SSTRM Workshop 1: Visioning Session, Report

1. Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap
Workshop 1:
Visioning and Future Capabilities
Gatineau, June 16-17 2009
Department of National Defence
Defence Research and Development Canada
Industry Canada
August 28, 2009

2. Table of Contents
Executive Summary ........................................................................................... iv
1. Technology and the Soldier of the Future: A Roadmap ............................ 5
1.1 What is the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap? ....................................... 5
1.2 A Collaborative Effort – Industry, Government, and Academia ......................... 6
1.3 How to Get Involved ......................................................................................... 7
2. The Dismounted Soldier and the Soldier System ...................................... 8
2.1 The Dismounted Soldier ................................................................................... 8
2.2 The Dismounted Soldier’s System.................................................................... 9
2.3 Future Soldier Systems .................................................................................. 11
2.4 Structuring the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap Discussion ................ 14
3. Setting the Scene: A Vision of the Future Soldier System ..................... 15
3.1 Visioning Workshop Welcome ........................................................................ 16
3.2 Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap Overview .......................................... 18
3.3 Visioning Workshop Logistics ......................................................................... 21
3.4 The Canadian Soldier Modernization Effort .................................................... 23
3.5 Technology Mindmap and Technology Readiness Levels .............................. 25
3.6 Human Systems Integration ........................................................................... 27
3.7 Micro Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (Luncheon Conference).............................. 29
3.8 The Future Security Environment ................................................................... 31
3.9 The Army of Tomorrow and the Future ........................................................... 33
4. Focusing the Vision: Key Areas of the Soldier System .......................... 35
4.1 Power/Energy and Sustainability .................................................................... 37
4.2 C4I/Sensors ................................................................................................... 41
4.3 Survivability and Personal Protective Equipment ............................................ 47
4.4 Lethal and Non-Lethal Weapons .................................................................... 52
4.5 Parking Lot Issues .......................................................................................... 56
ii

3. 5. The End of the Beginning .......................................................................... 57
5.1 Next Steps in the Roadmapping Project ......................................................... 57
5.2 Schedule of Upcoming Workshops................................................................. 58
Appendices
A. Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap Governance .............................. 59
B. List of Visioning and Future Capabilities Workshop Participants ......... 60
C. Facilitators .................................................................................................. 68
iii

4. Executive Summary
This report summarizes the results of the first workshop associated with the Soldier
Systems Technology Roadmap project – the Visioning and Future Capabilities
Workshop held in Gatineau, Québec, June 16-17, 2009.
Chapter 1, Technology and the Soldier of the Future: A Roadmap, defines technology
roadmapping in general and in the context of the Soldier System. It provides links for
those interested in becoming involved in this project.
Chapter 2, The Dismounted Soldier and the Soldier System, provides background
information for those not familiar with soldier systems. It introduces the focal point of the
Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap – the soldier, and the system that supports the
soldier – and explains the structure chosen for the workshop discussions.
Chapter 3, Setting the Scene: A Vision of the Future Soldier, summarizes nine workshop
presentations made by members of the Department of National Defence (DND), Industry
Canada, and others. These provided workshop participants with an understanding of
DND's current vision of the future soldier system, the capabilities it will require, and the
challenges that must be overcome to realize those capabilities. It includes information
about the workshop's goals and logistics.
Chapter 4, Focusing the Vision: Key Areas of the Soldier System, summarizes the
remaining workshop presentations. These focus on the four key areas identified for
discussion in the workshop's breakout sessions: Power/Energy and Sustainability,
C4I/Sensors, Survivability and Personal Protective Equipment, and Lethal and Non-
Lethal Weapons. The chapter includes summaries of the participant input made during
the breakout sessions following each of the focused presentations.
Chapter 5, The End of the Beginning, describes the next steps in the Soldier Systems
Technology Roadmap project. It includes a schedule of seven upcoming workshops to
be held at locations across Canada.
Appendixes to the report describe the governance structure of the Soldier Systems
Technology Roadmap project, and provide a list of the Visioning and Future Capabilities
Workshop attendees and facilitators.
iv

5. 1. Technology and the Soldier of the Future:
A Roadmap
This report summarizes the results of the first workshop associated with the Soldier
Systems Technology Roadmap project – the Visioning and Future Capabilities
Workshop held in Gatineau, Québec, June 16-17, 2009.
1.1 What is the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap?
A technology roadmap is a proven system of planning well into the future. It defines a set
of requirements and performance targets associated with meeting projected demands,
and brings together stakeholders to work collectively to determine how technology might
best be used to meet those needs.
The Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap Not a Procurement Activity
(TRM) project is a unique industry- The Soldier Systems TRM project is not part
government collaboration. It is designed to of DND or other government department
apply roadmapping principles and procurement processes. It a knowledge-
sharing exercise whose goal is to generate a
processes to develop a comprehensive
vision of the soldier of the future and the
knowledge-sharing platform, and to identify
ways in which technology can help realize
technology opportunities, in support of the
that vision.
Canadian Forces Soldier Modernization
Effort.
Technology and the Soldier System
The focus of the Soldier Systems TRM – the soldier system – is defined within NATO as
the integration of everything the soldier wears, carries and consumes for enhanced
individual and collective (small unit) capability within the national command and control
structure.
The overarching goal of the Soldier Systems TRM is to understand how today's
technology – and tomorrow's – might contribute to a superior soldier system that
increases operational effectiveness for the individual soldier in the five NATO capability
areas of Command and Control (C4I), Survivability, Mobility, Lethality, and Sustainability.
Page 5 of 68

6. 1.2 A Collaborative Effort – Industry, Government, and
Academia
The Soldier Systems TRM project is a collaborative effort. To succeed, it depends on the
involvement of industry, government, and academia.
Federal Partners
The following federal government
departments are co-sponsoring the Soldier Systems TRM Governance
development of the Soldier Systems TRM: The Soldier Systems TRM is governed by
 Industry Canada (IC)  A Technology Roadmap Senior Review
Committee (SRC)
 Department of National Defence
 An Executive Steering Committee
(DND)
(ESC)
 Defence Research and Development  Technical Subcommittees in these
Canada (DRDC) areas:
 Power/Energy
Industry Partners  Weapons: Lethal and Non-Lethal
Participation in the roadmap is open to  C4I (Control, Command,
Communications, Computers,
Canadian and international companies of all
Intelligence)
sizes.
 Sensors
These companies may be positioned in the  Survivability/Personal Protection/
defence and security industries, or active in Clothing and Footwear
 Roadmap Integration
other sectors that produce goods or
technologies that can support the soldier-of-  A Facilitator (The Strategic Review
the-future concept. Group Inc.)
For details, see Appendix A, Soldier
Researchers and other experts from
Systems TRM Governance.
academia, government, and not-for-profit
institutions are also encouraged to
participate.
The following industry associations are supporting the Soldier Systems TRM:
 Canadian Association of Defence and Security Industries (CADSI)
 Technopôle Defence and Security (TDS)
Page 6 of 68

7. 1.3 How to Get Involved
The Soldier Systems TRM is an open, inclusive, and collaborative exercise. Participation
is free and voluntary. No membership in any organization is required.
Participation in the Soldier Systems TRM is open to:
 Canadian and international manufacturing, services, and technology-based
companies of all sizes
 Researchers and other experts from academia, government, and not-for-profit
research organizations from Canada and around the world
There are several ways to contribute to the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap. For
example:
 Join one of the visioning and technical workshops held at locations across the
country
 View and contribute to the knowledge base in our soon-to-be-available Industry
Collaboration and Exchange Environment (ICEE), an online Wiki
Want More Information?
To contact us, or for free registration for a workshop, email the Soldier Systems
Technology Roadmap Working Group
To learn about the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap project, visit our web site:
http://soldiersystems-systemesdusoldat.collaboration.gc.ca/
For an introduction to technology roadmapping in general, visit Industry Canada at:
http://www.ic.gc.ca/trm
Page 7 of 68

8. 2. The Dismounted Soldier and the Soldier
System
The Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap focuses on the needs of the dismounted
soldier. To maintain this focus, before getting into the content of the Visioning and Future
Capabilities Workshop it is important to set out a broad, simple description of the
dismounted soldier and his1 capability requirements.
2.1 The Dismounted Soldier
The dismounted soldier is often away from the supply network, and must be self-
sufficient in terms of carrying out his assigned combat or non-combat mission. Although
away from the supply network, the soldier likely remains connected in some way to the
battle space information network; for example, through a portable radio. As discussed
later in this section, it is expected that the soldier of the future will be even more
connected to the information network, as new electronic capabilities become available.
In discussing the dismounted soldier, the characteristics and capability requirements
typically have a time horizon of up to 72 hours. During that time, the soldier must carry
everything needed to fulfill his assigned mission. This includes his own power sources,
appropriate clothing, communications equipment, food, water, and whatever lethal or
non-lethal weapons are called for by the mission.
It is recognized that the dismounted soldier, even though self-sufficient, is part of a larger
force structure. He is part of a team, which is part of a ―team of teams.‖ Also, every
aspect of what the dismounted soldier has and does is influenced, and sometimes
constrained by, other forces and factors, such as doctrine; organizational structure;
tactics, techniques, and procedures; technologies; personnel; and training. Figure 1. The
Discounted Soldier Model, depicts the effects of these many variables on the individual
soldier.
1
The description of the dismounted soldier is presented in the masculine to improve readability. However,
wherever the text refers to ―he‖ or ―his‖, the reference applies equally to dismounted soldiers who are
women.
Page 8 of 68

9. Figure 1 The Dismounted Soldier Model2
2.2 The Dismounted Soldier’s System
Soldier systems are generally defined using five capability areas described by NATO:
 Survivability. This includes a range of protective equipment – e.g., clothing,
headwear, footwear, hand wear, and non-protective clothing and footwear – that
enables survival and protects against ballistic, blast, and other threats while
improving camouflage and concealment.
 Sustainability. This involves balancing the soldier load among weapons, power,
sensors, and equipment to enable the soldier to be self-sustaining for a defined
time period and to successfully carry out the assigned mission.
2
HumanSystems® Incorporated; Soldier Systems Technology Road Map: Internal Visioning Workshop,
March 2009
Page 9 of 68

10.  Mobility. This is affected by load carriage configuration and weight in different
terrains, climates, and other mission-specific variables, and includes navigation
aids.
 C4I. (Command, Control, Communications, Computers, and Intelligence), which
supports command execution, situation awareness, and interoperability.
 Lethality. This involves the equipment needed for selecting and engaging
targets to deliver a defined lethal or non-lethal effect.
Many countries are involved in the continuous improvement and modernization of soldier
systems. The Soldier Systems TRM is a component of Canada’s effort in this area. As
such, the TRM will strive to build on the developments already underway in Canada, as
well as those in other countries.
Two principal factors affect the dismounted soldier’s individual choice of equipment:
 Core equipment. The dismounted soldier will carry core equipment, such as
clothing, protective equipment, water, weapons, ammunition, and other basic
items. This core equipment will be defined by the role of the individual soldier
within a team, for example for a communications, medical, or other role.
 Additional equipment. Within certain parameters, the soldier or his commander
will make choices in what additional equipment to carry. These choices involve
trade-offs between equipment in the five capability areas described above, and
are based on what the soldier and his commander believe is most important
based on utility assessments. For example, some level of choice will be made
between carrying more ammunition (lethality), more protective equipment
(survivability), more batteries or water (sustainability), and more electronic
capabilities (C4I) – all of which affect mobility and operational performance.
The amount of ―optional‖ equipment carried by the dismounted soldier is usually limited
by the load weight and volume, as decided by the individual soldier. One soldier might
choose to carry more or less weight load than another. The equipment must also be
designed in an integrated/modular way, to ensure compatibility and usability.
There is an on-going debate within soldier modernization efforts as to whether the future
soldier will carry less weight load, or whether any weight savings in some equipment will
simply allow the soldier to carry other equipment up to the same weight load he would
carry anyway.
Page 10 of 68

11. 2.3 Future Soldier Systems
Efforts to improve and modernize soldier systems in virtually every country are
influenced by similar new capability requirements. These requirements provide the
foundation principles for developing technology solutions through the Soldier Systems
TRM.
The soldier’s capabilities in all five areas of survivability, sustainability, mobility, C4I, and
lethality are constantly being improved to meet evolving needs. For example:
 Improvements related to survivability include signature reduction and
improvements in protection in/from/against weather/climate, sharp edges, insect
and animal bites, noise, ballistics, blasts, blunt trauma, and natural and
manmade hazards
 Improvements related to lethality increase the soldier’s effectiveness against
armoured and unarmoured personnel, information systems, vehicles, animals,
and so on, while containing collateral effects.
Soldier Systems Design Principles
Future soldier systems can be described using overall design principles and new
capability requirements.
As changes are made to soldier systems, they are guided by four design parameters:
weight reduction, integration, modularity, and power optimization. A more detailed
discussion of some of these principles is included in later sections of this report.
Reducing Weight
To add any new capabilities to the dismounted soldier – even if they don’t weigh very
much – will demand that the weight of a soldier’s current equipment decrease. As a
result, there is a continued impetus in all soldier modernization efforts to decrease the
weight load of the dismounted soldier, both to increase his mobility and to allow for new
equipment. Figure 2 illustrates the concept of adding new capabilities and, at the same
time, decreasing the soldier’s weight load.
Page 11 of 68

12. Figure 2. Reducing weight is the design feature that underpins any
improvement to soldier equipment
New Necessary
Equipment weight
New reduction in
Equipment current
New equipment
Soldier Weight Load
Equipment
The dismounted
soldier’s weight
Even less
target weight to
improve
soldier
mobility
Integration
The soldier’s current equipment consists of different components attached individually to
the soldier, leading to what is termed the ―Christmas tree effect.‖ As equipment is
redesigned and improved, there will be a strong emphasis on integrating components
into a common system. This includes integrating different systems, such as clothing,
electronics, weapons, PPE, and others. Equipment must also be designed in a way that
reduces load volume, and is readily accessible for use in an urgent situation.
The design principles and architecture of this integrated system need to be developed
and embedded into soldier system technology development.
Modularity
Modularity is closely linked to the principle of integration. Given that the soldier will
become involved in a range of operations, either combat or non-combat, it could be
expected that integrated equipment will be available in modules that address different
operational requirements. The characteristics and interactions of different modules need
to be designed.
Page 12 of 68

13. Optimizing Power
The discussion of power is generally associated with electrical power.3 Optimizing power
is considered as a design principle because consumed power is expensive, and
because future soldier equipment is expected to require considerable electrical power.
Given the diversity of equipment using electrical power (e.g., communications, sights,
sensors, etc.) there is a strong need to optimize the consumption of power. As a result,
any discussion of new soldier systems that are light, integrated, and modular, must
include the optimization of power storage, transmission, and consumption.
The Soldier systems TRM discussion on power will include several dimensions,
including storage, transmission, harvesting, recapture, control, and so on.
Soldier Capability Requirements
In addition to ongoing improvements in all equipment areas, there are three distinct
areas of increased capability that require specific development for the Army of Today,
the Army of Tomorrow, and the Army of the Future (2020) 4. In no particular order, they
are:
 Increased C4I and sensor capabilities. It is expected that the dismounted
soldier of the future will have considerable C4I equipment that will enable voice
and data handling for better navigation, target acquisition, communications and
connectivity with other soldiers/teams/sensors/vehicles, monitoring, intelligence,
tactics, logistics, and supply operations. These new capabilities will in turn
improve every operational aspect of the soldier’s team and team of teams.
Better C4I at the soldier level helps the soldier and the entire battle force answer
key questions, such as ―Where am I?‖, ―Where are you?‖, ―Where is the
enemy?‖, and ―How are we doing?‖5 Improved C4I capabilities will also enable
interoperability with counterparts.
3
Power could involve a discussion of ―energy‖, which would include the soldier’s own energy
requirements and other forms of energy, such as thermal energy. However, for the purposes of
the Soldier Systems TRM, the discussion will begin with a focus on electrical power.
4
The concept of Army of Today, Tomorrow, and the Future is expanded on later in the report.
5
This discussion includes new sensor and sight capabilities for the soldier within the new C4I
capabilities.
Page 13 of 68

14.  Increased lethal and non-lethal capabilities. Non-lethal activities of the
dismounted soldier, such as crowd control, are growing. As a result, the soldier
needs capabilities to fulfill non-lethal roles, including weaponry to assist in
situations that require a non-lethal deterrent effect.
 Improved survivability, personal and protective equipment (PPE). There is a
continued effort to understand and provide the best equipment to protect
soldiers. New developments in this area include improved materials and
improved shielding. This is included as an ―increased‖ requirement because
―improved‖ PPE typically involves ―more‖ PPE. For this reason, it is being
considered as a distinct increment to existing equipment.
All four design characteristics of weight reduction, integration, modularity, and power
optimization are important in these three specific areas of capability development. In
addition, they bear directly on the mobility of the dismounted soldier, and on his ability to
sustain himself throughout an operation.
2.4 Structuring the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap
Discussion
The above description of the dismounted soldier illustrates the diversity and complexity
of his capability requirements. To enable the Soldier Systems TRM to pursue an orderly
and useful discussion of technology solutions, it was decided to structure the TRM
workshop presentations and discussions according to the following four sequential topic
areas:
 Energy, Power, and Sustainability
 C4I/Sensors/Mobility
 Survivability/Clothing/Footwear
 Lethal and Non-Lethal Weapons
Discussion in each of these areas was to be guided by the design principles presented
in 2.1 The Dismounted Soldier.
Page 14 of 68

15. 3. Setting the Scene: A Vision of the Future
Soldier System
For purposes of description, the Visioning and Future Capabilities Workshop can be
divided into two parts:
 General, introductory presentations. These were designed to welcome
participants, define the workshop goals and process, and set the scene for the
focused presentations and breakout sessions that would follow.
 Focused presentations and breakout sessions. These dealt with the
workshop's four areas of focus: Power/Energy and Sustainability, C4I/Sensors,
Survivability and Personal Protective Equipment, and Lethal and Non-Lethal
Weapons. Presentations in each area were followed by breakout sessions and
participant debriefing.
This chapter summarizes the introductory presentations. The focused presentations and
breakout session results are summarized in chapter 4. Focusing the Vision: Key Areas
of the Soldier System.
The Introductory Presentations
Participants brought extensive knowledge Introductory "Setting the Scene"
in a wide variety of areas to the Visioning Presentations
and Future Capabilities Workshop. To  Welcome
 What is a Technology Roadmap?
augment this knowledge with soldier-
 The Workshop – How it Works
system-specific information that would build
 Soldier Modernization
a foundation for the visioning sessions and
 Technology Mind Mapping and
act as a catalyst for discussion, the Technology Readiness LevelsHuman
workshop began with introductory Systems Integration Future Security
presentations that provided an overview of Environment
 Army of Tomorrow & Future Army
the workshop's purpose and process, and
an introduction to current thinking at DND The workshop presentations are available
and elsewhere regarding the future soldier at: www.StrategicReviewGroup.ca
system vision. This report provides
summaries of these presentations,
including a few key slides only. The presentations are available in their entirety at
www.StrategicReviewGroup.ca
Page 15 of 68

16. 3.1 Visioning Workshop Welcome
Based on Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap: Vision and Future Capabilities
Workshop Welcome, LCol. M. Bodner and DND Senior Representative.
The Soldier of Today, Tomorrow, and the Future
The focus of the Visioning and Future Capabilities Workshop is the soldier of today,
tomorrow, and the future, and the systems needed to enable the soldier to perform
optimally in the five NATO capability areas of Survivability, Sustainability, Lethality,
Mobility, and C4I.
These capabilities are enhanced by a number of components integrated as a system of
systems or sub-systems, with the Human dimension being an integral part of each area.
The Dismounted Soldier System (DSS) is defined as everything (items or equipment) the
soldier wears, carries and consumes to fulfill the soldier's tasks as an individual, as the
member of a fighting team, and as part of higher-level operational units on the battlefield
and in a tactical environment.
The Integrated Soldier – a "System of Systems"
The dismounted soldier is integrated with other components of the Canadian Forces, so
that the soldier and the soldier system are part of a "system of systems" that, as a team,
acts as a force multiplier.
The system architecture consists of:
Capability Area Sub-systems
Lethality (non-
Weapon sub-system
lethality)
Mobility Mobility sub-system
Survivability Protection sub-system
C4I C4I sub-system
Head-borne sub-system
Training sub-system
Page 16 of 68

17. Page 17 of 68

18. 3.2 Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap Overview
Based on Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap: Rationale and Governance, Geoff
Nimmo, Manager TRM Secretariat, Industry Canada
What is Technology Roadmapping?
A technology roadmap is a collaborative process for developing innovative products and
processes to meet future demands. The Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap applies
roadmapping principles to the Soldier System.
Canada – and Industry Canada in particular – has considerable experience in
roadmapping. Since roadmapping was initiated in 1995, over 35 technology roadmaps
have been completed. Industry Canada currently has four technology roadmaps under
development.
Visioning Workshop Goals
The opening exercise associated with any
technology roadmap is typically a visioning The Visioning Goal: To foster a
session. It brings together stakeholders to discussion on the linkages between future
"think outside the box" and explore ways in Soldier Systems capabilities and the
which they can work together to define and technology development interests of a wide
range of interested organizations.
achieve specific goals. The stakeholders
attempt to develop a vision of the goal – in To provide feedback on DND’s future
this case, the soldier system of the future, capabilities.
which is part of the Army of Tomorrow
(AoT) – and to explore ideas about how
technology might help meet the goal and what must be done to ensure that it does.
Page 18 of 68

19. Technology Roadmap Phases and Foci
A technology roadmap has three phases:
 Definition. Focusing on organization, governance, and collaboration-tool
development
 Development. Consisting of workshops to validate the vision, identify gaps and
niches, establish links between technology and capability needs and timing, and
recommend future R&D projects to address these gaps and niches
 Implementation. In the context of the Soldier System, this consists of an annual
soldier systems conference, continued dialog with collaboration tools, sponsored
and unsolicited R&D projects, and ongoing revision of the roadmap plan to adapt
to a changing vision or changing external drivers.
The Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap has entered the second phase –
Development. The Visioning and Future Capabilities Workshop was the first of several
workshops planned for this phase.
Page 19 of 68

20. Page 20 of 68

21. 3.3 Visioning Workshop Logistics
Based on "Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap: Workshop Opening, Phil Carr, The
Strategic Review Group Inc.
Workshop Objective, Process, and Product
The opening exercise for any technology roadmap is typically a visioning session. It
brings together stakeholders to "think outside the box" and explore ways to work
together to define and achieve specific goals – in this case, related to the soldier system
of the future, part of the Army of Tomorrow (AoT) – and to explore ideas about how
technology might help meet the goals and what must be done to ensure that it does.
In the case of the Soldier Systems TRM workshop, close to 200 people representing
industry, government, and academia met for two days to contribute to the development
of a vision of the future soldier system. For a list of attendees, see Appendix B, List of
Visioning Workshop Participants.
Page 21 of 68

22. Page 22 of 68

23. 3.4 The Canadian Soldier Modernization Effort
Based on Canadian Soldier Modernization Effort, Global market, and NATO Vision,
LCol M.A. Bodner, DLR5
A Soldier-Centric Solution
The Canadian Soldier Modernization Effort takes a soldier-centric perspective of future
capabilities.
The objective is the continuous improvement of the capability to meet Canadian and
Canadian Forces defence requirements, so that the Army remains strategically relevant
and tactically decisive over time.
The development process by which land capabilities are conceived, designed, and
developed, has four phases:
 Conceive. Operating concepts are conceived and translated into capability
requirements
 Design. Selected capability requirements are translated into validated designs
for force employment
 Build. The components are integrated to realize the capability of the Army
 Manage. The process is continually managed to ensure continuous effective
capability development
The Interoperability Challenge
One of the major challenges associated with the modernization effort is ensuring that all
of the many components that make up the soldier system are interoperable. Canada, as
part of NATO, is involved in defining and adhering to levels of standardization to help
ensure interoperability.
Page 23 of 68

24. Page 24 of 68

25. 3.5 Technology Mindmap and Technology Readiness Levels
Based on Soldier Systems Technology Mindmap & Readiness/Maturity Levels, David
Tack, Humansystems Inc.
Mind Mapping Key Technologies
Mind mapping has been used by DND to identify and organize a wide range of soldier-
systems-relevant technologies and developments that could help address soldier system
capability requirements up to the year 2020.
DND has broken down the highest-level mind map into lower-level maps that focus on
the individuals soldier system mind map, team tactical systems mind maps, and team of
team operational and strategic mind maps. The components are many and complex –
more than 900 technology items have been identified – and the soldier system mind map
alone can be broken down into a number of lower-level mind maps.
Technology Readiness Levels
When planning future systems, a key consideration is the ability to measure the maturity
level of a technology, in order to assess when it might become operational. With different
industries, perspectives, terminologies, processes, and cultures involved in the various
projects associated with each technology, this is not an easy task.
There are many models for measuring technology maturity, including technology
readiness levels (TRL), integration maturity levels (IML), system readiness levels (SRL),
design maturity levels (DML), and manufacturing readiness levels (MRL).
DND's solution to the many approaches is to develop a common measurement that
includes technology readiness, integration maturity, design maturity, system maturity,
and manufacturability. This Technology Readiness Level scale is the baseline against
which technology maturity levels are measured.
Understanding and tracking technology readiness levels will be one of the success
factors of the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmapping project. Industry is encouraged
to contribute to this using the Industry Collaboration and Exchange Environment (ICEE),
a database and online Wiki. For more information, visit http://soldiersystems-
systemesdusoldat.collaboration.gc.ca/
Page 25 of 68

26. Page 26 of 68

27. 3.6 Human Systems Integration
Based on Human Systems Integration: Soldier system Challenges & Trade-Offs, Major
Linda Bossi, Human Factors Engineer, Integrated Soldier Systems Project
The Soldier System and Human Factors Engineering
Human factors engineering must be taken into consideration when examining any
aspect of soldier system technology.
This means applying knowledge of human characteristics, capabilities, limitations, and
needs to the specification, design, development, testing, and acquisition of equipment
and systems. It is a multi-disciplinary field that combines psychology, physiology, and
engineering, and the challenges are many and complex.
Page 27 of 68

28. Page 28 of 68

29. 3.7 Micro Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (Luncheon Conference)
Based on Flapping Wing Aerodynamics for Insect-Size Drones, Mr. F. Lesage, DRDC –
a luncheon conference
Insect-Size Drones – Nano Air Vehicles (NAV)
NAVs are a new class of military system that offer the possibility of being able to gather
critical information in urban operations.
Their benefits include low visibility, precision, low cost and weight, little or no logistical
footprint, and mission versatility. They are able to hover, perch, and perform other high
agility manoeuvres, and offer a potential technology for indoor reconnaissance.
Page 29 of 68

30. Page 30 of 68

31. 3.8 The Future Security Environment
Based on The Future Security Environment, Mr. Peter Gizewski, Defence
Scientist/Strategic Analyst, LCORT/DLCD-Land Futures
What's Ahead?
Globalization, power shifts in the international system, resource scarcities, state
weakness and collapse, identity and distributional issues, rapid scientific and
technological innovation, demographic shifts, disease, the rising significance of non-
state actors – these trends and more must be factored into an assessment of the future
environment in which the soldier, and the soldier system, will be required to operate.
The battle-space can be expected to become increasingly complex, multi-dimensional,
non-linear, uncertain, and lethal. Conflict will occur on a variety of fronts – moral, socio-
political, economic, military, abroad and at home – often simultaneously. Enemies can
be expected to have a greater capacity to rapidly adapt to Western thinking and strategy.
Governments will face multiple challenges, including multi-tasking, bureaucratic turf
wars, and ministerial agendas. International organizations will likely confer legitimacy,
but operational problems will continue. Regional organizations and alliances will
increase in credibility, and NGOs and IGOs can be expected to gain power and
credibility.
Implications for the Army and Soldier of the Future
As a result of these expected developments, the Army must become even more
adaptive, networked, agile, combat effective, sustainable. The focus must increasingly
be on joint, interagency, multinational and public-focused operations.
To meet the challenges ahead, the Canadian Forces must exploit new technologies,
particularly enhanced decision-making aids and robotics whenever possible. And it must
optimize its use and management of energy and seek alternative energy sources.
Page 31 of 68

32. Page 32 of 68

33. 3.9 The Army of Tomorrow and the Future
Based on Land Concept and Capability Development: "Army of Tomorrow" and
"Future Army 2040, LtCol Ron Bell, Directorate of Land Concepts and Designs
The Soldier of Today, Tomorrow, and Beyond
The soldier system is evolving. And it must continue to evolve if it is to be capable of
fulfilling its role in the anticipated future security environment.
The soldier system must be capable of operating in diverse environments, facing diverse
threats, and performing diverse tasks. Operations can be expected to include peacetime
military engagement, peace support, stability and defensive operations, as well as
offensive operations that include counter-insurgency and major combat.
Operational Functions
To address the expected environment and tasks, the Army of the future must excel in
five areas of operation:
 Command. The operational function that integrates all the operational functions
into a single comprehensive strategic, operational or tactical level concept
 Sense. The operational function that provides the commander with knowledge
 Act. The operational function that integrates manoeuver, firepower and offensive
information operations to achieve desired effects
 Shield. The operational function that provides for the protection of a force's
survivability and freedom of action
 Sustain. The operational function that integrates strategic, operational, and
tactical levels of support to generate and maintain force capability
The overarching goal of the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap is to help put in
place the superior planning processes needed to ensure that the Army of Tomorrow and
the Army of the Future can meet these challenges and achieve its goals.
Page 33 of 68

34. Page 34 of 68

35. 4. Focusing the Vision: Key Areas of the Soldier
System
The introductory presentations described in chapter 3. Setting the Scene: A Vision of the
Future Soldier System, were followed by presentations in the four key focus areas –
Power/Energy & Sustainability, C4I/Sensors, Survivability and Personal Protective
Equipment, and Lethal and Non-Lethal Weapons. A breakout session followed the
presentation in each area. This chapter describes the breakout session process, and
summarizes the focused presentations and breakout session results.
Focused Presentations and Sessions
 Power / Energy & Sustainability
Breakout Session 1: Power/Energy & Sustainability
 C4ISR (Command, Control, Communication, Computers, Surveillance,
Reconnaissance) & Sensors
Breakout Session 2: C4I/Sensors
 Clothing, Footwear & Load Carriage
 Personal Protective Equipment & Survivability
 Smart Textiles (Lunch Conference)
 Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN)
Breakout Session 3: Survivability and Personal Protective Equipment
 Lethal Weapons/Non-Lethal Weapons
Breakout Session 4: Lethal/Non-Lethal Weapons
The workshop presentations are available at: www.StrategicReviewGroup.ca
Page 35 of 68

36. How the Breakout Sessions Worked
During the breakout sessions – one of
which followed each of the focused The Visioning Drivers
presentations – participants at about a In each of four breakout sessions, participants
dozen tables brought their expertise to addressed these questions:
bear on each area of focus. Each table 1. How does your specific industry segment
had a leader who chaired the relate to this technology area (e.g., soldier-
discussion, and a recorder who level power/energy/ sustainability)?
summarized the results of the 2. Based on DND's vision for 15 years out for
discussion on a flip chart. that technology area, what does this
technology need to be able to do in 10 years,
To ensure that multiple perspectives then in 5 years? (Or, perhaps in the other
were brought to the discussions, direction: short, medium, longer-term.). Always
facilitators ensured that each table maintain the soldier-level perspective: "why"
included a mix of participants from the soldier needs this technology.
industry, government, and academia. 3. If a technical discussion is going to be held on
this technology area (e.g., power/energy/
Each table was given the same sustainability), is there a fundamental question
visioning questions to address (see that definitely needs to be considered by
sidebar). They focused on developing DND/CF/DRDC?
a vision for a soldier system 5, 10, and
Optional, if time permits
15 years into the future.
4. What categories does this area break down
Topics that did not relate to the into, to ensure a holistic/integrated discussion
visioning exercise goals – for example, about technologies?
the government procurement process 5. What has to be considered when discussing
or DND policies or processes – were how this technology area links to other soldier-
level technology areas
placed in a "parking lot" for
(connectivity/integration)?
consideration at another time in
another setting. (For a list, see Parking
Lot Issues, on page 56.)
Following each breakout session, selected tables reported the results of their
discussions to all the participants. In addition, the flip chart notes generated at each
table were collected, compiled, and analyzed. The results were used to generate the
visioning breakout summaries in this chapter, and will serve as a base for each of the
coming Soldier Systems TRM workshops.
Page 36 of 68

37. 4.1 Power/Energy and Sustainability
Based on Power/Energy & Sustainability: Vision & Future Capability Requirements,
Ed Andrukaitis, Defence R&D Canada, and Claude Lemelin, DSSPM
The Requirements and the Challenges
Energy supply has always been a critical component of combat. It is fundamental to the
soldier, and everything the soldier carries has an impact on energy consumption and
sustainability.
The power consumed by a soldier in the course of operations requires a source and a
method of distribution and management. Soldiers need to minimize energy demand,
optimize energy use, and manage peak power. The focus must be on generation,
transportation, and distribution of power.
Although typically thought of as electrical power, sustainability of power as a combat
supply involves many variables, including food energy, water, clothing, ammunition,
medical support, load carriage, focused logistics, and more.
Power can be derived from an energy source, such as batteries, or potentially harvested
and scavenged from a range of sources, such as the soldier's heel strike, weapons
discharge, and other activities. At present, soldiers carry many batteries, including
spares, and there is no "one size fits all" solution.
When discussing power generation, affordability must be taken into account. Future
energy solutions being considered at present include fuel cells, batteries, thermoelectric
generators, and a variety of energy harvesting techniques and technologies.
As with all of the areas of focus of the Soldier Systems TRM, power and energy must be
viewed as something to be integrated with every aspect of a soldier's equipment or
activity. For example, integration of power and data transmission in textiles would enable
higher efficiency, less weight, and a better form factor. It would also address the need for
an integrated architecture for the soldier system, by transporting data and energy on the
same medium.
Page 37 of 68

38. When it comes to power, optimization is key, and the following considerations should be
kept in mind:
 Power-aware doesn't necessarily imply minimization of power or energy
 Decreasing average power does not imply decreasing maximum power
 Power and energy efficiency should be viewed as separate design goals
 Power-constrained applications are distinct from energy-constrained ones
 Energy-constrained systems do not always target energy minimization
In summary, energy is fundamental to the soldier. Everything a soldier carries has an
impact on energy consumption/sustainability. Energy is expensive. Power demand must
be kept acceptable in terms of cost and load. Each component of the soldier system is a
trade-off when it comes to energy consumption and carrying load. The goal is to
leverage existing and future technologies to provide a superior power generation and
consumption model for the soldier system.
Page 38 of 68

39. Power/Energy Sustainability Breakout Session Visioning
Sample responses to Visioning Question 2: To realize the soldier system vision, what
does technology need to be able to do 5, 10 and 15 years into the future?
 Miniaturization
 Weight Reduction
 System Interoperability
5 yr 10 yr 15 yr
 Hardware/Software Integration
 Rechargeable Power Sources
 Self-Generating Power Sources
5 yr 10 yr 15 yr
 Dynamic Power Management (DPM)
 Power and Equipment Fully Integrated
 Alternative Power Sources (bio fuel)
5 yr 10 yr 15 yr
Page 39 of 68

40. Summary of Participant Visioning Input – Power/Energy Sustainability
5 Years 10 Years 15 Years
 Miniaturization  Integrate software features with  Fully integrated personal protective
 Graceful degradation equipment equipment for CBRN (chemical,
 Smart armour biological, radiological, nuclear)
 Standardize batteries – one size
fits all  Transmit information from sight to  Dynamic Power Management (DPM)
 Lighter personal protection/armour visor  Reasonable cost
 High-efficiency LEDs  No more throw-away batteries  Integrated human factors at design
 Power weapon rail  Reduced fuel consumption stage
 Greater reliability and re-  Robot soldiers
 Light-weight, secure, authenticated
mobile communications system configurability of components  New energy generation capabilities
 Interoperability, with improved  Increased power monitoring and  Fuel cell/battery hybrid system
rechargeable capability harvesting/scavenging  Harvest energy from ammo
 Explore power harvesting  Solar panels on equipment  Improved power density
capabilities from ongoing activities  Harvest energy from weapons  Alternative power sources (bio fuel)
(e.g., weapon firing, boot heel discharge (mechanical, kinetic, light,
 Wearable power sources and
strike, body movement) acoustic, thermal)
supplies that can be recharged once
 More efficient power generation  Battery integration into textiles inside a vehicle
and distribution while lightening the  Engineering perspective to focus on  Integrated power and data network
load reduced consumption
 Power generation in uniform
 Solar uniform for trickle charge  Nano fibres for lightness and power
 Increased power harvesting in all
 Better management of power transmission
areas
consumed in C4ISR components  Rechargeable power sources
 Enable transfer of power among
 Increased power awareness  Self-generating power sources individuals in the group
 Rechargeable power source to  Caseless ammo for reduced weight  Power generation from solar and
replace current disposable
 Mission-specific batteries textiles
batteries
 Integrate battery into garment textile  Improved energy storage
 User-selected power degradation
If a technical discussion is going to be held on this technology area, is there a fundamental question that definitely needs to
be considered by DND/CF/DRDC?
1. Focus on good architecture as a starting point – modular design, standard interfaces.
2. Environmental issues must be taken into account; increase sophistication, but decrease complexity; manage power as
a group.
3. Need some clarity on the role/conops for the soldier in order to determine the technologies he/she will need, and then
examine the power question.
4. Consider the group as a system: does everyone need everything?
Page 40 of 68

41. 4.2 C4I/Sensors
Based on:
 C4I, Sensors and Navigation, Major B Turmel and P. Comtois
 Land Force C4ISR Strategy, LCol Walter Wood, DLR4
The Requirements and the Challenges
In the Soldier Systems context, C4I/Sensors focuses on all aspects of command,
control, communications, intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and friend-vs.-foe
identification for the dismounted soldier6.
C4I technology currently in use by the dismounted soldier includes radio
communications systems, unmanned and manned aerial surveillance vehicles,
unattended ground sensors, robotic surveillance vehicles – essentially all aspects of
human intelligence and electronic warfare. Additional components of the solution include
night-vision goggles, laser-aiming systems, thermal binoculars and weapon sights, and
handheld Global Positioning Systems.
The goal for the army of tomorrow is to be ―network enabled.‖ Networked sensors,
weapon systems, and soldiers must be able to leverage the military advantages that the
effective integration of information systems – both human and technological – can
produce through the creation and exploitation of information.
The future army's vision is for a multi-dimensional seamless system driven by
revolutionary developments in artificial intelligence, robotics, and sensor systems. These
include neural man-machine interfaces, rapid prototyping, and alternative power
sources. The end goal is to provide a fully integrated, interoperable, network-enabled,
command-centric C4ISR system for land operations that meet overall Canadian Forces
program objectives.
6
The area is also known as C4ISR (Command, Control, Communication, Computers,
Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance) or ISTAR C2 (Intelligence, Surveillance, Target
Acquisition, and Reconnaissance – Command and Control).
Page 41 of 68

42. As with all aspects of the soldier system, integration is key, and weight is an issue. More
devices mean more batteries and more weight. Integrating and standardizing
components is a major goal – for example, developing modular head-borne systems that
adjust to the type of threat, have built-in BCID (battlefield combat identification)
capabilities, increase visual and audition capabilities, and include a personal weapon
sight.
Other factors include the need to function both night and day in all kinds of operational
conditions, to control multiple sensors at the same time, to develop line of sight
weapons, and to coordinate the activities of individual soldiers with air and artillery
components. There is also the question of how to overcome information overload and
focus on what matters, as well as on security aspects of communications.
The following table summarizes constraints and limitations, as well as capability
requirements and challenges related to C4ISR.
Page 42 of 68

43. C4ISR Vision and Future Capability Requirements
Constraints and Limitations
 Weight (miniaturization of C4ISR-related technology)
 Volume (miniaturization of C4ISR-related technology
 Power consumption
 Information overload
 Policy (frequency spectrum allocation, security policies)
 Programmatic realities – Integration issues highly depend on coordination between many
capital projects
 Absence of ―commercial infrastructure‖
 $$$
Vision and Future Capability Requirements (Geo-location capability)
 Improved performance of geo-location capability
o Friendly forces and assets (moving sensors)
o Enemy forces
 Where are my buddies now?
 Where is the enemy now?
 Current limitation
 Integrated Blue Force Tracking (BFT) and Battlefield Combat Identification (BCDI)?
Vision and Future Capability Requirements (Communication Capability)
 High throughput for rich services
 Coverage in different environment
 Operation in Canada and abroad (licensing)
 Adaptable waveform (Performance optimized for environment and mission)
 Connectivity with higher echelon services and sensors
 RF unfriendly environment – new communication technologies such as magnetic induction
Wireless Soldier
 PDA
 Event-driven info NEC network
 Body area network
 Weapon (RFID tag, IR camera)
 Helmet (GPS, Camera, Visor display)
 Wireless earplugs
 Watch (ID, GPS, Time, Telephone …)
 Ammo cartridge with RFID
Page 43 of 68

44. C4ISR Vision and Future Capability Requirements (cont’d)
Sensors
 ―Soldier feed‖ from the network
 Threat detection
 Physiological sensors?
 Disposable micro/nano UGS and UAVs
 Look through wall sensors
 Precise human target detection, recognition, identification and tracking capability
 Sensors and effectors Integration
o Sensor remote control and interrogation
o Weapon Remote control
o Soldier as a sensor
Integration with Higher Infrastructure and Platforms
 Soldier’s C4ISR capability between mounted state and dismounted state should be almost
transparent and transition should be ―smooth‖
 Voice and data services should be provided and controlled from the same input and output
devices
 Security solution transparent to user
 Fully enabled JIMP (Joint, Inter-agency, Multi-national and Public) Capability
 Sensors and effectors Integration – target handoff
Information Management
 Appropriate information presented to dismounted soldier and commander
o What information he needs to do his job
o ―Context-based‖ information (mission based/task based)
o Avoid information overload
o Pre-processed/‖Fused‖ information
 Decision aid tools in order to
o Support situation analysis
o Achieve situation awareness faster
o Provide options to do better informed decision
Page 44 of 68

45. C4I/Sensors Visioning Breakout Session Visioning
Sample responses to Visioning Question 2: To realize the soldier system vision, what
does technology need to be able to do 5, 10 and 15 years into the future?
 Sensors Integrated into Materials
 Miniaturization
 Wireless Soldier Network
5 yr 10 yr 15 yr
 Large-scale deployment of Integrated System
 Wireless Voice, Data, and Video
 Device Integration and Reduced Power Needs
5 yr 10 yr 15 yr
 Cross-functional Integration with Body Armour
 Fully integrated Future Army
 Micro UAVs
5 yr 10 yr 15 yr
Page 45 of 68

46. Summary of Participant Visioning Input – C4I/Sensors
5 Years 10 Years 15 Years
 Sensor integration into materials  Large-scale deployment of integrated  Cross-functional integrations
system between C4ISR materials and
 Textiles with biometric sensors
electronics and body armour and
 Standard device/platform
 Wiring power and data through weapons
fabrics  Information exchange standards
 Full integration of future army
 Funding of immediate capabilities  Decide on display method/input
 Dynamic symbology
method/platform
 Convergence of silo developments
 Horizontal/vertical integration and
 Wireless voice, data, and video
 Early goal setting essential for universal interoperability
delivery of an integrated solution  Access to persistent surveillance
 Shared video (frequency allocation
(e.g., UAV feed)
 Increase bandwidth for soldiers does not allow improved
(voice and data)  Biometrics security system for bandwidth)
personnel/material in hands of enemy
 "Solve" power problem  Parallel networks or one common
 Ability to upload to intelligence network
 Investigate use of symbols for visual
database
communications (more effective  Micro UAVs
internationally)  10 watts for soldier – miniaturization
 Remote disable/biometric disable
 50% less power for same capability  Encryption/encoding of voice/data
 Training standard device to device
 Miniaturization  Miniaturization and decreased power
 Sunglasses that gather, organize,
usage
 Wireless network between soldiers transmit, present data
 Vertical and horizontal info flows and
 On-soldier display  Cultural shift means new
decision making
perspectives
 Usable, intuitive, user-friendly
 Fusion of devices and decreased
components  Faster time to deploy
power usage
 Goggles with visual display  Wearable power sources and
 New sensor capabilities
supplies that can be recharged
 All-weather-enabled sensors
 Common secure wireless once inside the vehicle and power
 Nanotechnology in garments to communications all C4I/Sensor components
recognize allies
 Increased bandwidth  Miniaturization and increased
 Wireless push-to-talk in weapon power usage
 Profiles for different users –
 Build "tiger team" of industry to authentication  All sensors controlled by one item
identify integration possibilities (e.g., sunglasses)
If a technical discussion is going to be held on this technology area, is there a fundamental question that definitely needs to
be considered by DND/CF/DRDC?
1. Security personnel must have agreed-upon policies and standards.
2. Need to keep in mind generational differences in attitudes and ways of interacting with technology.
3. Important for army to have a comprehensive C4SI strategy and manage technology development.
Page 46 of 68

47. 4.3 Survivability and Personal Protective Equipment
Based on:
 Clothing Footwear Load Carriage Equipment, Major L.A. Coghill DLR-5-10
 Shield/Survivability & Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), Capt. R.T.
Montague, DLR-5-10-2
 Smart Textile Applications for the Soldier of the Future, Jean Dumas, DRDC
Valcartier
 Joint CBRN Physical Protection, Major Kevin Caldwell D CBRN D 2-5
The Requirements and the Challenges
Survivability and personal protective equipment for the dismounted soldier includes
clothing, footwear, and load carriage equipment. When clothing and equipping the
soldier, a wide range of potential threats must be taken into account, including:
 environmental hazards, such as weather, bacteria and disease, temperature
extremes, wind, water (rain and immersion ), dust, insects and animals
 attack from individuals,
 improvised explosive devices
 occupational hazards, such as fratricide, crime, and enemy sympathizers
 ballistic and non-ballistic hazards
 fragmentation, flame, flash and heat, blast, laser, noise
 chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) threats
Technology that addresses the issue of survivability and protection tends to focus on
layering of lightweight breathable materials with moisture-wicking and other capabilities.
Also included are climate-specific boots and clothing, goggles, hats, pads, body armour,
mosquito nets, and anti-bug coatings. The focus is increasingly on lightweight
multifunctional materials in combined layers, and a range of nanotechnologies for health
monitoring, insulation, and ventilation.
As with all other aspects of the soldier system, weight must be taken into account, and
integration with all other aspects of the system must be considered. For example, nano-
fibers capable of transferring energy and data would address both weight and integration
issues.
Page 47 of 68

48. Other aspects of survivability include signature management for identification of friendly
combatants; multispectral camouflage for a variety of environments; a load carriage
system that is light, modular, flexible, and provides universal attachments for integration
of all gear; and improved shields to protect both the soldier and non-combatants.
Because almost three-quarters of what a soldier touches or uses is in the form of flexible
or textile materials, one hope is that smart textile technologies can be used to address
many of these requirements and greatly increase operational efficiency.
Once again, the key to success is viewed as convergence and integration. And the
overall goal remains to increase protection against all hazards over all parts of the body
while lowering weight, stiffness, and cost. Solutions must be acceptable to the soldier,
capable of adapting to different situations, and durable.
Page 48 of 68

49. Page 49 of 68

50. Survivability and Personal Protective Equipment Breakout Session Results
Sample responses to Visioning Question 2: To realize the soldier system vision, what
does technology need to be able to do 5, 10 and 15 years into the future?
 Lighter, More Efficient Clothing
 Integration With Other Components of Soldier System
 Greater Functionality (durable, anti-microbial, etc.)
5 yr 10 yr 15 yr
 Smart Fibers
 Automatic Environment Control/First Aid
 Embedded Microsensors
5 yr 10 yr 15 yr
 Phase-changing materials
 Multi-function System (ballistic, biological, etc.)
 Exo-mechanical Load Assist
5 yr 10 yr 15 yr
Page 50 of 68

51. Summary of Participant Input – Survivability and Personal Protective Equipment
5 Years 10 Years 15 Years
 Investigate thermal, wet, durability,  Introduction of smart fibres for  Light, flexible displays on the arm
disposable uniforms (situation protection, wicking, fire connections through textiles
dependent)  Increased durability (washing, service  Innovative input devices to
 Maintain IR reduction capabilities life) withstand environment
(even in zippers)  "Automatic" first aid  Layers of textiles for protection,
 Continue human factors  Re-usable, recycled fibres with wicking, comfort
considerations recoverable base components  Adopt technology used by people
 Integration with other soldier  CBRN integration and create applications and plug-
systems components (armour)  EM/P shield ins to use in military setting
 Other solder system components  Exoskeleton  Phase-changing materials
should always consider integration
 Clothes that gadgets plug into  Chameleon (visual, thermal, IR)
into clothing  Multi-function system (bio, ballistic,
 Self adjusting solution – e.g., self-
 Cooling system, lighter interim chemical etc.)
adapting to temperature
garment  Active material that reacts
 CBRN protection (short term)
 Define an architecture philosophy automatically to threats
 Insect repellent in tissue
 Decontamination system  Task/environment specific
 More flexible armour
 Interface between helmet and frag protection
 Self-adapting tissue (thermal)
vest  Directed energy
 Integration of head-mounted  Energy harvested from movement
 More adaptable, integrated,
sensors etc. with helmet  Robotic assisted carriage modular, practical, lighter
 Physiological sensors in first layer  Biometric energy, weight reduction integrated solution
 Multiple layers, multiple materials,  Embedded micro sensors and IM  CBRN protection
each layer tailored to type of components  Adaptive armour, with help of
activity/mission  Physiological sensors integrated into intelligent tissues or shear
 Backwards and frontwards clothing thickening liquid
compatibility  Integrated environmental sensors  Energy storage system in helmet or
 Self-wicking, non-melting (CBRN, heat) armour
 Better anti-microbial in fibre  Task and environment-specific  Completely adaptive camouflage
 Better cooling fibre protection, with compatible  Communications in uniform
technologies
 Better armour with same weight  Thermo-textile energy conversion
 Enhanced durability  Adaptive visual masking textiles
 More adjustable carriage  Exo-mechanical load assist
 Nano-material ballistic protection
If a technical discussion is going to be held on this technology area, is there a fundamental question that definitely needs to
be considered by DND/CF/DRDC?
1. Must address the trade-off between comfort and protection (e.g., CBRN suit).
2. Address heat buildup in uniform as equipment is added.
3. Need to consider protection from failure of equipment.
4. Modularity could cause soldier customization, which could decrease protection.
Page 51 of 68

52. 4.4 Lethal and Non-Lethal Weapons
Based on:
 Canadian Army Portable Weapons Future Needs & Capabilities, Major Bruce
Gilchrist, NATO LCG 1 Weapons and Sensors Team
 Canadian Army Non-Lethal Requirements, Major Stéphane Dufour, NATO TG3
Vice-Chairman / NATO DAT 11 Team Project Director
The Requirements and the Challenges
The soldier system includes both lethal weapons for combat roles, and non-lethal
weapons for crowd control and similar situations.
Lethal Weapons
Rifles, sniper systems, anti-armour weapons, close-area suppression and multiple-
effects weapons are all vital components of the soldier system. These weapons include
sensors and electronic devices to help the soldier locate targets and improve accuracy.
Current capability deficiencies in the area of lethal weapons include inadequate lethality
because weapons do not defeat increased personal protection, a lack of multi-effect
ammunition, the need for greater firing accuracy, the need for better sighting capabilities
in all conditions, and noise and flash management. In addition, ergonomic improvements
are needed to optimize weight, compactness, and operating capabilities.
The Canadian Forces have ongoing weapons upgrades and research projects designed
to improve the quality of their lethal weapons. A systems approach aims to select
component technologies based on Analytical Hierarchy Procedure and Human Systems
Integration. Operational analysis is used to predict and assess weapon systems options.
As a NATO member, Canada's choice of weapons aims for compliance with
standardized agreements (STANAGs) to ensure that common operational capabilities
are supported by all alliance members. NATO is conducting research into lethal
weapons, with groups looking at technical interfaces, power, and human factors
expected to report in December 2009. Canada's SARP 2 (Small Arms Replacement
Project 2) is an ongoing project to replace the forces small arms capabilities. Issues
facing the project include the need to coordinate with the Integrated Soldier System
Project (ISSP), the U.S. Army, and NATO.
Page 52 of 68

53. Non-Lethal Weapons
With the Canadian Forces increasingly deployed in population centres and situations
where combatants are not clearly identifiable, there is a greater need for non-lethal
weapons that control populations without resulting in undesired casualties.
The goal of non-lethal weapons is to apply force appropriately, with scalable effects for
different types of threats. A non-lethal capability is required to warn, confirm intent,
discriminate, and ensure compliance from local populations of an undetermined combat
status, within a range ensuring force protection and capability overmatch.
Non-lethal weapons that are available now, or soon will be, include a laser dazzler;
pepper spray; traditional crowd confrontation equipment, such as shields, personal
protective equipment, and batons; 12 gauge bean bag and 40 mm sponge rounds; and
distraction devices ( aka Flash Bang grenades). Both NATO and the Canadian Forces
have ongoing research and development projects aimed at efficiently and reliably
measuring effects, and building better non-lethal weapons with improved range,
accuracy, scalability of effect, reliability, and reversibility of effects.
Page 53 of 68

54. Lethal and Non-Lethal Weapons Breakout Session Visioning
Sample responses to Visioning Question 2: To realize the soldier system vision, what
must technology be able to do 5, 10 and 15 years into the future?
 Power Rail
 Improved Accuracy
 Integrated Lethal and Non-Lethal Capabilities
5 yr 10 yr 15 yr
 Robust Soldier-to-Soldier Network
 Removable Sights
 Variable-Power Laser
5 yr 10 yr 15 yr
 Smart Targeting
 Caseless Ammunition
 Less Weight, Better Integrated Target Acquisition
5 yr 10 yr 15 yr
Page 54 of 68

55. Summary of Participant Visioning Input – Lethal and Non-Lethal Weapons
5 Years 10 Years 15 Years
 Powered rail essential  Create robust soldier-to-soldier  Smart targeting using sensor network
network – marking, targeting, identification
 Calibre/lethality selectability
 Better distance/accuracy non-lethal  Adaptive lethal/non-lethal personal
 Video sighting
weapons wan
 Non-lethal high-voltage, self-
 Removable sight  Adjustable (auto) kinetics/variable
generated lightning bolt
mussle velocity
 Non-projectile weapons
 Acoustic and disorientation devices
 Smart projectile
 Warning technology
 Vehicle engine jammer
 Automated target
 Laser with variable power
 Power standard detection/identification and
 EMP to stop vehicle engagement
 Progression of robotic support
 Technology built into clothing  Fire control system – integrates
 Investigate long-distance and
displaced point of aim based upon
better accuracy NL weapons  Unique pattern recognition to
fact-embedded TRG
friends
 Test methodology standards  "Netted" capability at section/platoon
 Long-range detection of threat
 EMP round to disable vehicles
 "Smart" ammo with scalable effects
 Weapon connected with power
 FN 303 round – 85 m range vs.
supply on kit or uniform  Case-less ammo
40m
 Magazine feed direct from uniform –  Enhanced resolution OLED
 Accuracy, precision management
no reloading necessary
 Cost-effective range finding
 Combine aim and dazzler sights
 Non-lethal (sedative air burst)
 Use recoil for energy/power
 Variable velocity bullet
 Get rid of cartridge
 Vented propellant chamber
 Decrease weight
 Projectile doing both lethal and
non-lethal rose  Better target acquisition
If a technical discussion is going to be held on this technology area, is there a fundamental question that definitely needs to
be considered by DND/CF/DRDC?
 Must maintain focus on training and skill. Must be able to revert to marksmanship should all else fail.
Page 55 of 68

56. 4.5 Parking Lot Issues
Topics that arose during the discussions, but that did not focus directly on technology
and the soldier system, were placed in a "parking lot." For example, discussion of
command and control vs. the soldier's freedom to choose, the importance of training to
the soldier system, intellectual property concerns, regulatory policies, and funding
issues, were all considered "parking lot" material.
Parking lot issues that arose included the following:
1. R&D budgets in Industry must be addressed. There is a need for greater
budgets.
2. Need Canadian industry support and protection to achieve these goals.
3. Access to government funding needed.
4. Generational differences will have to be addressed (e.g., the baby boomer
soldier vs. the Gen X soldier). How to bridge the gap?
5. Better processes are needed for smoother interaction between industry and
DND.
6. Industry can provide improvements, but seems unable to get them to the military.
Or, the military is unable to capitalize on improvements.
7. Must have better communication between DND and industry.
Page 56 of 68

57. 5. The End of the Beginning
The Visioning and Future Capabilities Workshop was designed to stimulate a discussion
among a wide range of stakeholders in government, industry, and academia about future
soldier system capabilities and the technologies that could be involved in building them.
It also focused on what must be done to ensure that the necessary research and
development is carried out to make the technology and capabilities a reality.
The thoughtful and enthusiastic input of the presenters and workshop participants – as
indicated by the presentation overviews and breakout session summaries in this report –
is a clear indication that this discussion got well underway during the workshop.
5.1 Next Steps in the Roadmapping Project
The Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap Visioning and Future Capabilities Workshop
was just the beginning of the Development phase of the roadmap journey. A technology
roadmap changes constantly over time, as communication among stakeholders
continues, new stakeholders join the process, technologies evolve, new technologies
emerge, and more information and ideas become available – often because of the
synergy resulting from the range of participants and their interactions during and after
the visioning exercise.
If the number of business cards exchanged at the Visioning and Future Capabilities
Workshop is any indication, the discussion among representatives of the industries and
organizations attending the workshop has just begun – ideas will continue to be
generated, and the vision of the Soldier System of the future will evolve and sharpen.
Future Workshops
The Visioning and Future Capabilities Workshop is just the first of several workshops
planned as part of the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap. (For a schedule, see
page 58.)
Future workshops will focus in greater detail on each of the four areas addressed in the
Visioning workshop – Power, C4I, Survivability, and Lethality/Non-Lethality. Each
workshop will result in its own summary report. Following all of the workshops, a Cap
Stone report will summarize the results of the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap up
to that time, and outline the next steps in the ongoing roadmapping process.
Page 57 of 68

58. 5.2 Schedule of Upcoming Workshops
Upcoming Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap Workshops
Subject to change. For the latest schedule, see:
http://soldiersystems-systemesdusoldat.collaboration.gc.ca/eic/site/sstrm-
crtss.nsf/eng/h_00018.html
Workshop Date Location
Sheraton
Vancouver Wall
Power/Energy/Sustainability September 21–23, 2009 Centre
Vancouver, B.C.
Weapons: Lethal and Non-Lethal November 24-26, 2009 Toronto, Ontario
C4I (Command, Control,
Communications, Computers, January 27-28, 2010 Calgary, Alberta
Intelligence)
Quebéc City,
Sensors March, 2010
Québec
Survivability/Personal Protective
Equipment/Footwear/Clothing/Load May/June, 2010 Ottawa, Ontario
Carriage
Halifax, Nova
Enabling Technologies/Future Projects September, 2010
Scotia
Roadmap Integration November, 2010 Ottawa, Ontario
Page 58 of 68

59. A. Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap
Governance
The Soldier Systems TRM is guided by the following:
 Technology Roadmap Senior Review Board (TRMSRB)
An independent Technology Roadmap Senior Review Board (TRMSRB) oversees
the Soldier Systems TRM.
 Executive Steering Committee (ESC)
An Executive Steering Committee (ESC) provides general guidance on the
operational development of the Soldier Systems TRM. Led by two co-chairs — the
Canadian Forces sponsor and the Industry Representative — the ESC is composed
of industry (50%) and government senior representatives (50%).
 Technical Subcommittees
Technical Subcommittees (TSCs) guide the development of the technical workshops
and review the information captured in the ICee collaborative tool. Each
subcommittee has two co-chairs — one from industry, one from government — and
is composed of technical experts from industry and government. The TSCs focus on
the following sub-components of the roadmap:
 Power/Energy/Sustainability
 Weapons: Lethal and Non-Lethal
 C4I (Control, Command, Communications, Computers, Intelligence)
 Sensors
 Survivability/Personal Protective Equipment/Footwear/Clothing/Load Carriage
 Enabling Technologies/Future Projects
 Roadmap Integration
Note: All non-government members of the Executive Steering Committee and
Technical Committees are selected through joint industry-government consultation.
They are expected to sign and follow an ethics code.
 Facilitator
The Strategic review Group Inc. — hired as a facilitator through a competitive
process — organizes the workshops and committee meetings, prepares minutes of
the sessions, and develops Technology Roadmap reports.
Page 59 of 68

60. B. List of Visioning and Future Capabilities
Workshop Participants
Visioning Workshop Participants
Last Name First Name Organization
Addison Tim CGI Information & Management Consultants Inc.
Anctil Benoit Biokinetics and Associates Ltd.
Andrukaitis, Dr. E. DRDC
Arden Dale Defence R&D Canada
Balma Robert Department of National Defence
Beckett Richard Gabae Development
Beland Paul DRDC
Bell, Lcol R. DND
Benaddi, Dr. Hamid Stedfast Inc.
Berlinger Mathias Bermatex Innovation
Bernier Andre General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems-
Canada Inc.
Betts, Peng K. Ross Shipley Canada Corp.
Bisson Michel STC Footwear Inc.
Blackburn Robert Longbow Product Development
Bleriot Risselin
Boisvert Jonathan NRC
Bonaventure Jacques
Bossi, Maj. Linda DND
Bourget Daniel DRDC
Bowes Rick DRS technologies
Page 60 of 68

61. Visioning Workshop Participants
Last Name First Name Organization
Boyne, Maj. Stephen DRDC
Brouillette Lysanne G.A. Boulet Inc.
Brown David DND
Buchanan Starlene National Research Council
Buchanan Kevin DND
Budico Victoria The Fashion Technology Transfer Center
Bujold Alain Mawashi Protective Clothing Inc.
Campbell Ross Industry Canada
Carrick Dawn Department of National Defence
Charlebois Scott DND
Cloutier Renelle Industry Canada
Coghill, Maj. Craig DND
Colbert Heather CAE Professional Services
Cole Richard NRC
Colorane Terry DND
Comtois P. DND
Connolly Peter Fidus
Copeman Mike RNicholls Distributors
Couture Nathalie ADRB
Cracknell Carol
Croker Gary Colt Canada
Crossman Danny Pacific Safety Products (PSP) Inc.
Darling Marie E. Rockwell Collins Government Systems
Davidson Jack ELCAN Optical Technologies
Page 61 of 68

62. Visioning Workshop Participants
Last Name First Name Organization
Dexter Deborah Gladstone Aerospace Consulting
Diefenderfer James L-3 Communication Systems-West
DiNardo George Larus Technologies Corporation
Dionne JP Allen Vanguard
Dixon Anthony Peerless Garments LP.
Donais, P.Eng Len Panacis
Dufour, Maj. S. DND
Du Maresq Mike Sp 1ke Inc.l
Dumas Jean DRDC
Dupont Gilles Technopole Defence and Security
Dupuis Madeleine Industry Canada
Edwards Eric Xiphos technologies Inc.
Elfeki Yasmine Department of National Defence (Gatineau)
Ells William A. Quabaug Corp
El-Salfiti Kamal DND
Emond Bruno NRC
Fast Douglas Spectrum Signal Processing
Fletcher Robert Fletcher System Safety Inc.
Frim, Ph.D John DRDC
Gauthier Charles-Antoine NRC
Georgaras Konstantinos Industry Canada
Gisewski, Dr. P. DND
Gray Mark Industry Canada
Gray Todd AIMS Limited
Page 62 of 68