2. Line organization
• is the most oldest and simplest method of
administrative organization. According to this type of
organization, the authority flows from top to bottom in
a concern. The line of command is carried out from
top to bottom. This is the reason for calling this
organization as scalar organization which means
scalar chain of command is a part and parcel of this
type of administrative organization. In this type of
organization, the line of command flows on an even
basis without any gaps in communication and co-
ordination taking place.
5. Pure line Organization
• In pure line organisation all the persons
at a given level perform same type of
work. The divisions are solely for the
purpose of control and direction.
6.
7. Departmental line Organization
• In departmental line organisation, the whole
unit is divided into different departments that
are convenient for control purposes. Each
departmental worker is under the control of
the departmental manager who is responsible
to his superior over him. All departmental
managers enjoy equal status and work
independently, again, even within a
department, there may be several sub-
departments.
8.
9. Merits of line
organization
• 1. Simplicity: Line organisation is simple to establish and can be
understood by the employees.
• 2. Fixed responsibility: Line organisation helps in fixing authority and
responsibility. Hence no person can escape his responsibility.
• 3. Unity of control: An employee receives orders and instructions from
only one superior. It means a subordinate is responsible to only one
superior.
• 4. Prompt decisions: Unification of authority and responsibility facilitates
quick and prompt decisions.
• 5. Discipline: Single line authority and responsibility ensures strong
discipline in the organisation.
• 6. Flexibility: The adjustments in the organisation can be easily made to
suit the changing conditions.
• 7. Co-ordination: As all activities relating to one department are
managed by one individual, there is a possibility for effective co
ordination.
• 8. Less expensive: It is less expensive as no expenditure on staff
personnel is incurred.
10. Demerits of line
organization• 1. Lack of specialisation : As one person looks after all the work relating
to his department, there is no scope for specialisation.
• 2. Excess work : In this type, an executive is overloaded with work and
hence he may not be in a position to direct and control the efforts of his
subordinates properly.
• 3. Scope of favouritism : Since only one executive controls all the
activities relating to his department, there is scope for favouritism and
corruption.
• 4. Limited communication: In this type, there is no communication from
subordinates upwards and the workers should follow the orders of
superiors, without expressing any opinion about the orders
communicated to them.
• 5. Unity of administration: All the decisions relating to a department are
taken by only one executive and hence, the successful functioning of
that department depends upon his abilities.
• 6. Lack of co-operation : Unitary control may result in lack of co
operation and team spirit.
11. Functional Organization
• is a type of organizational structure that uses
the principle of specialization based on
function or role.
• It allows decisions to be decentralized since
issues are delegated to specialized persons
or units, leaving them the responsibility of
implementing, evaluating, or controlling the
given procedures or goals.
