1. Pat Ray M. Dagapioso

2. Citizenship
• It is the status of being a citizen possessed
with all the rights and privileges.
• Accorded with full civil and political rights.
• Citizens were expected of allegiance to their
mother state.

3. Citizenship
• How can a person be considered a citizen of a
state?

4. Citizenship
• Citizens – members of a community who have
associated and submitted themselves to the
authority of a government for the promotion
of their welfare and protection of their rights
from within and outside the territory of a
state.

5. Four Classes
of
Citizens in the Philippines

6. Four Classes of Philippine
Citizens
• 1. Those who are citizens of the
Philippines at the adoption of the
1987 Constitution
• 2. Those whose fathers or
mothers are citizens of the
Philippines (jus sanguinis)

7. Four Classes of Philippine
Citizens
• 3. Those born before January 17,
1973 of Filipino mothers, who
elect Philippine citizenship after
reaching the age of majority.
• 4. Those who are naturalized in
accordance with law.

8. Ways of Acquiring Citizenship

9. Ways of Acquiring Citizenship
• 1. Citizenship by Birth
• 2. Citizenship by Naturalization
• 3. Citizenship by Marriage

10. Citizenship by Birth

11. Citizenship by Birth
• An individual acquires citizenship at the time
of birth under two general principles.
• Through:
– 1. Jus Sanguinis
– 2. Jus Soli

12. Jus Sanguinis
• Latin, ‘right of blood’
• Blood relationship is basis for the
determination of citizenship.
• Practiced in the Philippines.
• Citizens from birth, are called
natural-born citizens.

13. Jus Sanguinis
• This is also practiced in:
• Russia, Spain, Bulgaria, Japan,
Serbia, India, Italy, China, Belgium

14. Jus Soli
• Latin, ‘right of place’
• This principle of citizenship
pertains to acquiring of
citizenship through the place of
birth irrespective of the parent’s
citizenship.

15. Jus Soli
• Practiced and applied in the
United States.
• Practiced in almost all American
States
• Australia, United Kingdom,
France, New Zealand, Germany

16. Citizenship by Naturalization

17. Citizenship by Naturalization
• This is the formal adoption of an alien into the
political body of a nation vesting upon him
most of the rights and privileges of a citizen.

18. Citizenship by Naturalization
Types of Naturalization:
1. Individual
2. Group

19. Citizenship by Naturalization
Types of Naturalization:
1. Individual
An alien wishes to acquire citizenship of a
country other than his own.
2. Group
Citizens of a territory of a colonizer-state may
be collectively naturalized as citizens of a
colonizer-state.

20. Citizenship by Naturalization
Individual Naturalization
Can be by:
1. By Judicial Process
2. By Legislation

21. Citizenship by Naturalization
Individual Naturalization
Can be by:
1. By Judicial Process
A foreigner is required to possess certain
prescribed qualifications such as: age, residence, good
moral character and other qualification.
2. By Legislation
By means of a statute a foreigner becomes a
citizen of the country. Either the foreigner has made a
noble contribution to the state.

22. Filipino Naturalization Process
• 1. Filing of declaration of intention one year
prior to the Office of the Solicitor General
• 2. Filing of the petition, with affidavit of two
credible Filipino citizens
• 3. Publication of the petition
• 4. Actual residence in the Philippines

23. Filipino Naturalization Process
• 5. Hearing of the Petition.
• 6. Promulgation of the Decision.
• 7. Hearing after 2 years.
• 8. Oath-taking and issuance of the certificate
of naturalization.

24. Citizenship by Marriage

25. Citizenship by Marriage
• An acquisition of citizenship by the wife of the
citizenship of his husband.
• Depends on the laws of the husband.

26. Can Citizenship be Lost?

27. Can a Citizenship be Lost?
YES!!!

28. Can a Citizenship be Lost?
1. Naturalization in a foreign
country.
2. Expressed renunciation of
citizenship.
3. By service in the armed forces of
another country.

29. Can a Citizenship be Lost?
4. Declaration by a competent
authority of being a deserter from
the armed forces of his country.
5. By cancellation of the certificate of
naturalization.
6. Swearing allegiance to another
country by 21 years old.

30. ‘John is a natural-born Filipino. He
went to America to look for a job.
He went on to work for 3 years.
After 5 more years, he applied for
naturalization in the US. But a year
after, he wanted to revert back to
being a Filipino.’
Can John reacquire his citizenship?

31. !!!YES!!!

32. Reacquisition of Citizenship
1. This is known as repatriation.
2. Lost citizenship may be
reacquired through three ways:
A. By naturalization
B. By swearing of allegiance
C. By legislation.

33. As Citizens, what do we do after?

34. Being citizens accrue responsibilities
and roles…

35. Roles of Citizens
• 1. Loyalty to the Country
• 2. Defense of the State
• 3. Participation in the Devleopment and Welfare
of the State
• 4. Upholding the Constitution and Obedience to
the Laws of the Land
• 5. Exercise of Suffrage and Participation in the
Electoral Process

36. The End