (typically length and
width (beam) and seating arrangement it is difficult to differentiate most
competition canoes from the equivalent competition kayaks.