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Switch or broker
1.
Copyright © 2006-2007
iMatix Corporation CreativeCommons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Switch or Broker? A comparison of two models for reliable AMQP architectures by Pieter Hintjens, iMatix Corporation January, 2006
2.
Copyright © 2006-2007
iMatix Corporation CreativeCommons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 The Classic View ● The "reliable message broker" ● Big, powerful message broker ● Uses high-availability and transactions ● Queues are durable, persistent, heavy ● Consistent with traditional world view ● Strong centralization ● One place to look for all data ● One server to configure, administer, etc.
3.
Copyright © 2006-2007
iMatix Corporation CreativeCommons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Reliable message broker App App App App Reliable message broker Persistent queues
4.
Copyright © 2006-2007
iMatix Corporation CreativeCommons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 What do we get? ● Point-to-point reliability ● When we have successfully passed a message to the broker, we can be sure it will be deliv- ered to the recipient. ● If there is a recipient... ● Pretty complex ● Pedantic message delivery ● Distributed transaction processing ● Performance vs. persistence trade-offs
5.
Copyright © 2006-2007
iMatix Corporation CreativeCommons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 High-availability cluster App App App App ?
6.
Copyright © 2006-2007
iMatix Corporation CreativeCommons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 HA reliability challenges ● Guarantee reliability during failover ● Coordination between HA peers ● Transactions between HA peers ● A problem area for most products ● Presumably a solvable problem... ● But even MQ Series occasionally drops mes- sages ● Broker is now very complex ● ...and HA is visible in the protocol
7.
Copyright © 2006-2007
iMatix Corporation CreativeCommons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 What about wide-area networks? ? ? ?
8.
Copyright © 2006-2007
iMatix Corporation CreativeCommons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 WAN reliability challenges ● Only as reliable as weakest link ● Excludes use of untrusted middlemen ● Excludes use of thin "edge" brokers ● Contrary to modern network design ● Requires few, expensive boxes ● Does not scale by adding hardware ● Reliability through complexity?
9.
Copyright © 2006-2007
iMatix Corporation CreativeCommons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 The iMatix View ● The "asynchronous message switch" ● Cheap, disposable message switches ● Organized into high-availability pairs ● Queues are transient and memory-based ● Consistent with modern world view ● Cheap and simple ● No data to look for ● Minimal configuration and administration
10.
Copyright © 2006-2007
iMatix Corporation CreativeCommons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Asynchronous message switch App App App App Asynchronous message switch
11.
Copyright © 2006-2007
iMatix Corporation CreativeCommons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 What do we get? ● No reliability in protocol or server ● Messages can be lost en-route ● Very simple ● Trivial message delivery ● No transactions ● Fastest possible performance ● Message loss is very rare ● But... ● Of course, we need full reliability
12.
Copyright © 2006-2007
iMatix Corporation CreativeCommons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Reliability over AMS (R/AMS) ● Three main messaging scenarios ● Data distribution (pub-sub) ● Request-response (service request) ● Data distribution can be unreliable ● Data can be resent periodically ● Request-response should be reliable ● This is the classic MQ scenario
13.
Copyright © 2006-2007
iMatix Corporation CreativeCommons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 R/AMS schema App App App App Persistence Asynchronous message switch
14.
Copyright © 2006-2007
iMatix Corporation CreativeCommons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 R/AMS technique ● Client API provides two messaging APIs ● Data distribution ● Request-response (R-R) ● R/AMS is implemented for R-R only ● Record request in store ● Send request to AMQP server ● Wait for a matching response ● If needed, send the request again ● When response arrives, update store ● After timeout, alert application to failure
15.
Copyright © 2006-2007
iMatix Corporation CreativeCommons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 R/AMS with a HA cluster App App App App Persistence
16.
Copyright © 2006-2007
iMatix Corporation CreativeCommons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 R/AMS + HA is simple ● No assumption of reliability in network ● HA is limited to peer-coordination ● No message flow between peers ● Proven solution in production use ● Broker remains relatively simple ● HA is invisible in the protocol ● Persistence is also invisible
17.
Copyright © 2006-2007
iMatix Corporation CreativeCommons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 What about wide-area networks?
18.
Copyright © 2006-2007
iMatix Corporation CreativeCommons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 R/AMS + WAN is simple ● No assumption of reliability in network ● It does not matter how large network grows ● Reliability is orthogonal to network ● Allows use of untrusted middlemen ● Allows use of thin "edge" servers ● Moves towards "AMQP in every wall- plug" vision
19.
Copyright © 2006-2007
iMatix Corporation CreativeCommons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Why is R/AMS nice? ● Protocol remains simple ● Even simpler than 0.8 release ● Brokers remain simple & light ● No persistence, no transactions, no acks ● R/AMS is (almost) unilateral ● No interoperability burden ● Recipient must detect & discard duplicates ● R/AMS is easy to understand ● Very intuitive, obvious for programmers
20.
Copyright © 2006-2007
iMatix Corporation CreativeCommons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 R/AMS is fast ● Data distribution can be scaled ● AMS fanout for high volumes & subscribers ● Zero overhead for data distribution ● No centralized storage bottleneck ● Reliable message broker can only run as fast as its data store ● Asynchronous message switch runs at full speed ● Persistence cost is spread out across network
21.
Copyright © 2006-2007
iMatix Corporation CreativeCommons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Can R/AMS do everything? ● No, it cannot ● R/AMS is a "90%" solution ● Specifically for request-response ● Also solves data distribution optimally ● Does not do file distribution ● Does not do other messaging models ● But... these can be layered on top ● Cannot solve “MQ Series” challenge
22.
Copyright © 2006-2007
iMatix Corporation CreativeCommons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 R/AMS as a transport layer ● How do we implement file distribution? ● Consider R/AMS as a transport layer ● Use only request-response messaging ● Construct services around R/AMS ● File distribution over R/AMS: ● Through use of "file broker" application ● R/AMS to and from file broker
23.
Copyright © 2006-2007
iMatix Corporation CreativeCommons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Vision of AMQP for R/AMS ● Fastest possible transport layer (SCTP) ● Removal of all reliability from protocol ● New "thin" content class ● No persistent messages ● No transactions ● No acknowledgments ● Stripped-down message properties
24.
Copyright © 2006-2007
iMatix Corporation CreativeCommons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 AMQP evolution for R/AMS ● Orthogonal transport protocols ● Ability to choose between TCP/IP, SCTP ● Central wiring management layer ● Exchanges, queues, bindings ● Orthogonal content classes ● Basic content class, thin content class ● No content class interoperability
25.
Copyright © 2006-2007
iMatix Corporation CreativeCommons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Switch vs Broker Switch ● Simple protocol ● Simple server ● Edge storage ● Intelligent API ● WAN friendly ● Silicon friendly ● Unconventional Broker ● Complex protocol ● Complex server ● Central storage ● Simple client API ● WAN hostile ● Silicon hostile ● Conventional
26.
Copyright © 2006-2007
iMatix Corporation CreativeCommons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Conclusions ● R/AMS has significant advantages ● Simply, cheap, flexible ● Compatible with AMQP->hardware strategy ● Elegant solution for HA & WAN ● Reliable message broker is outdated ● Solves problems of the past ● R/AMS is future-proof design ● Cheap, scalable, simple ● Forces standard messaging patterns
27.
Copyright © 2006-2007
iMatix Corporation CreativeCommons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Thank you ● For more information please contact the author at ph@imatix.com.
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