Turbomachines unit I SPPU

1. Exam Structure
Examination Total Marks
Insem -
End-Sem 50
TermWOrk 25
Oral 25

2. Syllabus of Turbomachines (SPPU)
Unit No. Name of the Topic No. of Lectures alloted
Unit – I Impact of Jet and Hydraulic
Turbines
Unit –II Steam Turbines
Unit –III Centrifugal Pumps
Unit –IV Rotary Compressors

3. Introduction to Turbo Machinery
What is Turbomachines?
 A turbomachine is basically a Machine
in which energy interaction between
the fluid and rotor takes place.
 The rotating wheel is called a rotor /
runner / impeller.
 The fluid medium can be gas / steam /
water / air
 Energy transfer takes place either
Turbine rotor from rotor to fluid, or
from fluid to rotor.

4. Turbomachine - Definition
 A turbo machine is a device in which energy transfer
occurs between a flowing fluid and rotating element due
to dynamic action. This results in change of pressure and
momentum of the fluid.
 The interaction between the fluid and the turbomachine
blades also results in fluid dynamic lift.

5. Turbomachine – Classifications
1. Based on the type of Energy Transfer

6. 2. Based on fluid flowing in turbo machine
1. Hydraulic Turbine
Ex- Petlon turbine, Kaplan Turbine, Fransis
Turbine.
2. Steam Turbine
Ex- Parsons Turbine, De-Laval Turbine, Curtis
Turbine
3. Gas Turbines
Turbomachine – Classifications

7. 3. Based on direction of flow through the impeller
with reference to the axis of shaft rotation
1. Tangential flow –
Ex-Pelton water turbine
2. Radial flow –
Ex-Centrifugal pump or compressor, Fransis Turbine
3. Axial flow –
Ex- Axial pump, compressor or turbine, Kaplan
Turbine
Turbomachine – Classifications

8. Turbomachine – Classification
1.Impulse Turbine –
Ex-Pelton water turbine
2. Reaction Turbine–
Ex-Fransis Turbine, Kaplan Turbine
4. Based on condition of fluid in turbo
machine

9. Turbomachine – Classification
1. Horizontal shaft Turbine –
Ex-Steam turbine
2. Vertical shaft Turbine–
Ex-Kaplan Turbine
3. Inclined shaft Turbine–
Ex-Modern bulb micro
5. Based on position of rotating shaft

10. Comparison between Turbo machines and positive displacement machines
Turbo machines Positive displacement machines
1. It convert the fluid energy into mechanical
energy or vice versa by the dynamic action
(change in momentum) between the fluid and
the rotor.
1. It convert the fluid energy into
mechanical energy or vice versa by the
dynamic action by positive displacement
action of the fluid.
2. They operate at high speed 2. The operate at low speed
3. Due to rotary motion, Vibration problems
are less.
3. High vibration problems due to positive
displacement motion.
4. Simple in design
4. Complex in design
5. Efficiency is less 5. Efficiency is comparatively high
Eg- Hydraulic turbines, Gas turbines, Steam turbines etc. Eg- I.C engines, Reciprocating air compressor,etc.