The document provides information on conjugating regular and irregular verbs in the Spanish present tense. It explains how to conjugate -ar, -er, -ir verbs by removing the ending and adding new endings. It also covers stem-changing and spelling change verbs in the present tense like querer, contar, dormir, and pedir. Special irregular verbs like ser, ir, and tener are also discussed.

1. PRESENT TENSE Indicative Mood

8. “ Special” Verb Changes There are certain verbs that have an irregular first-person singular only; all other forms in the present are regular caber to fit quepo caer to fall caigo dar to give doy estar to be estoy hacer to do hago poner to put pongo saber to know sé traer to bring traigo valer to be worth valgo ver to see veo

10. “ Special” Verb Changes Some common irregular verbs in the present tense are: DECIR IR OíR SER TENER VENIR (to say) (to go) (to hear) (to be) (to have) (to come) Yo digo voy oigo soy tengo vengo Tú dices vas oyes eres tienes vienes Él dice va oye es tiene viene Nosotros decimos vamos oímos somos tenemos venimos Ellos dicen van oyen son tienen vienen Note that the verb “haber” is also irregular. The present tense form of “hay” means “there is” and “there are”.

14. “ Boot” Verb Changes The “ Boot Verbs ” that end in “ ar ” and “ er ” that have a stem change from the letter “ e ” to the letters “ ie ” occur in all forms except “ nosotros ” and “ vosotros ”. Take the ending off and choose the vowel that is closest to the end of the stem as the one to change. For example C E RRAR (to close) QU E RER (to love, want) C e rr (stem) Qu e r (stem) Yo c ie rro qu ie ro Tú c ie rras qu ie res Él c ie rra qu ie re Nosotros c e rramos qu e remos Ellos c ie rran qu ie ren

15. “ Boot” Verb Changes The following is a list of commonly used verbs that follow the pattern of cerrar and querer : comenzar to start, begin defender to defend despertar (se) to wake up descender to descend empezar to start, begin encender to light up fregar to wash, scrub entender to understand nevar to snow sentar (se) to sit down pensar (en) to think (of, about) recomendar to recommend

17. “ Boot” Verb Changes Some verbs that are conjugated like contar and volver are: Acordar (se) de to remember doler to hurt Acostar (se) to go to bed llover to rain Costar to cost mover to move Encontrar to find poder to be able to Mostrar to show resolver to solve Probar (se) to try, to taste; to try on Recordar to remember Sonar to ring, sound Soñar (con) to dream Tronar to thunder Volar to fly