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Submental artery islandSubmental artery island
flapflap
Department of oral and maxillofacial surgery
Vinnitsa National medical University
Presentation by,
Patrick Royson
Albertina Sheehama
Supervised by: Kulytska O.V.
contentscontents
• Definition and introduction
• Indications
• Anatomy and contents of the flap
• Classification of flaps
• Types for pedicle elongation
• Clinical cases
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Conclusion
Definition and introductionDefinition and introduction / Визначення/ Визначення
The submental artery island flap(SAIF) is an
axial pattern flap introduced by Martin et.al
in 1993 and has become popular over the
years in reconstruction of oral and
maxillofacial area defects.
Aim : Restoration of form and function
Form:
Cosmetic
Restoration of contour
Expression of face
Oral competence
Functions:
Speech
Mastication
Deglutition
Pic. 01. Schematic picture of submental artery flap
Shahram Nazerani , A Textbook of Advanced Oral and Maxillofacial
Surgery Volume 2,Chapter 26 :Reconstruction of Facial Hair Bearing
Areas in the Male Patient /page no.597/fig.no.18
IndicationsIndications / Покази/ Покази
SAIF can be used for reconstruction
of the following defects
• Facial gun shot defect
• Oral cavity tumors
- floor of the mouth
- tongue
- mucosa of the cheeks
- soft palate
- hard palate
• Skin tumors (lower 2/3 of the
face)
• Noma defects
Підпідборідні клапті
використовуються для відновлення
таких дефектів:
• Вогнепальні дефекти
• Пухлини ротової порожнини
- дно порожнини рота
- язик
- слизова щік
- м'яке піднебіння
- тверде піднебіння
• Пухлини шкіри (нижні 2/3 обличчя)
• Дефекти після номи
Anatomy and contents of the flapAnatomy and contents of the flap / Анатомія/ Анатомія
• Submental artery
• Branches of submental artery
- superficial and deep branch
• Anastomoses
- superficial branch with inferior labial
artery
- deep branch with inferior labial artery
and mental branch of inferior alveolar
artery
- submental artery also anastomoses
with sublingual artery and mylohyoid
branch of inferior alveolar artery
• Підпідборідна артерія
• Гілки:
- поверхнева і глибока
• Анастомози:
- з нижньої губною артерією
- з підборідною гілочкою
нижньоальвеолярної артерії
-з під'язиковою артерією та
щелепно-язиковою гілочкою
нижньоальвеолярної артерії
Anatomy and contents of the flapAnatomy and contents of the flap
Pic. 02. Diagram showing submental artery Pic. 03. Anatomical specimen showing submental artery
Classification / Класифікація
Based on the flap composition and blood supply
Based on flap composition / По складу
1.Myocutaneous flaps (м'язово-шкірний)
2.Osteomuscular flap (кістково-
м'язовий)
Based on blood supply / По
кровопостачанню
1.Pedicled flap (на ніжці)
2.Free flap (вільний)
3.Perforator flap (із використанням
перфоруючих судин)
Rahpeyma A. Submental artery island flap in intraoral
reconstruction: A review. / A. Rahpeyma, S. Khajehahmadi. // J
Craniomaxillofac Surg. - 2014. - № 42. - P. 983-989
Pic.04. Submental artery pedicled flap
Types for pedicle elongationTypes for pedicle elongation // Види подовженняВиди подовження
Pic. 05. Types for pedicle elongation
a. Additional dissection of the pedicle
b. Y-V procedure
Pic. 06. Types for pedicle elongation
a. Reverse flow
b. Section of facial vein and microvascular
anastomosis
Ferrari S. The submental island flap: Pedicle elongation and indications in head and neck reconstruction. / S. Ferrari, C.
Copelli, B. Bianchi, A.S. Magri, A. Ferri, A. Varazzani, T. Poli, T. Ferri., E. Sesenna. // J Craniomaxillofac Surg. - 2014. - № 42. -
P. 1005-1009
Clinical casesClinical cases / Клінічні випадки/ Клінічні випадки
Treatment of eccrine
Carcinoma of the Chin
via Submental Island
Flap
(Лікування раку шкіри
підборіддя з
використанням
підпідборідного
острівцевого клаптя)
Pic. 07. Preoperative view of eccrine carcinoma lesion of the chin.
PAPPAS-POLITIS ET AL ,Treatment of Eccrine Carcinoma of the Chin via Submental Island Flap,Effie
Pappas-Politis, MD,aDavid C. Driscoll,b Yvonne N. Pierpont, MD,a,bPaul R. Albear, MD,a,cWilliam L.
Carter, MD,a,cLisa J. Gould, MD, PhDa,c/ Published April 8, 2010/page 223-230
Clinical casesClinical cases / Клінічні випадки/ Клінічні випадки
Pic. 08. Intraoperative view of chin defect and
submental artery island flap design
Pic. 09 Intraoperative view of extended chin
reconstruction with submental artery island flap inset.
Clinical casesClinical cases / Клінічні випадки/ Клінічні випадки
Pic. 10 One-year postoperative result of extended chin
reconstruction with submental artery island flap
Pic.11 One-year postoperative result of extended chin
reconstruction with submental artery island flap
Clinical casesClinical cases / Клінічні випадки/ Клінічні випадки
Pic. 12. A woman, 62 y.o. with cancer of cheeck (Жінка 62 р. з плоскоклітинним раком слизової щоки):
b. Intraoral picture e. Closure of the defect d. Appearance after the treatment
Ferrari S. The submental island flap: Pedicle elongation and indications in head and neck reconstruction. / S.
Ferrari, C. Copelli, B. Bianchi, A.S. Magri, A. Ferri, A. Varazzani, T. Poli, T. Ferri., E. Sesenna. // J
Craniomaxillofac Surg. - 2014. - № 42. - P. 1005-1009
Clinical cases / Клінічні випадки
Pic. 13. a. A man, 57 y.o. with cancer of skin in temporal region (Мужчина 57 лет с
базальноклеточным раком кожи височной области)
b. Appearance of the defect c. Appearance of the patient after the treatment
Ferrari S. The submental island flap: Pedicle elongation and indications in head and neck reconstruction. / S. Ferrari, C. Copelli,
B. Bianchi, A.S. Magri, A. Ferri, A. Varazzani, T. Poli, T. Ferri., E. Sesenna. // J Craniomaxillofac Surg. - 2014. - № 42. - P. 1005-
1009
Advantages / Переваги
 The donor site scar is hidden
under the mandible.
 Less donor morbidity
 Flap has a large and reliable
vascular pedicle with excellent
reach to most of the oral cavity.
 Ideal thickness for
reconstructing buccal mucosa and
tongue defects.
 Less bulk and less time
consuming when compared with
free flaps
• Рубець схований під краєм
н/щелепи
• Менша кількість ускладнень із
донорської сторони
• Клапоть має велику і надійну
ніжку
• Ідеальна товщина для
реконструкції слизової щоки і
язика
• Менший об'єм і менша
тривалість операції порівняно з
вільними клаптями
DisadvantagesDisadvantages / Недоліки/ Недоліки
• Submental flap harvested with
a thick surrounding fibro fatty
tissue and tissues around the
facial vessels can compromise
the lymphatic clearance. So it
is better to avoid this flap in
patients with clinically
significant node in level IA
and IB.
• If the flap is taken from facial hair
bearing area of male patient then
there is a chance of growth of hair
after reconstruction. In this case
we have to wait until the wound
heals then only we can do laser
treatment and remove the hair
from mouth. So until this time patient
will have discomfort and bad oral hygiene
from this hair.
Pic. 14. SAIF reconstruction of tongue in a male with
hairy skin
Основним недоліком слід вважати наявність
волосся на клапті. В такому випадку після загоєння
рани виконується лазерне видалення волосся.
ССonclusiononclusion / Висновки/ Висновки
• Submental artery island flap is a suitable choice for oral and face
reconstruction due to its advantages over other types of flaps.
• It can be used for reconstruction of the defects of lower 2/3 of the face and
with different methods of elongation – even for superior 1/3.
• Presence of hair on the flap is both a disadvantage and an advantage
• Підпідборідний острівцевий клапоть має багато переваг для реконструкції
дефектів обличчя і ротової порожнини порівняно з іншими видами клаптів
• Може бути використаний для заміщення дефектів нижніх 2/3 обличчя, а з
використанням різних методів подовження – і для верхньої 1/3 обличчя
• Наявність волосся на клапті є і недоліком і перевагою одночасно
Submental island flap

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Submental island flap

  • 1. Submental artery islandSubmental artery island flapflap Department of oral and maxillofacial surgery Vinnitsa National medical University Presentation by, Patrick Royson Albertina Sheehama Supervised by: Kulytska O.V.
  • 2. contentscontents • Definition and introduction • Indications • Anatomy and contents of the flap • Classification of flaps • Types for pedicle elongation • Clinical cases • Advantages • Disadvantages • Conclusion
  • 3. Definition and introductionDefinition and introduction / Визначення/ Визначення The submental artery island flap(SAIF) is an axial pattern flap introduced by Martin et.al in 1993 and has become popular over the years in reconstruction of oral and maxillofacial area defects. Aim : Restoration of form and function Form: Cosmetic Restoration of contour Expression of face Oral competence Functions: Speech Mastication Deglutition Pic. 01. Schematic picture of submental artery flap Shahram Nazerani , A Textbook of Advanced Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Volume 2,Chapter 26 :Reconstruction of Facial Hair Bearing Areas in the Male Patient /page no.597/fig.no.18
  • 4. IndicationsIndications / Покази/ Покази SAIF can be used for reconstruction of the following defects • Facial gun shot defect • Oral cavity tumors - floor of the mouth - tongue - mucosa of the cheeks - soft palate - hard palate • Skin tumors (lower 2/3 of the face) • Noma defects Підпідборідні клапті використовуються для відновлення таких дефектів: • Вогнепальні дефекти • Пухлини ротової порожнини - дно порожнини рота - язик - слизова щік - м'яке піднебіння - тверде піднебіння • Пухлини шкіри (нижні 2/3 обличчя) • Дефекти після номи
  • 5. Anatomy and contents of the flapAnatomy and contents of the flap / Анатомія/ Анатомія • Submental artery • Branches of submental artery - superficial and deep branch • Anastomoses - superficial branch with inferior labial artery - deep branch with inferior labial artery and mental branch of inferior alveolar artery - submental artery also anastomoses with sublingual artery and mylohyoid branch of inferior alveolar artery • Підпідборідна артерія • Гілки: - поверхнева і глибока • Анастомози: - з нижньої губною артерією - з підборідною гілочкою нижньоальвеолярної артерії -з під'язиковою артерією та щелепно-язиковою гілочкою нижньоальвеолярної артерії
  • 6. Anatomy and contents of the flapAnatomy and contents of the flap Pic. 02. Diagram showing submental artery Pic. 03. Anatomical specimen showing submental artery
  • 7. Classification / Класифікація Based on the flap composition and blood supply Based on flap composition / По складу 1.Myocutaneous flaps (м'язово-шкірний) 2.Osteomuscular flap (кістково- м'язовий) Based on blood supply / По кровопостачанню 1.Pedicled flap (на ніжці) 2.Free flap (вільний) 3.Perforator flap (із використанням перфоруючих судин) Rahpeyma A. Submental artery island flap in intraoral reconstruction: A review. / A. Rahpeyma, S. Khajehahmadi. // J Craniomaxillofac Surg. - 2014. - № 42. - P. 983-989 Pic.04. Submental artery pedicled flap
  • 8. Types for pedicle elongationTypes for pedicle elongation // Види подовженняВиди подовження Pic. 05. Types for pedicle elongation a. Additional dissection of the pedicle b. Y-V procedure Pic. 06. Types for pedicle elongation a. Reverse flow b. Section of facial vein and microvascular anastomosis Ferrari S. The submental island flap: Pedicle elongation and indications in head and neck reconstruction. / S. Ferrari, C. Copelli, B. Bianchi, A.S. Magri, A. Ferri, A. Varazzani, T. Poli, T. Ferri., E. Sesenna. // J Craniomaxillofac Surg. - 2014. - № 42. - P. 1005-1009
  • 9. Clinical casesClinical cases / Клінічні випадки/ Клінічні випадки Treatment of eccrine Carcinoma of the Chin via Submental Island Flap (Лікування раку шкіри підборіддя з використанням підпідборідного острівцевого клаптя) Pic. 07. Preoperative view of eccrine carcinoma lesion of the chin. PAPPAS-POLITIS ET AL ,Treatment of Eccrine Carcinoma of the Chin via Submental Island Flap,Effie Pappas-Politis, MD,aDavid C. Driscoll,b Yvonne N. Pierpont, MD,a,bPaul R. Albear, MD,a,cWilliam L. Carter, MD,a,cLisa J. Gould, MD, PhDa,c/ Published April 8, 2010/page 223-230
  • 10. Clinical casesClinical cases / Клінічні випадки/ Клінічні випадки Pic. 08. Intraoperative view of chin defect and submental artery island flap design Pic. 09 Intraoperative view of extended chin reconstruction with submental artery island flap inset.
  • 11. Clinical casesClinical cases / Клінічні випадки/ Клінічні випадки Pic. 10 One-year postoperative result of extended chin reconstruction with submental artery island flap Pic.11 One-year postoperative result of extended chin reconstruction with submental artery island flap
  • 12. Clinical casesClinical cases / Клінічні випадки/ Клінічні випадки Pic. 12. A woman, 62 y.o. with cancer of cheeck (Жінка 62 р. з плоскоклітинним раком слизової щоки): b. Intraoral picture e. Closure of the defect d. Appearance after the treatment Ferrari S. The submental island flap: Pedicle elongation and indications in head and neck reconstruction. / S. Ferrari, C. Copelli, B. Bianchi, A.S. Magri, A. Ferri, A. Varazzani, T. Poli, T. Ferri., E. Sesenna. // J Craniomaxillofac Surg. - 2014. - № 42. - P. 1005-1009
  • 13. Clinical cases / Клінічні випадки Pic. 13. a. A man, 57 y.o. with cancer of skin in temporal region (Мужчина 57 лет с базальноклеточным раком кожи височной области) b. Appearance of the defect c. Appearance of the patient after the treatment Ferrari S. The submental island flap: Pedicle elongation and indications in head and neck reconstruction. / S. Ferrari, C. Copelli, B. Bianchi, A.S. Magri, A. Ferri, A. Varazzani, T. Poli, T. Ferri., E. Sesenna. // J Craniomaxillofac Surg. - 2014. - № 42. - P. 1005- 1009
  • 14. Advantages / Переваги  The donor site scar is hidden under the mandible.  Less donor morbidity  Flap has a large and reliable vascular pedicle with excellent reach to most of the oral cavity.  Ideal thickness for reconstructing buccal mucosa and tongue defects.  Less bulk and less time consuming when compared with free flaps • Рубець схований під краєм н/щелепи • Менша кількість ускладнень із донорської сторони • Клапоть має велику і надійну ніжку • Ідеальна товщина для реконструкції слизової щоки і язика • Менший об'єм і менша тривалість операції порівняно з вільними клаптями
  • 15. DisadvantagesDisadvantages / Недоліки/ Недоліки • Submental flap harvested with a thick surrounding fibro fatty tissue and tissues around the facial vessels can compromise the lymphatic clearance. So it is better to avoid this flap in patients with clinically significant node in level IA and IB. • If the flap is taken from facial hair bearing area of male patient then there is a chance of growth of hair after reconstruction. In this case we have to wait until the wound heals then only we can do laser treatment and remove the hair from mouth. So until this time patient will have discomfort and bad oral hygiene from this hair. Pic. 14. SAIF reconstruction of tongue in a male with hairy skin Основним недоліком слід вважати наявність волосся на клапті. В такому випадку після загоєння рани виконується лазерне видалення волосся.
  • 16. ССonclusiononclusion / Висновки/ Висновки • Submental artery island flap is a suitable choice for oral and face reconstruction due to its advantages over other types of flaps. • It can be used for reconstruction of the defects of lower 2/3 of the face and with different methods of elongation – even for superior 1/3. • Presence of hair on the flap is both a disadvantage and an advantage • Підпідборідний острівцевий клапоть має багато переваг для реконструкції дефектів обличчя і ротової порожнини порівняно з іншими видами клаптів • Може бути використаний для заміщення дефектів нижніх 2/3 обличчя, а з використанням різних методів подовження – і для верхньої 1/3 обличчя • Наявність волосся на клапті є і недоліком і перевагою одночасно