Animal Fibre lesson prescribed by APSCERT & TGSCERT for Class VII Science. PPT prepared by M Padma Lalitha Sharada of GHS Malakpet.

1. ANIMAL FIBRE[Part-1]

2. By
M PADMA LALITHA SHARADA
GHS Malakpet
For
Class VII General Science
APSCERT & TGSCERT
New syllabus
Under guidance
Of
Smt. C.B. NIRMALA
Rtd. Dy. E.O.
Nampally Mandal
Hyderabad

3. The fibres derived from plants like cotton
and jute that are made into fabric.

4. We get fibres from plants and animals.

5. Cotton, Jute, Gongoora, Coconut plant fibers
are useful to make different kinds of fabrics.

6. In the same way we get fibres of silk and wool
from animals like silk worms and sheep, goat,
camel, yak etc.

7. Let us find out about these animal fibres.

8. Story of silk:

9. Moth to egg

10. we call the eggs of silk moth seeds.

11. Silk moth is like butterfly. Those moths will be
kept in grill mesh boxes in separate rooms.

12. People call them as ‘Chilakalu’. Another
name of these moths is ‘Bombyx Mori’.

13. At the time of laying eggs people arrange
white cloth pieces or paper. Moths lay
hundreds of eggs on them.

14. A female moth lays around 500 eggs in one go
and dies. Those eggs are very small in size.

15. People generally allow these eggs to hatch in
special chambers usually over mats, on beds of
chopped mulberry leaves to get small worms.

16. Sometimes silk moths are also sold. People
buy these silk moths to produce eggs. These
centers are called ‘Grinages’.

17. There is a big seed growing centre at
Horsely Hills in Chittoor district.

18. Egg to cocoon

19. Here large trays with leaves and larva feeding
on them could be seen. Some trays had white
and yellowish egg like structures!

20. The whole process of obtaining silk starting
from silk moth is called sericulture.

21. Tiny white coloured silk worms (caterpillars)
will be placed in trays. People chop Mulberry
leaves into small pieces to feed them.

22. These worms eat leaves day and night. They
need good hygienic conditions and proper
light to grow.

23. When they grow bigger in size, people transfer
the worms into big sized cane frames called
“Chandrikalu”

24. After 30-35 days the caterpillar stops eating
and settles at a particular place. It weaves a
net to hold itself.

25. Caterpillar moves its mouth from side to side
and secretes fibre-like substance. When it is
exposed to air and heat it becomes strong.

26. The net is woven completely to cover the body
of the catterpillar. This seems to be a closed
sack. This is called ‘Pattukayalu’ (Cocoon).

27. The larva of silk worm undergoes changes in
the cocoon to change into a moth. After 2-3
weeks young moths come out from the
cocoons and fly away.

28. So we have to be very careful. Within 2-3 days
of formation of cocoon, people start removing
them from the tray.

29. People kill the larvae inside by a process called
stiffling by putting a lot of these in a steam
oven for 10 to 15 minutes.

30. The cocoons have to be stiffled to kill the larva
inside as otherwise, it will cut its way out after
growing into a moth and spoil the cocoon.

31. We will not be able to get a continuous thread
of silk from such a cocoon. Thus we won’t be
able to obtain quality fibre for fabric!

32. Stiffling helps us to store the cocoons for a
long time. This process is usually done in a
reeling centres.

33. These cocoons are kept in sealed bags and
sold at the cocoon market. If not stiffled,
people sell them off within a week.

34. Apart from Mulberry , Tasar silk (Desali Pattu)
is produced in our State.

35. Some species of silk moths that lay eggs on
termanalia (oak) plantation produce tasar silk.

36. Mostly tribal people rear
these kind of cocoons. This
silk plantation is mainly
concentrated in Karimnagar,
Adilabad, Warangal,
Khammam and coastal
regions of East Godavari and
Visakhapatnam.

38. Cocoon to fibre – Process of Reeling;
fibre to yarn
Locating ends of
thread of cocoon
Located ends
reeled onto reels

39. Caterpillar of silkworm spins fiber which is
mainly made up of two types of protein
(sirisine and fibroin) and is very strong.

40. The cocoons have to be boiled to loosen
the fibre to be able to reel it.

41. Obtaining silk fibre from cocoon is called
reeling. It is done with special machines called
reelers and twisters.

42. The silk fibre is carefully collected from the cocoon
and nearly 3 to 18 of such threads are wound
together to make yarn from it which is reeled.

43. This yarn is cleaned, bleached and
coloured.

44. The yarn is ready to be woven into a variety
of designed fabrics, on looms. We can see
reeling centres at Nandikotkur, Hyderabad,
Karimnagar etc.

45. Warp of sari being prepared.

46. Reeling to weaving

47. Pochampally is silk city of our state.
People weave silk fabric by using silk yarn
on handlooms.

48. For them , weaving is a traditional occupation.
They get silk yarn from reeling centres to
weave a variety of sarees.

49. Pochampally pattu and Dharmavaram are
famous types produced by our state.
Pochampally – Silk City

50. Pochampally pattu is also called ‘tie and
die or Jamdani’.

51. Dharmavaram is famous for its wide
border and rich buta or dots.

52. A Jamdani sari on loom.
Weft being woven over warp.

53. Banaras, Kanchipuram, Dharmavaram,
Narayanpet, Kothakota, Pochampally are all
types of silk fabrics. They get their names from
the places where they are made.
Banaras Kanchipuram
Narayanpet
Kothakota

54. There are some more varieties of silks
such as tasar silk, mooga silk, kosa silk, eri
silk and so on.
tasar silk mooga silk
kosa silk
eri silk

55. Some chemicals add strength to silk
fibres.

56. Silk is used to make other products as well
like satin and crepe.
satin crepe

57. We have both handlooms and power
looms to weave silk.

59. The thread we get
from the average
cocoon ranges from
about 1,000 to
3,000 feet, and
about 2,000 to
3,000 cocoons are
required to make
500 gm of silk. That
is about 5,000,000
feet or more than
1,000 miles!

60. People involved in the process suffer from
skin as well as respiratory problems due
to continuous handling of the silk worm
and the silk fibres.

61. THANK YOU
Smt. Nirmala
Madam
Sharada