Funcionamiento de un modelo económico

1. Operation of an economic model
Author: Paulo Arieu
Course: Sociology 102.
Teacher: Janet Rivera
Date: 12-04-2012
I. Economy
a) What is economy?
Economy is the way in which the individuals of a society organized to solve the basic
economic problems. It’s the study of the production, exchange, distribution, and consumption of
goods and services having an exchangeable value. And an economic model is a theoretical
scheme of a system or complex reality, which is developed to facilitate understanding.
b) Economic system:

2. All economic system should be trying to answer three basic economic problems:
a) What produce?
b) How to produce?
c) Who are the people to produce?
To try to solve the three basic problems, there are mechanisms or economic systems:
System of market economy, system of central planning, mixed economic system. All are theory
and doctrinal based on very different economic conceptions.
II. Economic models
a) Market system or free enterprise. Pure capitalism:
It is an economic system based on private ownership of the means of production and
business management. Free and independent of state control, where the allocation of productive
resources are made in a decentralized fashion by obeying decisions of thousands of economic
agents that act guided by self-interest.
b) Central planning. Communism
Completely opposite to the previous vision takes precedence in Cuba and other
communist countries, dominated by the trend towards central planning of the economy as
extreme contrast of pure capitalism, characterized by the property of the Government on most of
the means of production and making economic decisions in a centralized manner. The companies
are owned by the Government and this is that through a central Planning Board determines when,
how and how much produce.
c) Mixed economies

3. It’s an intermediate situation between the planned economy and the free market
economy. Economic activity rests largely on the private sector, but public sector regulating this
activity, acting to protect workers and redistribute income between the older and lower-income.
III. Circular flow of the economy
Economic agents (families or economies, domestic, business and public sector) do not
live isolated, they are permanently connected. Among them there is a flow of income, a
continuous flow of goods and services and in Exchange the payment of money and income. The
circular flow of income is the current goods and services and payments between economic
agents. The representation of the market economy system uses the scheme called circular flow,
since the lines describe flows of wealth among agents.
The outside shows the relationships between families and businesses. The families sent
production factors (mainly work) to market factors, which are purchased by companies.
Companies leave the goods and services to the market, where they are consumed by the families.

4. Flows of goods and services factors are called actual flows, and are represented by internal
arrows on the chart. Their counterparts, i.e., money that is paid the income with which the land-use
is remunerated and capitals at the expense of the families are called financial flows, and they
are represented by the external arrow.
The center of the scheme shows the relations of the State with other agents. The State
sells and buys goods and services in markets and factors paying and charging for them as well as
families or companies. But simultaneously charged taxes and transfers income to families (e.g.
retirement). The financial system receives deposits from households and made loans to the
companies and the Government.
Based on this graph, I will carry out the analysis of an economic model in an economy of
capitalist, but improved type according to certain social premises of importance.
Analysis:
a) Companies:
From the economic and social point of view, it’s an economic and social unit consisting
of financial, technical and human factors with a certain structure and different objectives and
whose function is to supply products and services to the society. It’s an organizational unit of an
economic nature that, through the combination of the factors of production (capital, labor and
raw materials), aims to obtain a benefit. To operate accurate undertaking some human average
(managers and employees), financial resources, and technical and economic means.
The companies make the production of goods and services. They must be well prepared
to develop and manufacture products intended for sale. The company needs to know how to

5. stock up on raw, and efficiently produce its product as we can then sell well. A skilled financial
management is essential in order to make the most possible availability avoiding imprudent uses
of capital.
Their prices must be regulated by the free supply and demand. Without that the State
should intervene at all rather than to monitor that the laws of the country are met and that the
offered by the company suits with the asserted by it. Corporations must be based on the private
ownership of the means of production and the free and autonomous management of State
control, where the allocation of productive resources in decentralized obeying decisions of
thousands of traders who operate guided by self-interest.
Companies leave the goods and services to the market (internal and/or external), where it
will be acquired for family consumption or resale. They must be prepared to pay their income tax
to the State, so the state persists and administer justice and equity throughout the country.
Companies must pay fair and competitive wages to their employees (supervisory staff,
leaders and workers). They must pay proportional bonuses to profits that exceed the net value of
the retained employee appreciation. They must also lead accounting records of sales and its
operating costs. Their balance sheets must be supervised by professional accountant’s employees
and external auditors.
If the company is a financial institution / Bank, its purpose will be to raise money
circulating in the market to then lend it at reasonable rates. But this revenue should be unlawful
in the following cases: demand interest to the poor; invest capital to revenue, without taking into
account aid to those in need; sign profit contracts without taking into account that we must treat

6. others in the same way to wish to be treated [10], taking into account that "the distinctive
christian action is the following of Christ. Jesus Christ is the incarnation personal, vivid and
determinant of their cause: incarnation of a new style of life" says Hans Küng, a Swiss Catholic
priest, theologian, and author. Since 1995 he has been President of the Foundation for a Global
Ethic. He is notable for his rejection of the doctrine of papal infallibility. And that is truest
because "God is the lawyer of poor and of foreigners". The credit is a normal and inevitable
accident in the life of a society “and RIBA is perfectly lawful, provided it shall not apply to loans
of the poor, who will surely be hampered to comply. Financial institutions should not ever act as
"vulture funds". [9]
b) State:
Noah Webster was a writer in Connecticut (United States) and educator whose greatest
achievement was 'An American Dictionary of the English language', published for the first time
in 1828. Webster graduated from Yale in 1778, during the American Revolutionary War. It was
unconditionally British anti and the new American nation, considered morally superior to Europe
[25]. Noah Webster wrote that: "the principles and moral precepts found in the Scriptures should
form the basis of all our constitutions and civil laws. These principles and precepts are base truth,
immutable truth."[4]
Alexis-Charles-Henri Clerel de Tocqueville, was a political thinker and French historian,
best known for his democracy in America (appearing in two volumes: 1835 and 1840) and the
old regime and the revolution (1856). In both cases, it analyzed to better standards of living and
social conditions of individuals, as well as their relationship with the market and the State in
Western societies. Democracy in America was published after Tocqueville on United States

7. travel, and until this day, is considered a work of sociology and political science [26]. Alexis de
Tocqueville said that: "there is no country in the world where the Christian religion has greater
influence over the souls of men than in America; and there cannot be a test more than its utility,
and of their conformity with human nature, the of that its influence is felt more powerfully over
the nation more illustrious and free land."[5]
George Washington was the first President of the United States (1789-1797), Commander
in Chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, and one of the
founders of the United States. He chaired the Convention which drafted the United States
Constitution, which replaced the articles of Confederation and is still the Supreme Law of the
land [27]. George Washington, in his inaugural speech as the first President of the United States,
referred to "the propitious smiles of heaven" that fall solely within that nation, which does not
"ignore the eternal rules of order and justice which heaven itself has ordained." [6]
“The authority of the King derives from the sovereignty of the people as God's people. If
the King breaks the Pact, its authority rests with the people and those who represent him
have the right and obligation to oppose him” [11]
These ideas emerged the modern constitutional State, repealing the sacramental power
and the mentality of serfdom. A sovereign that consistently breaks the mutual obligation of the
Covenant of the Constitution, must be considered a tyrant declared. We must obey God that a
similar Monster. [3]
The State does not constitute the totality of human existence or encompasses all human
hope. The man and his hope are beyond the reality of the State and beyond the sphere of political
action. And this is true not only for a State to which one can describe as Babylon, but for any

8. type of State [even "Christian"] (The myth of the State as a god, the myth of the State as paradise
and the society without domination or power). The State cannot interfere or give preference to a
religious denomination, but can also attack the foundations of today's Western society, which
appointment as the French poet Paul Valery, "is founded on the Greek rationality, order Roman
and Judeo-Christian spirituality" [12]
The civil judge has the power of the sword. The State is authorized to use force to ensure
justice and protect its borders. Governments do not govern by means of requests or suggestions.
They rule by law, enforced by coercive legal means. Although the Governments with the power
of the sword have authority to exercise the death penalty and participate in just wars [32] they
will be responsible before God for the use of the sword. The law of God is superior to human law
and every human authority has to undergo it. The State has a basic law, a Constitution; and the
Government has to submit to the Constitution ("the State of modern law"). In the "rule of law",
the law is above the Government; a ruler can do arbitrary decisions by the mere fact of being
ruler. (See book of Deuteronomy 17:18-20).But we couldn’t be agree with the violence State like
notice of Eric Garner, the new death by police violence that recently shocked New York [36]
God instructs Governments that administer justice. When the Government governs within
the limits of their role in God's order, we submit voluntarily to the authority of the State, because
we understand that God has placed him in authority over us. However, when the State abused
their authority or claims to be sovereign, we must obey God's transcendent law rather than that of
the State. Our loyalty to God can call us at political participation in an effort to create a
Government right and good. Fair participants can significantly influence the Government for the
better.

9. Max Weber, father of modern sociology, said that the State exercises the monopoly of
violence by definition. But he added that faculty must be met through a process of "legitimacy",
that in the case of the absolute monarchies is accepted by subordinates as divine law; but you can
also come from a charismatic (subordinates accept power based on sanctity, heroism or
exemplary of who exercises it) leadership or legitimacy racional (subordinates accept power in
accordance with objective and impersonal motivations) which becomes synonym for legality.
Because as the English Puritan poet John Milton said:
“Not only King, but all men are configured in the image and likeness of God (image
deo)”.[14]
Easily and more than one century earlier, the lucid Rousseau set the legitimacy the
"general will" gives it of those subject to the power. Version that agrees with the modern concept
of democracy as Government "of the people, by the people and for the people", was a happy
definition of Abraham Lincoln. What happens with these definitions is that they float in the air if
it is not the State as carrier of the interest of the dominant social classes.[8]
So that the order reigns, the State must guarantee the private property. But it should
ensure that this property is not at the expense of others and which is placed at the service of the
community. As a result, the property is not an absolute good. This limited and is conditional.
The State must be secular and has to be separated from the Church (principle of church -
state separation). This does not mean that the State should be against the religion of the people or
that the ruler should be atheist. The State should not be atheist anti or anti Christ. And it must be
respected throughout the State, the freedom of conscience of every inhabitant, whether tourist,
citizen or resident. For this reason, must be guaranteed the freedom of religion and expression in

10. the country. And the determination that this liberty Riga media (radio, television, press and
internet).
But from the year 1954 this religious freedom is threatened because Lyndon Johnson
introduced an amendment to the tax code to protect anti-Communist groups that threatened his
re-election. Lyndon Baines Johnson, often known as LBJ, was the 36th President of the United
States (1963-1969), a position which took after his service as the 37th Vice President (1961-
1963). Johnson, a Democrat from Texas, served as a United States representative from 1937 to
1949 and a United States Senator from 1949 to 1961, including six years as majority leader of
the Senate, two as Senate minority leader and two as Senate majority whip.[24] Lyndon Baines
Johnson replaced the assassinated Kennedy as President of the United States and oversaw major
social reforms and expansion of the Viet Nam war [28]. Johnson was not aimed at churches, but
their action affected them because the amendment establishes that those who are exempt from
tax may not intervene in political campaigns. This amendment to the tax code was included
without hearings or debate, literally was resolved in a matter of minutes. Many bishops, priests
and Ministers are now confused and intimidated in regards to "preach about politics", to the point
that some lawyers have advised the churches during the last election (2012-206), given that the
President proposed in his re-election bid, churches had to mention it when they talked about the
"culture of life." [2]
In addition, the primary, secondary and tertiary education should be free. And it must
legislate for loans financial College and graduate, they are easy to acquire.
The free coverage of the basic health of every citizen and resident in the country and the
legal assistance for the defense of an accused person of committing a crime must also be

11. guaranteed. You must also have the safety of funeral and burial of their human remains if lack of
money to cover the costs.
Every inhabitant of this country (citizens and residents), has to be guaranteed by law, a
minimum work in free and healthy conditions that will enable it to give a basic support to his
family.
Every 50 years, the State must ensure that poor and low-income, people be forgiven of
their debts, including student debts. Every citizen should have access to adequate shelter for all
citizens of this country guaranteed by law.
Every person born within the limits of the border has to be able to be registered as a
citizen. And also all legal resident, in one period not more than one year must have the real
possibility of request and become a citizen.
Also the State ruling should defend the ecosystem of the country and not allow its
companies to destroy the global ecosystem. The State has to remember all its inhabitants that all
living beings are interlinked in one way or another, since some need others to continue to exist.
And that destroy ecosystems can be in many cases destructive for the next generation.
c) Family:
The family is the most basic and primitive kernel of human society. Therefore, the State
must be defender of the healthy development of families. The human right to form a family is
undeniable and indisputable. And companies must collaborate with the State in this
anthropological purpose. Howard George Hendricks was a professor for more than 50 years in
the Dallas Theological Seminary. As well he said Hendricks, is very clear that

12. In today's world there are bizarre, hostile, destructive influences of homes. The ancient
elements underpinning the society already we do not encourage or protect. Home... has to
flourish in a field of weeds. [15]
Therefore, it is impossible to doubt that the family as an institution is bankrupt or in way
of the disaster. Social, psychological, and spiritual conflicts have affected so that the marriage
and the family are seen by many people as institutions in the process of disappearing. However,
both the marriage and the family are essential institutions, created by God even before the
entrance of sin into the world. Therefore they will not disappear. Although like all other species
in danger of extinction, the State has the obligation to zealously protect their harmonious
development. Therefore, also is task of the whole society, increase the resistance against its
decline, and family in such a way that arises a beauty special and remarkable in every one of the
members of Christian homes. [16]
Les Thompson was born in Cuba in 1931, and was ordained to the Christian minister in
1953. After preaching controversial messages about Christ and communism, he was forced to
leave the island of Cuba, which allowed him to start his ministry in Latin America with the
founding of LOGOI Ministries, FLET (one of the first long-distance theological universities) and
the Guía Pastoral. Les Thompson explains that "marriage was conceived to relieve the
fundamental loneliness experienced by every human being. In his case, according to the degree
in which your spouse does not satisfy your needs - spiritual, intellectual, emotional, and
physical- and the degree in which you do not fulfill the same needs of your spouse, in that same
proportion, the two are still alone. But this is not in conformity with the plan of God, and can be
remedied. The plan is that they will complement each other."[17]

13. To make this healthy development of families, all people of this world must be able to
have the absolute guarantee to work so that everyone can survive; but the work must be
performed so that the poor are not exploited by the wealthy, foreigners by the natives, the weak
by the strong [14] No single work is a basic human need, but also a right of every person in age
to do so. To work with freedom guarantee psychological and physical harmonious development
of the person, as well as their human subsistence.
Parents should receive important economic allocations for each child and each child in
school age. The parents of large families (more than 5 children), should be exempt from taxes or
failing to pay one smaller percentage until the children reach the age of majority.
Every citizen, after 30 years of contributions, a person may be entitled to retire. It should
also be entitled to a decent pension a person who is disabled for health reasons if he is a citizen.
The State should encourage the (civil) marriage of the couples. Around the world, grow
the sociological evidence that live together without marriage undermines the institution of
marriage, even more than the divorce, and that that hurts people, whether adults or children. The
trend to lower the marriage grows more and more. There are afraid to remarry, divorce fear and
afraid to engage. [30]
United States, which has one of the highest rates of marriage in Western countries, also
has the highest divorce rate, which makes that one in three children live with divorced parents.
At the same time, according to a study about the obsolescence of the marriage and the changes in
the family structure, 39% of respondents believe that marriage is an "obsolete" institution. The
121-page report prepared by the Pew Research Centre in coordination with Time magazine,

14. points out that "the transformations of the last half-century have led to a huge decline of
marriage and an increase in new forms of family".[31]
In United States the Church, until today, acts as a subsidiary of the State agent, so the
Church marriage implies automatically a marriage recognized by the State. Earlier, the U.S.
Government acknowledged the existence of a marriage, but now instead of admit it redefines it,
turning it into something totally dependent on State control. But given that the State recognizes
various types of marriage, ideally, State to renounce the use of the term marriage instead of using
it as seems to him he invented a new Word to reflect the types of union which recognizes. So at
least we would have to get used to not talk about marriage to dry when we refer to which
recognizes the State. R. R. Reno, Director of the journal First Things, proposes abandoning the
term "civil marriage" (marriage by the Church is not uncivil) and adopt the "State marriage",
reserving the word marriage, marriage in the Church. But, today are two substantially different
things. It is time that the Church renounces compared two types of joints. Wrote Reno that
“The Church can participate in a civil marriage, but should not participate in a State
marriage” [21]
John Rao, American of Sicilian origin, holds a PhD in history from the University of
Oxford, and since 1979 teaches European history at St. John's University in New York, one of
the great Catholic academic institutions of United States. He directed also The Roman Forum,
founded in 1968 by the philosopher Dietrich von Hildebrand (1889-1977) to defend Catholic
doctrine and culture. Just published in Spain a job his, "The American illusion", incorporated
into the volume Church and politics. Change of paradigm (itineraries), coordinated by Bernard
Dumont, Miguel Ayuso and Danilo Castellano, collects twelve contributions of Catholic thinkers

15. from around the world, all of them University professors, with a traditional perspective on the
relationship between power and religion, secularity and secularism. Published simultaneously in
Spanish, French and Italian, and soon in English, the book analyzes prospects introduced by the
Declaration Dignitatis Humanae of Vatican Council II, both at the time of its enactment in 1965
at the celebration of its fiftieth anniversary. The prospect of Rao is particularly interesting for its
debunking, theoretical and historical, of the relations between Church and State in the United
States, often considered an ideal to follow. Something that seems more questionable than ever as
a result of the so-called "abortion mandate" of the Obama administration, which obliges all
employers in the country, Catholic and Protestant institutions included (such as schools and
hospitals), to ensure their workers with coverage of contraceptive practices, artificial
insemination and even abortion the Catholic Church rejects. The American bishops have led a
social reaction unprecedented in defense of religious freedom thus attacked. [33]
Each family must be guaranteed the possibility of acquiring a home and a vehicle at an
affordable price proportional to their income. You must also have the possibility of acquiring
health insurance basics, if you don't have the resources to pay for a private one. To receive,
wages should not be less than the cost of a basket of essential staples that allow the individual to
subsist for the same period.
Conclusion
A new report from the United Nations Fund for children (UNICEF) revealed that 2.6
million children have gone to live below the poverty line in countries developed since 2008, so
the total number of children living in poverty in the developed world already rises to some 76.5
million. The report children of the recession: the impact of the economic crisis on child well-

16. being in rich countries (Report Card 12 of Innocenti Research Centre of UNICEF), presents a
ranking of 41 countries of the Organization for cooperation and economic development (OECD)
and the European Union (EU) depending on whether the levels of child poverty have grown or
declined since 2008. This UNICEF report discussed the terrible effects of the economic crisis on
children. Poverty amounted to 2.6 million children in countries developed since 2008. UNICEF
has made public a report on the increase in child poverty in countries developed as a result of the
economic downturn. He points out that, since 2008, the number of children living below the
poverty line has increased by 2.6 million. A figure that reemphasizes the importance for children
policies social protection in the current social context. It also keeps track of the proportion of
young people aged between 15 and 24 years of age who work or study or receive training (rate
NINI). The report includes also the data of the surveys Gallup Institute about the perception of
the people about their economic situation and their hopes for the future since the beginning of the
recession [29]
Families, can’t be partakers of that "culture of the discard, because it reduces the human
being to simple gear mechanism that treats it as a commodity that is used or rejected, as it is the
case with the terminally ill, elderly abandoned without care, or the dead children before birth"
[22]
For this reason, I highlight this into an opportunity by Benedict XVI, the former religious
leader of the Catholic Church, in one of his Homilies, when he lambasted the "seed of tension
and conflict caused by the growing inequality between rich and poor examples". He also
denounced "the prevalence of a selfish and individualistic mentality that also finds its expression
in capitalism without regulation, in various forms of terrorism and crime". Benedict called for a

17. new economic model and ethical regulations for markets, and said that the global financial crisis
was proof that capitalism does not protect the weakest members of society. He also warned that
food insecurity was a threat to the peace in some parts of the world... [20]
It sounds like too strong. But, according to the judeo-Christian Scriptures, is the stark
reality. "Love" rampant wealth, money is the root of many evils contrary to the divine will,
morality, and ethics. Love money and everything so that it can be obtained, the man/woman is
able of: prostitution /; kill; corrupt /; steal; traffic; damage; destroy; cause economic disasters,
wars... “[18] It is that "love money", politicians, businessmen, and strangers, what has unleashed
the current 'economic war' [19].
It is that the problem is not so much whether the economy must be agree to the capitalist
model (or Socialist) but the ethical and moral perversion of the capitalists (or Socialist), that with
his excessive ambition does not favor full employment not seeing it as a human right, but as a
way of making the capitalist industrial objectives at the lowest possible cost. Capitalism (or
socialism) must recover its humanism. But it is only through the message of Christ, who at the
time of his humanity was the father in everything to as you can be capitalists to recover the fear
of God who have lost. Because "all ills start when only thinking about money. By the desire
to amass it, many forgot to obey God and ended up having many problems and sufferings."
(1 Timothy 6 the Current Language Translation). The Economist Milton Friedman, Nobel
Prize in Economics in 1976, said that
"A free market is a necessary condition of individual freedom. Although necessary for
freedom, capitalism is not only enough to secure it. It must be accompanied by a set of values
and political institutions favorable to freedom [7]

18. But how one can speak of God to human suffering and the poor have no livelihood for
their children, nor right to health care, access to education, excluded from the social and cultural
life marginalized and that they are considered a burden and a threat to the lifestyle of a few
wealthy. Already at the time, Fray Bartolomé de Las Casas, a catholic priest from the Spanish
conquest to Hispanic America, named in your brief drafting of the destruction of the West Indies
the true cause of the tremendous injustice that Spanish conquistadors committed with persons
who found in their journey of discovery. Upon them who were Christians in name, but not by his
conduct, says Las Casas that:
The unique and real cause of the murder and the destruction of that frightening amount of
innocent people at the hands of Christians was exclusively seize their gold" [0] Gustavo
Gutierrez has formulated this liberating way of the houses with the following judgment:
"God or gold". [1]
And since those days until these, we don't see that the thirst for profit and ambition has dwindled
much. On the contrary. Increasingly is worshipped the God Mammon more and more. This is an
idolatry of many are in our modern society.
Luis Fernando Ortiz is a student of Bachelor's degree in economics from the National
Autonomous University of Mexico with a special interest in subjects such as political economy,
history of economic thought, economic development and capitalism, and underdevelopment. It
also participates in the College Ministry MIES UNAM. Ortiz finally said that it must be said that
capitalism itself just doesn't work, and unless it is regulated generates an enormous amount of
problems. Only remains to say that Keynes said an inconvenient truth for many:

19. International, decadent but individualistic, capitalism in whose hands we are after the
war, is not a success. It is not intelligent, is not beautiful, is not fair, is not virtuous and non-delivery
items. In a nutshell, we dislike and we began to despise him. But when we ask ourselves
what will put in its place, we find extremely perplexed. [34]
Gustavo Daniel Romero is resident in Hospital Administration from the University of
Buenos Aires and graduated in Administration, in Psychology (with honors) and degree in
Theology from Latinoamerican Biblical University and the Buenos Aires Biblical Institute. With
ministerial training at the ISEDET and a higher diploma in Civil society organizations in
FLACSO, is Honorary Member of the think tank "Hope Foundation" (Economics Department),
official of the BCRA, collaborator of the "the economy Online", and the Institute of
neuroscience, education and assistance, INEA Psychologist. Romero quoted to Chiara Lubich, an
Italian Roman Catholic lay leader who founded (1943) the Focolare Movement, a lay
organization dedicated to peace, spiritual renewal, and ecumenical dialogue. Lubich, who trained
as a teacher, felt a religious calling and changed her name to Chiara in honor of St. Clare of
Assisi but rejected joining a convent. She laid the foundations for the Focolare (“hearth”)
Movement when she and other young women studied the Bible while gathered together in air-raid
shelters during World War II. Lubich worked tirelessly to expand the movement’s values of
spiritual unity and devotion to the poor in war-ravaged Europe and, later, throughout the world.
Lubich’s many personal awards included the Templeton Prize for Progress in Religion (1977),
the UNESCO Prize for Peace Education (1996), and the Council of Europe’s Human Rights
Prize (1998). She proposes “The economy of communion is the economy of giving” [37], and
wrote this beautiful poem
Unlike the consumer economy,

20. which is based on the having culture,
the economy of communion is
the gift economy.
This may seem difficult, arduous and heroic.
But is not such because the man
made in the image of God, who is love,
find your own realization
in love, in the clear.
This requirement
is in the depths of his being,
beyond that is believer or not.
And precisely in this finding,
corroborated by our experience,
the hope of a broadcast is based
Universal of the economy of communion.[35]

21. The gold is important in this life but the gold is not God. It’s only a metallic object. Jesus
says “And he said unto them, Render therefore unto Caesar the things which be Caesar's, and
unto God the things which be God's.”(Luke 20:25 KJV)
---------------
Other consulted Bibliography
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 http://s3a2.me/2012/04/02/las-seis- funciones-basicas-de-la-empresa-segun-henri- fayol/
 http://www.monografias.com/trabajos75/elementos- funciones-empresa/elementos-funciones-
empresa.shtml
 http://www.todopensamientocautivo.com/2010/08/la-reforma-y-su- influencia-en-la-economia-
y-la-politica/
 https://elteologillo.wordpress.com/2012/09/16/el-gobierno-civil/
 http://www.mercaba.org/FICHAS/Politica/cristianismo_y_politica.htm
 https://elteologillo.wordpress.com/2012/09/18/enmienda-johnson-vs- libertad-de-culto-en-los-
estados-unidos/
Notes

22. [0] Las Casas, brevísima relación de la destrucción de las Indias occidentales (H. M.
Enzensberger [ed.], Las Casas Bericht von der Verwüstung der Westindischen Länder, Frankfurt
1981, S. 13).
[1] Gustavo Gutiérrez: Dios o el oro en las Indias, siglo XVI, Lima 1989 (Gott oder das Gold.
Der befreiende Weg des Bartholomé de Las Casas, Freiburg 1990).
[2] http://www.priestsforlife.org/spanish/05-02-28span.htm
[3]Leopoldo Cervantes - Ortiz Editor & Jurgen Moltman Juan Calvino, su vida y su obra a 500
años de su nacimiento. Ed. Clie. Pág. 268.]
[4] Noah Webster, History of the United States, “Advice to the Young” (New Haven: CT, Durrie
& Peck, 1832), 338-340. Citado en http://www.allaboutworldview.org/spanish/politica-cristiana.
htm
[5] Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracia en América (New York, NY: Vintage Classics, 1990),
303. Citado en http://www.allaboutworldview.org/spanish/politica-cristiana.htm
[6] George Washington, Primer Discurso Inaugural, Ciudad de Nueva York, 30 de abril de 1789.
http://www.bartleby.com/124/pres13.html Citado en
http://www.allaboutworldview.org/spanish/politica-cristiana.htm
[7] http://revistajupiter.wordpress.com/2011/06/26/separacion-de-iglesia-y-estado-no-significa-estado-
vs-religion/
[8] http://www.cubadebate.cu/?p=502139

23. [9] https://elteologillo.wordpress.com/2013/08/05/francia-dio-apoyo-contra- los- fondos-buitres-que-
atacan-argentina/
[10] Leopoldo Cervantes-Ortiz, Juan Calvino: Su Vida y Obra a 500 Años de Su Nacimiento,
Pág. 267, Ed. Clie. (2010). Barcelona, España.
[11] Ibíd., Pág. 267-268
[12] https://elteologillo.wordpress.com/2012/09/18/enmienda-johnson- vs- libertad-de-culto-en-los-
estados-unidos/
[13] Juan Calvino: Su Vida y Obra a 500 Años de Su Nacimiento, Op. Cit. Pág. 266.Ed. Clie
(2010). Barcelona, España.
[14] Ibid, pág. 268
[15] Howard G. Hendricks, El cielo puede ayudar, p. 12. Citado en Les Thompson, La Familia
Desde Una Perspectiva Bíblica. Página 5. Revisión 2003 © 1995 Logoi, Inc. Derechos
reservados Primera edición en castellano 1998 Segunda edición reeditada especialmente para el
programa de estudios de FLET Universidad FLET 14540 S.W. 136 Street, Suite 202 Miami,
Florida 33186 Estados Unidos.
[16] Ibíd.
[17] Ibíd., pág. 16
[18] http://www.aporrea.org/contraloria/a175408.html

24. [19]http://www.geoeconomia.es/economia/geoeconomia-guerra-economica-con-el-euro-de-fondo/
[20]http://www.oscarpoe.com/2013/01/capitalismo-desenfrenado.html
[21] http://infocatolica.com/blog/archipielago.php/1411240946- iseparar-el-matrimonio-estata
[22] http://www.religionconfidencial.com/tribunas/impulso-papa-Francisco-rejuvenecimiento-
Europa_0_2391960781.html
[23] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson
[24] http://www.who2.com/bio/lyndon-b-johnson
[25] http://www.who2.com/bio/noah-webster
[26] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville
[27] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington
[28] http://www.who2.com/bio/lyndon-b-johnson
[29] https://www.unicef.es/actualidad-documentacion/publicaciones/report-card-12-los-ninos-de-la-
recesion-el- impacto-de-la
[30] http://www.religionenlibertad.com/articulo_imprimir.asp?idarticulo=30562
[31] WASHINGTON, 23/11/2010 (EFE – Edición: ProtestanteDigital.com).Recuperado de
http://www.eluniverso.com/2010/11/18/1/1382/estados-unidos-40-cree-matrimonio-esta-obsoleto.
html

25. [32] https://elteologillo.wordpress.com/2012/10/08/jesus- las-religiones-y- las-guerras-justa/
[33] http://www.religionenlibertad.com/articulo_imprimir.asp?idarticulo=31771
[34] quoted in Strauss-Kahn, D. (2011) ‘Desafíos mundiales, soluciones mundiales’
http://www.imf.org/external/spanish/np/speeches/2011/040411s.htm [Visto el 12 de junio de
2014]. Quoted by Lic. Luis Fernando Ortíz, http://www.revista-rypc.org/2014/06/ha-disminuido-la-
pobreza-en-el-mundo.html
[35] Lubich, Chiara. Economía de Comunión - historia y profecía. Ciudad Nueva Grupo
editorial: 2003 Quoted in http://www.revista-rypc.org/2014/10/la-economia-de-comunion-un-concepto.
html
[36] http://www.bbc.co.uk/mundo/noticias/2014/12/141203_eeuu_eric_garner_cargos_tsb.shtml
[37] An economy based on giving in the context of relationship rather than making transactions
simply for profit or personal material gain. This is in contrast to barter or commercial economies
which rely on exchange of goods or labor for money - or for goods and labor of equal monetary
value. Altruism is sometimes viewed as the basis for spreading wealth throughout a gift
economy. However, the individual giver actually benefits indirectly. For example, social status
and support in times of need may be obtained by those who give to others in the group or
community. Most economies rely on both commercial aspects such as paid work and gift aspects
such as volunteer or unpaid work.[URL= http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/gift-economy.
html ]