This document provides information about abortion. It defines abortion as ending a pregnancy before 22 weeks so that it does not result in birth. Between 10-15% of pregnancies end in spontaneous abortion, while another 10-60% are terminated through induced abortion. The document discusses causes of abortion, signs and symptoms of different abortion types, treatments and the role of midwives. It aims to help learners understand what abortion is, its causes, signs and treatments.

3. Contact:
MR. FAROOQ KHAN,
Address: Board of Intermediate & Secondary
Education Market, Shop # 2, Umair
Composing Center, University Road,
Peshawar, Pakistan
Cell#: +923219029706

5. INTRODUCTION:
 An abortion is the process of ending a
pregnancy so that it does not result in
the birth of a baby. It can be
spontaneous or by induction before the
24th
weeks of pregnancy.
No. 1

6. Conti…
 Between 10 and 15% of all pregnancies
terminates as spontaneous abortion,
and further 10 to 60% are terminated by
an induced (either legal or criminal
abortion).
No. 2

7. Conti…
 Around 13% of material deaths are due
to abortion 95% of these occur in
developing countries, nearly ½ of these
in Asia (WHO) 11.12% of maternal death
in Pakistan. These includes
spontaneous and induced abortion.
No. 3
(Chohan, 2005)

8. OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this presentation the learner
will be able to:
 Define abortion
 Explain the causes of abreaction
 Discuss the Sign & symptoms of abortion
 Explain the Treatment and role of
midwife.
No. 4

9. DEFINITION:
Expulsion of the fetus from the uterus
before 20-22 weeks of pregnancy.
Medical dictionary, 2004)
No. 5

10. There are two main types of
abortion.
♣ Spontaneous abortion
♣ Induced abortion
TYPES:
(Bennett, 2003)
No. 6

11.  Further types of spontaneous & induced
abortion
ABORTION
Spontaneous Induced
Threatened
Missed
Blood mole
Inevitable
Incomplete Complete
Criminal
Septic
No. 7

12. ♣ Drugs
♣ Smoking
♣ Nutrition deficiency
♣ Chromosomal abnormality
♣ Maternal age below 18 years above up
to 40 years.
CAUSES
(Bennett, 2003)
No. 8

13. SIGN & SYMPTOMS
No. 9
Inevitable
abortion
 Dilated cervix
Uterus
corresponds to
date
Tender uterus
 Lower Abdominal pain
No expulsion of
products of conception
Septic
abortion
Abdominal
tenders
Tender, soft
uterus.
 Foul smelling
vaginal discharge
bleeding
May or may not give
history of passing
products of conception
Lower abdominal pain

14. Conti…
No. 10
Threatene
d abortion
Uterus softer then
normal
 Closed cervix
Lower abdominal
pain
Incomplet
e abortion
 Dilated cervix
Uterus smaller then
date
 cramping/lower
abdominal pain
 partial expulsion
of products of
conception

15. Conti…
No. 11
Complete
abortion
Closed cervix
Uterus softer then
normal
 uterus smaller then
dates
Light lower
abdominal pain
Expulsion of
products of
conception
Missed
abortion
Uterus smaller then
dates
 Uterus softer then
normal
Closed cervix
Littler or no
cramping
 no expulsion of
products of
conception
Shah, 2007

16. INVESTIGATION
No. 12
Complete abortion  HB% blood group
 R/h factor pelvic abdominal
ultrasound
 Taxo brucela
In complete
abortion
 Hb% blood group R/h factor
 Abdominal ultrasound
Threatened
abortion
 Hb% blood group R/h factor
 Ultrasound

17. Conti…
(Chohan, 2005)
No. 13
Septic abortion Hb% blood group ultrasound
Vaginal swab (H VS)
Blood culture
Missed abortion R/h factor Hb% blood group
Habitual u/s Rlh factor
Hb%

18. Missed Abortion:
 If the uterine size is less then 12 weeks
its contents should be evaluated by
using the vacuum sucker apparatus.
 If the uterine is larger then 12 weeks
induction with the power full medication
TREATMENT AND NURSING
CARE
No. 14

19. Threatened Abortion:
 If a women have bleeding, be it bright of
dark blood. After five to seven days in
bed. She should be carefully assessed, if
the cervix is closed and pregnancy test if
post return to a quite sedentary life.
Hormone treatment is use all
Conti…
No. 15

20. Incomplete Abortion:
 Blood Arrangement
 Prepare for drugs
 Piece of placenta tissue stuck in the
cervix is caused of shock. This should be
removed carefully.
Conti…
No. 16

21. Habitual Abortion:
 The shirodkar stich
 Suturing the cervix from 38 weeks
Septic Abortion:
 Take a vaginal swab fro blood culture
sent after examination.
Conti…
No. 17
(Chohan, 2005)

22. An abortion is the process of
ending a pregnancy so it does not result
in the birth of a baby. It can be
spontaneous or by induction before the
24th weeks of pregnancy. Between 10
and 15% of all pregnancies terminates as
No. 18

23. spontaneous abortion, and a further 10-
60% are terminated by an induced (either
legal or criminal) abortion. Abortion,
occure due to maternal causes and fetal
causes.
No. 19

24. REFERENCES
 R.Ruth Bennett (2003) “Myles
Textbook for Midwives” 3rd
edition,
London.
 Dr. Muhammad Arshad Chohan
(2005) “Fundamentals of Obstetrics” 2nd
edition UK.
 Shah. Y (2007), Abortion and essential,
New born care”
 http://www.medicationdictionary,2004
 http://www.Ebook.com
 http://www.google.com No. 20