Relevance of data and indicators

Relevance of Data and Indicators for
Gender Responsive Budgeting
Dr. Paramita Majumdar
Independent Consultant
Delhi Secretariat, Delhi
6 March, 2019
Training Programme on
Gender Responsive Budgeting
Delhi Government

Measuring Gender Gap
03/12/19Dr. Paramita Majumdar 6 March 2019
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Index Indicators Ranking/ Scale
Human Development Index,
UNDP
1.Level of Income
2.Life expectancy
3.Education (Expected years of schooling
and Mean years of schooling)
Value is 0.640 and India stands
at 130 Position in 2018
Gender Development Index
(GDI) UNDP : Countries are
divided into 5 groups by absolute
deviation from gender parity in
HDI values.
Ratio of female to male HDI values Group – 5
(Group 5 comprises countries
with low equality in HDI
achievements between women
and men)
Gender Inequality Index (GII),
UNDP
1.Reproductive health,
2.Empowerment,
3.Labor market participation
at 127 Position in 2017
Global Gender Gap Index ,
World Economic Forum
1.Eco. Participation & Opportunity
2.Educational Attainment
3.Health and Survival
4.Political Empowerment
at 108 Position (2017)
Social Institutions and Gender
Index (SIGI), OECD
1.Discriminatory family code.
2.Restricted physical integrity.
3.Son bias.
4.Restricted resources & assets.
5.Restricted civil liberties.
With SIGI value of 34% in
2019, India is in the medium
category

Delhi : Data Speak
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 11.7% Worker Population Ratio for Female aged 15 years & above
according to Usual Status basis (NSSO, Annual Employment –Unemployment (EUS) Survey, 2015-16)
 Total Workers in trading, service and the manufacturing sector -19.6 lakhs,
Male – 17.37 (88.6%) and Female 2.23 lakhs (11.4%) Close to half of these
women (1,00,472) are informal hired workers, 13,594 formal hired workers,
84,720 working owners and 13,532 helpers/apprentices (Report on Unincorporated Non-
agricultural Enterprises (Excluding Construction) In Delhi – GNCTD, Based on NSS 73rd Round Survey (July 2015 – June 2016),
December 2017
 Mohalla Clinics set up -189 up to Dec-18 against the target of 530 (Budget
Outcomes, mentioned in speech 2019-20)
 Functional Mohalla Clinics – 100; No. of Doctors- Male 65, Female – 32
and Medical Officer from linked DGHC
(http://www.delhi.gov.in/wps/wcm/connect/d8c9d4804786c661bc5bff2dd8755fce/List+of+AAMCs.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&lmod=-
1080634983&CACHEID=d8c9d4804786c661bc5bff2dd8755fce
 School Health Scheme - 276 schools covered against the target of 400
for screening of health / nutrition status of students for 2018-19

Delhi : Data Speak
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 Merit cum Means Linked Assistance Scheme, around 2,865 applications received
 3.30 lakh students attended Mission Buniyad during summer vacations to
improve reading ability and solving Mathematics problems
 556 Special Training Centers (STCs) setup for mainstreaming the out of
schoolchildren and 17,178 children have been enrolled at STCs
(https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/state-editions/outcome-budget-highlights-govt---s-performance.html)
Sex Ratio – 868 (Urban), 852 (Rural) (2011)
CSR – 871(U) ; 814 (Rural) (2011)
SRB – 893 (2011) ; 913 (2017) (Provisional) (Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Delhi)
Sex Ratio (South Delhi) – 862 (2011) 799 (2001)
(http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/176-south-delhi.html)
4,204 families lived on footpath in South Delhi district in 2011
IMR – 22 to 21.35 (CRS) and 28 to 18 (SRS) (2011 and 2016 respectively)

Questions that each Department mustmust address
• What are the Goals and Objectives that my Department seeks to
achieve?
• How do they contribute to the National Goal of achieving Gender
Equality?
• What are the needs and priorities of women, especially those who are
poor, in my Department’s domain of work?
• Are these presently included and addressed in the Department’s
Policies, Plans, Programmes and Schemes?
• What activities will theWhat activities will the Department undertake this year that willDepartment undertake this year that will
reduce gender gaps?reduce gender gaps?
• WWhat difficulties does thehat difficulties does the Department face in enabling its services toDepartment face in enabling its services to
reach wreach women and girls? How can these challenges be addressed?omen and girls? How can these challenges be addressed?
 Source: MWCD Handbook 2015
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Dr. Paramita Majumdar 6 March 2019 03/12/19

What are measurements of change?
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Measuring change means tracking the degree to which, and in
what way, changes take place over time. From a gender
perspective, it might address changes in the
 RelationsRelations between men and women,
 changes in the outcomesoutcomes of a particular policy, programme or
activity for women and men, or
 changes in the status or situationstatus or situation of men and women with
regards to a particular issue such as levels of poverty or political
participation.

Indicator
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 An indicator is a pointer. It can be a measurement, a number, a fact, an
opinion or a perception that points at a specific condition or situation, and
measures changes in that condition or situation over time.
 Indicators provide a close look at the results of initiatives and actions.
Indicator will find the gaps in various sector and helpful to address the issues.
 Indicators are closely linked to objectives, so the first step towards
developing gender-sensitive indicators is to ensure that the programme
or project objectives have clearly defined gender goals, based on
gender analysis.
To develop your indicators, look at each of the key
objectives and ask what success would look like

Understanding Indicators vis-à-vis Objectives
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Types of Performance Indicators
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Levels

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 Risk/enabling indicators measures the influence of external factors on the project
or program. Risk/enabling indicators include socio-economic and environmental factors,
as well as the operation and functioning of institutions, the legal system, and socio-
cultural practices.
 Input indicators are resources devoted to the project or program. When project
funding begins and input indicators are used, it is also crucial to collect base-line data
from which results can be measured. An example of base-line data in an education
project might be literacy and enrolment rates, disaggregated by sex, ethnic and socio-
economic grouping.
 Process indicators measure delivery activities of the resources devoted to a
program or project. They monitor achievement during implementation, serving
primarily to track progress towards the intended results. In an education project,
process indicators may include views of the community as to facilities being built;
number of facilities in operating condition; enrolment rates of girls and boys; or amount
of stipend disbursements.

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 Output indicators are often used in project evaluations, but are less useful
than outcome indicators as they do not track distal results. One of the most
important tasks in use of indicators is to carry out evaluation at the outcome
as well as the output level. In an education project output indicators might
include: number of girls trained; opinions of teachers on training facilities
provided; or number of facilities in operating condition.
 Outcome indicators concern the effectiveness, often long-term, of a
program or project as judged by the measurable change achieved in improving
the quality of life of beneficiaries.They are also known as "impact" indicators.
Examples of outcome indicators in an education project are: views of parents
on the benefits of schooling; number of girls and boys employed from project
schools; type of employment; or impact of employment on women's
empowerment.

Gender Marker
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Gender Marker is a statistical tool that codes, on a 0-3 scale, whether or not a
policy or a programme/ scheme is designed well enough to ensure that they
benefit women and men equally and that disparities between them are reduced.
Code Definition
Code ‘0’ No Gender focus. These schemes/programmes are considered gender blind
Code ‘1’ Isolated gender focus - There are gender dimensions in only one or two
components of the scheme/programme
Code ‘2’ Significant gender focus - The primary focus of schemes/programmes under
this code is not gender equality, but gender equality is integrated as a major
component. At least 50% of the activities under this output promote gender
equality and/or empowerment of women.
Code ‘3’ Complete gender focus – The primary focus of schemes/programmes under
this code is to contribute towards gender equality and/or empowerment of
women. Gender is targeted in all activities and outcome of the
scheme/programme. And the baseline/target/output indicators are all
disaggregated by sex /gender.

Purpose of Gender Markers
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To provide the Line Departments with an improved system of
tracking resource allocations and expenditures that are made to
advance gender equality and/ or the empowerment of girls and
women.
Sensitize programme staff to assist in developing Annual Outputs
that advance gender equality and/ or girls’ and women’s
empowerment
To begin with, GMs can be applied to programme results that
receive budgetary allocation and not at the Organisation level.

Code 0 = No Gender Focus
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Example:
 Establishment and Improvement of Industrial Clusters (Non-Benf Scheme).
 Indicators:
 Number of Industrial clusters running in 10 Municipal Corporations
 Number of workers working in Industrial Clusters
 Number of Industrial Clusters with Environment Friendly projects/business
 Per cent of the Departments budget spent on setting up Industrial clusters
 Percent of the Departments budget spent on improving the Industrial clusters

Code 1 = Isolated/Marginal Focus
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Example:
 Commerce Department will systematically monitor the implementation of
Garment Policy to address poverty.
 Indicator:
 Commerce Department provide data, updated and disaggregated by sex, on the
situation of families and weavers

Code 2 = Significant
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Example:
 Increased access to safe water supply,
adequate sanitation and hygiene
facilities for children in 500 secondary
schools
 Indicator:
 Percent of schools with separate, lockable,
safe water supply, adequate sanitation and
hygiene facilities for girls
Example:
 Support the creation and implementation of
citizen friendly Police Station
 Indicator:
 % of male & female accessing the PS
 Number of PSs with adequate
infrastructure (toilets for women, separate
counselling room)
 Number of PS wherein Gender responsive
communication strategy developed and
implemented

Code 3 = Primary/Principal/Complete Focus
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Example:
 DomesticViolence Act and the policy framework protect women/girls from domestic violence
 Indicators:
 Prevalence (percent) of DV among adolescent girls /women
 Number of adolescent girls /women receiving services (free legal Aid, shelter home, skill
training)
 Number of DV cases prosecuted
 Per cent of reported DV cases prosecuted

We need to remember that…
If a policy or programme objective mentions gender equality,
without corresponding indicators measuring progress in
addressing gender inequality/disparities related to the objective,
policy statement, it would be rated as Code 0.
Gender Marker is not based on/dependent on the
financial allocations.
For Codes 2 and 3 indicators must measure progress towards
gender equality. Gender equality has to do with girls/women and
boys/men. Results targeting women and girls do not necessarily
promote gender equality

How to mainstream gender?
• Effective gender mainstreaming should be context-and content-oriented. This
means a much more qualitative analysismore qualitative analysis over and beyond the quantitative
presentation.
• Pre-requisites for context and content analysis -
 ProfilingProfiling generally provides a quantitative picture of the status of men and
women in any given sector, e.g. employment at university.
 Gender analysisGender analysis is an essential first step of collecting and analysing sex-
disaggregated information in order to understand gender differences and how
these differences may have an effect on policies' effectiveness.
 Gender auditGender audit is an evaluation process aimed at figuring out whether set
policies or interventions are doing that which they are meant to be doing. It is
an Institution’s self-assessment, monitoring and evaluation of interventions with
the broad aim of diagnosis and transformation.
03/12/19
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Dr. Paramita Majumdar 6 March 2019

Plan formulation criteria adopted by Nepal
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The broad indicators currently used by the Government of Nepal while
identifying the critical gender issue in each sector or a SWOT analysis from
gender lens is presented here. A checklist with possible set of questions and
indicators are worked out for local level planning and prioritisation of
allocation of resources
GRB Classification Framework
If the total is 50 or more, programme is directly gender responsive; 20-49 indirectly gender responsive
and < 20 is gender neutral. Between 2007-08 and 2014-15, directly GR budget increased from 11.3
to 22.27 & indirectly GRB 33.2 to 45 %
Indicators Points
1 Women’s Participation in Formulation & Implementation of programme 20
2 Women’s capacity development 20
3 Women’s share in benefit 30
4 Support in employment & income generating for women 20
5 Quality reform in women’s time use & minimization of their work-load 10
Source: http://mof.gov.np/uploads/document/file/speech_english_20180715091522.pdf

Bangladesh
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3 main tools of GRB
i) 2003 - Recurrent, Capital, Gender and Poverty (RCGP) Database
developed by MOF - all expenditure items are disaggregated at the
project level to indicate what % would benefit women and reduce
poverty
ii) 2005-06 - inclusion of gender and poverty indicators in MTBF
(Medium Term Budgetary Framework). Ministries are required to
assess gender impact of their strategies using 14 indicators &
allocations for 3 successive years. Activity is reflected for one year
and allocation for next two years
iii) 2009 onwards – Gender Budget Report (GBR) prepared by each
Ministry, No. has increased gradually, around 40 Ministries preparing
GBR;
Alignment of MTBF and Annual Development Plan

Group Work (20 minutes)
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PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
Risk/enabling
indicators
Input
indicators
Process
indicators
Output
indicators
Outcome
indicators
Instruction:
1.Select any scheme of your choice.
2.Select a particular objective from the scheme and fill in the columns
from gender lens
3.All the following Performance Indicators must linked to the particular
objective selected
4.Mention (E) for existing indicators and (P) for the proposed in your
exercise

drpmj2017@gmail.com
23

Relevance of data and indicators

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