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Ch15 eec3Diabetic Emergencies and Altered Mental Status
- 1. Chapter Diabetic Emergencies and Altered Mental Status Fifteen
- 3. Altered Mental Status K EY TERM Any mental status that is not normal or expected for that patient
- 7. Diabetes K EY TERM Condition brought about by decreased insulin production, which prevents the body’s cells from taking the simple sugar called glucose from the bloodstream
- 8. Insulin allows sugar to pass from the bloodstream into the cells.
- 9. Diabetes is treated with injections of insulin or oral medications.
- 10. Diabetic patients test their blood glucose at home.
- 12. Prepare blood glucose meter and test strip.
- 13. Cleanse skin with alcohol prep.
- 14. Use lancet to perform finger stick.
- 15. Apply the blood to test strip.
- 16. Read blood glucose test results.
- 17. Blood Glucose Readings 80-120 mg/dl Normal 60-80 mg/dl Moderate hypoglycemia Below 50 mg/dl Severe hypoglycemia Above 140 mg/dl Hyperglycemia Question results that are inconsistent with patient’s condition.
- 19. Hypoglycemia Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) is a life-threatening emergency for people with diabetes. But it is one that the EMT-B can treat. K EY TERM
- 33. A DMINISTRATION OF ORAL GLUCOSE
- 34. Squeeze glucose onto tongue depressor and place between cheek and gums. If patient is awake enough, let her squeeze oral glucose into mouth.
- 35. When glucose is gone, remove tongue depressor and reassess patient.
- 36. If patient loses consciousness, remove tongue depressor, secure airway, and transport promptly.
- 43. Seizure Sudden change in sensation, behavior, or movement caused by irregular electrical activity of the brain K EY TERM
- 49. Status Epilepticus A life-threatening condition in which the patient has two or more convulsive seizures without regaining consciousness K EY TERM
- 51. S TROKE
- 54. Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale Assess for 1) facial droop, 2) arm drift, and 3) slurred speech
- 55. If the patient’s family members say he/she is just “acting a little strange” or “not him/herself ” the EMT-Basic should always consider the possibility of a diabetic emergency or stroke. Sometimes early symptoms of these medical problems are subtle and overlap. Becoming experienced at obtaining a history and understanding the medications that patients take can help you uncover clues to the problem the patient may be experiencing today. P RECEPTOR P EARL
- 60. Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale Have patient attempt to smile.
- 61. Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale Have patient attempt to hold arms straight in front of them for 10 seconds.
- 62. Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale Evaluate patient’s speech.
- 71. 1. List the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia. 2. What are five causes of seizures? 3. Explain how to do the Cincinnati stroke scale. R EVIEW QUESTIONS