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- 1. eMaterials Explained VLA: Ann Chambers Theis & Matt Phillips, October 2016 An Overview for Public Services Staff
- 2. Purchasing E-Resources Updated and Adapted from Sue Polanka’s 2013 presentation No Shelf Required ®
- 3. Topics of Conversation Why eReources? Purchasing Basics Licensing, Access, and Business Models Publishers & Wholesalers, Aggregators (Vendors) Evaluating Vendors & Budgeting Future thoughts
- 4. Why E-Resources? In 2015, 94% of libraries indicated that they offer ebooks to users LJ 2015 eBook Usage Report E-Resources Overview
- 5. Why? Demand 24/7 Access Order & Holds response time More free space in library Can be cost effective No Loss Issues
- 6. Consider Library Mission Scope of Collection Selection Criteria Collection Goals & Objectives Collection Policy Budgeting Technical Support Licensing Issues Local Government Purchasing Requirements
- 7. LJ 2015 eBook Usage Report E-Resources Overview Over the past five years, ebooks grew from just under 2% of public libraries’ materials budgets to more than 6%. If librarians had their choice, what would be the number one preferred eBook purchasing/licensing model? The top item, selected 43% of libraries, is “purchase with perpetual access–multi-user.” A distant second, selected by 18%, is “purchase with perpetual access–single user.”
- 8. Only about one-third of eBook titles (37.6% mean, 30.0% median) get reordered when their licenses expire. The decision to reorder an eBook title when its license expires is essentially based on demand, specifically the holds queue (61%), continuing high demand (52%), and prior circulation (49%). LJ 2015 eBook Usage Report E-Resources Overview
- 9. E-Resource Management Electronic resources now command a significant portion of a library’s collections budget in addition to the staff time to manage them. The management of e-resources introduces new challenges in terms of license agreements, “ownership,” budget priorities, distribution, access and more.
- 11. The content you want determines the vendor, business model, license, and format you will get.
- 13. Licensing and Copyright Right of First Sale in US US Copyright Law provides for Interlibrary Loan Licenses take away these rights Lease not own Limits on circulation
- 14. Think you own that eBook? …non-exclusive right to view, use, and display such Kindle Content an unlimited number of times Kindle Content is licensed, not sold, to you by the Content Provider. Text from Kindle Terms of Use
- 15. Libraries don’t own them either Print books are purchased as physical copies that the library owns. Rights holders typically license—rather than sell—access to digital resources. http://www.ala.org/transforminglibraries/frequently-asked- questions-e-books-us-libraries
- 16. Libraries don’t own them either Digital music and online journals represent examples of this shift from the last few decades; e-books are the latest form of content to make this transition. As licenses are contracts, libraries receive the rights articulated in the agreements. The usual e-book license with a publisher or distributor often constrains or altogether prohibits libraries from archiving and preserving content, making accommodations for people with disabilities, ensuring patron privacy, receiving donations of e- books, or selling e-books that libraries do not wish to retain. http://www.ala.org/transforminglibraries/frequently-asked- questions-e-books-us-libraries
- 18. Locally Owned & Managed Collections Douglas County Model +’s Purchase content files direct from publisher or author Control Interface We are the aggregator Self-preservation No DRM – kinda -’s IT/Programming staff Technology/servers We are the vendor Upkeep costs Not all publishers will play
- 19. Group/Consortia Models +’s More content, less money Consistency across libraries Share content One license Centralized tech/billing -’s Publishers don’t necessarily want shared collections Long process Less control of content/platform selection Negotiating the multiplier Higher holds ratios Cafeteria plans
- 20. Buying from Vendors/Aggregators: Bibliotheca Cloud Library, Access 360, Freading, OverDrive +’s Many publishers, one platform One license agreement Integrated into distribution systems and approval plans Discovery Improves visibility of smaller publishers & collections CD services offered -’s Not all publisher content available Delays in release or embargoes Pricing/licensing established by publishers, not much room for negotiation Limits on size of consortia? Minimum purchase requirements?
- 21. Buying from Wholesalers: Ebsco, Gale +’s Many publishers or aggregators Single or multiple titles Print or E titles Billing/licensing/shipping Approval plans E-preferred status Single library or consortia -’s Not all publisher content available Delays in release or embargoes Pricing/licensing established by publishers, not much room for negotiation
- 22. Baker & Taylor + Axis 360 More than a million eBooks and digital audiobooks Low cost of entry One stop shopping - TS3 CollectionHQ integration Harper-Collins, Penguin Random House, Hachette content APIs integrate with ILS Axis 360 app Cloud based delivery EPUB/PDF downloads
- 23. OverDrive Over one million titles, 2,000 publishers Big Five Publishers CollectionHQ integration Lease with maintenance/hosting fees Format choices + Kindle Ebooks/eaudiobooks/ezines, evideos + audio/video streaming OverDrive READ – browser based reading ILS system integration via APIs Advantage Program - shared collection + custom local collection
- 24. Hoopla Pay per Use Concurrent Users Thousands of movies, television shows, audiobooks, eBooks, comics and full music albums All titles are available for streaming using hoopladigital.com on a PC/Mac. Borrowed titles are for streaming and a temporary download on iOS and Android devices.
- 25. OneClickdigital - RBdigital RBdigital (Dec 5, 2016) The new RBdigital app will combine OneClickdigital eBook/audiobook app with Zinio for Libraries magazine app, so access to audiobooks, magazines, and eBooks will all be in one app. OneClickdigital is a downloading service featuring eBooks and professionally narrated English- and Spanish-language audiobooks (Recorded Books) and Zinio Magazines Access to some Rbdigital eResources provided by Library of Virginia (LOV)
- 26. Bibliotheca Cloud Library 300,000+ ebook titles; 300+ publishers Penguin Random House, Macmillan, Harper- Collins Purchase with rights to move content Manage content in the cloud ILS integration Content Acquisition Tool (CAT)
- 27. Freading 50,000+ ebook titles No Big Five Pay per use, nothing owned $150 start-up fee, no ongoing access fees Simultaneous use of titles via weekly checkout limit $.50 - $2.00 a loan, depending on copyright date Meet high demands at lower cost Provided by Library of Virginia
- 28. If you want… Largest selection of titles (Kindle format) – OverDrive Pay per Use, no fees - Hoopla Low cost of entry, integration with TS3 – Baker & Taylor Own/transfer content – Bibliotheca Cloud Library LOV provides access – Freading Titles from Big Five – OverDrive, Baker & Taylor, Bibliotheca Cloud Library, Hoopla Integration into ILS - OverDrive, Baker & Taylor, Bibliotheca Cloud Library, Hoopla
- 29. Suggested Readings E-Book Media and Communications Toolkit http://www.ala.org/transforminglibraries/ebooktoolkit Ebook Business Models: A Scorecard for Public Libraries ALA Digital Content & Libraries Working Group www.districtdispatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Ebook_Scorecard.pdf Library Services in the Digital Age Pew Internet libraries.pewinternet.org/2013/01/22/library-services/ Library Patrons and Ebook Usage Library Journal Patron Profiles, v1 n1 (fee based report) A primer on eBooks for libraries just starting with downloadable media Polanka, Sue, in Library Journal http://bit.ly/Iz9jwE
- 31. Evaluating Vendors Find your content first Business Models available Level of access desired User Interface features DRM/restrictions Statistics/Use Data Support
- 32. Sample Evaluation Matrix Chart courtesy of University of California Irvine Libraries
- 33. ALA’s Scorecard for Public Libraries Replicate print Inclusion of titles Transfer content Lend indefinitely Accessibility Integration with ILS Single User Limited Loans Variable Pricing Delayed sales with discounts Premium for immediate access In library check-out Consortia/ILL restrictions Enhanced discover Sales channel http://www.districtdispatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Ebook_Scorecard.pdf
- 34. Budgeting What is the best practice? Most are reallocate existing print funds List Cost vs. Discount vs. List+ Look for sustainable models Holds Queue Ratios Renewals of Metered Access resources Access Fees and ongoing costs?
- 35. The size of public library ebook collections continues to swell. In 2015, the median number of ebooks that libraries offer exceeds 14,000 titles, almost double what it was as little as two years ago A challenge for libraries lies in the expansion of eBook collections while continuing to maintain robust print collections and other services. Six out of ten libraries have reallocated funding from elsewhere in their materials budgets to pay for eBooks. Print, reference, and databases took the biggest hits, but 17% say they take a little from all areas to pay for eBooks LJ 2015 eBook Usage Report E-Resources Overview
- 36. Budget for what your Community Wants!
- 38. Issues License Tracking Renewals Weeding Usage Stats and Cost per Use Ease of Access Demand for e-Resources Budget Cuts Publisher changes Just in Time vs Just in Case Library as Place Informing & Educating Public
- 39. Future Games Issues & Concerns Self Publishing Local Author Collections Patron Driven Acquisition Budgeting Collection Analysis Discovery & Promotion Catalog Integration Readers Services Training
- 40. Keeping Up? No Shelf Required: www.noshelfrequired.com LJ/SLJ ebook blog: www.thedigitalshift.com ALA eContent blog: americanlibrariesmagazine.org/blogs/e-content Teleread: www.teleread.org INFOdocket: www.infodocket.com The Digital Reader: www.the-digital-reader.com/ Go-to-hellman: go-to-hellman.blogspot.com Frequently Asked Questions Regarding Ebooks and U.S. Libraries: http://www.ala.org/transforminglibraries/frequently-asked-questions- e-books-us-libraries
- 41. Resources Public Library Google Site: https://sites.google.com/a/overbooked.com/libraryland/ E-Resources Purchasing Overview PowerPoint LJSLJ 2015 eBook Report Big-Five-Ebook-Terms Guide-to-Ebook-Licensing-Purchase- Models Public Library Competencies OverDrive PowerPoint HCPL OverDrive Cheat Sheet HCPL CM Budgeting PowerPoint
- 42. Questions? ? ? ?
- 43. Contact Us Ann Chambers Theis actheis@henricolibrary.org Matt Phillips mphillips@henricolibrary.org
Notas do Editor
- MP Thanks for joining me today for the first of our 2 part webinar on eBooks. number of attendees today from a variety of libraries. Before we get started, I have a couple of questions to ask you so that we all have a better idea of who is on the webinar. Dan, please post the poll questions. Throughout the webinar I encourage you to ask questions via the chat window, comment, and have conversations amongst yourselves through the chat. I know a lot about ebooks, but I don’t know everything and find it extremely difficult to keep up on all the latest news since this industry is changing so quickly. I will share what I know and hope that you will share your knowledge and experience with others via chat or twitter as well. Disclaimer – my presentation is up-to-date as of today, but things might change tomorrow! You don’t have to buy ebooks. You may be opposed to it due to the multitude of restrictions and that is fine. My purpose here today is to educate you about options, opportunities, and challenges. I have enough content for days, but only have 90 minutes.
- MP Intro Program Why eMaterials? Purchasing & Budgeting Models Vendors & Publishers Evaluating Collections Future Games OverDrive Overview Resources Questions Evaluations Today we will focus on purchasing and accessing eBooks Topics include – I’ll stop for questions throughout the discussion today.
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- AT Often, the content you want will automatically determine the vendor, business model, license, and format that you will get. This is particularly true with US public libraries, who have limited choices for purchasing best-selling fiction.
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- AT “first-sale’’ doctrine of copyright law, which says once somebody buys something, they’re free to do what they like with it—donate it, resell it, or in the case of libraries, lend it out. Mary Minow – E-book buying vs. licensing, Layers of control - Physical, copyright, licenses/agreements, and encryption/DRM, and the DMCA. The physical layer of control was chains on books, 2nd layer was the publishers wanting control and thus copyright was born, licenses cover the vendors, DRM protects digital copies and the DMCA makes it illegal to “pick locks on digital content”. DRM is a digital restrictions management that has nothing to do with copyright. The purpose of copyright law is to expand knowledge.Copyright on published works – life of author plus 70 years.Section 108g of the copyright law allows libraries to do ILL.Libraries are still subject to the copyright restrictions on ebooks. They can’t make copies, etc. What is first sale? Important for our existence. Allows us to loan books and sell used books. This is in the US, but don’t take it for granted b/c it’s not the same in other countries. Some libraries in other countries have to pay royalties on the times a book is checked out. Fair use argument to allow library loans – 4 factors in the law. purpose, nature, amount, and market effect.Copyright only protects the publisher and author, not the vendor, so vendors need a license agreement. The license agreement negates copyright, so technically we start with ILL, the license agreement takes it away. So, don’t sign license agreements that take it away. Removing DRM is easy to do, but should you/can you do it? DMCA of 1998 made it a crime to “pick the lock” and remove the DRM. DMCA is a law that criminalizes tampering with digital locks. But, there are some exceptions, but they are very narrow and revised every 3 years. July 2010 – added ebook controls on read-aloud functions when all existing editions block accessibility. Cell phone apps interoperability. "... (i)n the event of termination, DLR [OverDrive] will cooperate with the Consortium to transfer any and all Digital Products and content purchased from DLR or independently owned by Consortium to another service provider to permit Library to continue to serve its Patrons with Digital Products. For Digital Products that Consortium has purchased from DLR, Consortium shall obtain permissions and consent from the owners of the Digital Product authorizing DLR to transfer the Content.“ But what does bother me about the Kindle’s DRM is the fact that once you download a book, it is permanently bound to your Kindle account. The new Kindle lets you share the content if you own multiple units and Amazon says it will make Kindle content available on other devices. But what you cannot do is sell, trade, or give away the book when you are done with it. U.S. copyright law is grounded in something called the first-sale doctrine. First sale means that when you purchase a protected work, you own it outright and are allowed to dispose of it any way you want. In fact, you can do just about anything you please with it except duplicate it. Kindle’s DRM takes away my first-sale rights. The same can be said about the DRMs that protect downloaded music (where DRM seems to be dying), videos, and games. But those don’t have the same emotional effect on me that DRMed books do, probably because the trade in used books has been an important part of our culture in the way that selling used audio or video recordings has not. Our culture would certainly be much poorer without Powell’s Books in Portland, Ore., or Witherspoon Books in Princeton, N.J., or Manhattan’s Strand Bookstore. It seems to me that there should be a simple solution to this problem. With all of its technology, Amazon should be able to find a way that I could transfer a Kindle book from my account to someone else’s.
- AT Kindle Upon your download of Digital Content and payment of any applicable fees (including applicable taxes), the Content Provider grants you a non-exclusive right to view, use, and display such Digital Content an unlimited number of time…solely on the Kindle or a Reading Application or as otherwise permitted as part of the Service, solely on the number of Kindles or Other Devices specified in the Kindle Store, and solely for your personal, non-commercial use. Digital Content is licensed, not sold, to you by the Content Provider. LJ 2015 eBook Usage Report E-Resources Overview The Content Provider may include additional terms for use within its Digital Content. Those terms will also apply, but this Agreement will govern in the event of a conflict. Some Digital Content, such as Periodicals, may not be available to you through Reading Applications.
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- AT But there are significant challenges with consortial ebook pricing which included: publishers don’t necessarily want shared access and as a result are putting some pressure on aggregators to limit the size of consortia or the available biz models for consortia individual libraries have different needs and may not want to spend money on titles for the entire consortia OhioLINK example – antheneum has completely different needs than the NEOUCOM medical library. As a result, individual libraries have less control of the content purchased and of the platform/aggregator purchased. differences in opinion on ebook platform and the user experience of each platform Some consortia are negotiating contracts in a “cafeteria” style. Here consortia members purchase only the titles they want access to, but get a discount because they are purchasing as part of a larger group. Some consortia are investigating the use of approval plans for ebooks, some with the PDA model. These can be very difficult to establish and negotiate, not necessarily between the consortia and the vendor, but between the consortia members. One challenge for negotiations b/t the consortia and vendor is negotiating the multiplier. The multiplier is the number of list price copies a consortia needs to pay for in order for everyone to have unlimited access to the content. For example, the Orbis Cascade Alliance, who is finalizing a contract with EBL for consortial purchasing with STL and PDA, agreed to a multiplier of 5. So, 5 copies of the same title need to be purchased in order for the entire consortia (34 I think) to have access. Finally, in public library systems where books are checked out, larger consortia means the potential for larger queues for popular titles. For libraries who are launching downloadable ebooks as a new service, the queues could be a turn-off for would be patrons.
- AT Not all publisher content is available via the aggregator, publishers do hold back more popular titles Some titles are sold via the publisher first, then are sent to the aggregator, so there are delays in release or embargoes Pricing/licensing is established by contracts with the publishers, and there is not much room for negotiation. Anytime an aggregator wants to adapt a biz model, or anything that has to do with DRM (printing, downloading), the publisher contracts need to be updated. Some publishers are concerned about loss of revenue due to large consortia buying fewer titles. As a result, some are limiting the size of the consortia. Another example is with OverDrive – they used to have the statewide consortia plans where public and academic libraries could purchase titles. OverDrive now excludes academics from joining these public consortia groups. Several public librarians have told me that the ongoing access fees for OverDrive are very steep and it is difficult for smaller libraries to pay these fees. Aggregators don’t own the content, the publishers do, so if something should happen to them, what happens to your content? We’ve experienced this scare twice now with the sale/purchase of NetLibrary. We’ll discuss this again later in the webinar.
- AT Wholesalers are also similar to aggregators in the challenges they present with e-books. They can only sell content made available by publishers. Additionally, price negotiations are not as flexible because two parties are now seeking revenues from the same sale.
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- 3M Cloud Library – 3M launched its cloud library in June of 2011. They currently offer 100,000 ebook titles (other formats will be forthcoming) from 40 publishers. Small public libraries in a consortial group can be easily accommodated by the 3M service. They also have pricing terms for small libraries who wish to remain independent. What makes 3M unique is their year by year commitment with ownership of content. They also offer cloud delivery of content. The company is engaged in discussions with Amazon and hopes to offer downloads to Kindle devices in the future 3M now has 300,000 ebook titles and over 1,000 customers. They are currently the only vendor to offer all customers access to Penguin titles (about 45,000 titles). These titles have a 6 month embargo. They are also providing access to Macmillan content.3M is live with ILS integration with Polaris, BiblioCommons,and Boopsie. III and Sirsi are targeted for March/April 2013.The 3M Content Acquisition Tool (CAT) (launching in April) now provides featured book lists created by Heather McCormack (Former LJ Book Review Editor). Imagine "if you liked The Hunger Games, try these." The CAT now offers a save search feature, multiple shopping carts, improved searching capabilities, and eISBN searching as well.3M still provides their own eInk eReader for $149 each. Libraries can check them out to patrons with no preloaded content. Patrons can borrow, search for 3M books, read, and return. The device is easily restored to default settings for the next customer. 3M also provides the 3M Discovery Terminals, which allow readers to find and check out digital content at the library using a touch interface.
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- Once you’ve determined which vendors have the content you wish to purchase, the attention then turns to evaluating the vendor. A good rule of thumb is to use an evaluation matrix that contains the important criteria for your library or consortia. I have a sample matrix, from the University of California, Irvine, that I’ll share with you in a moment, the URL is listed here, which allows you to download the spreadsheet. Some important evaluation criteria: Make sure the vendor has the content you need Determine the available business models and how these will impact your budget and ongoing costs Examine and test the user interface. Make sure you try a variety of searches and attempt to do everything your patrons would do to get access to that content – printing, downloading, copying, pasting, etc. Find out what the DRM restrictions are for these features and test them all. Make sure you know how statistics will be kept, how they are kept, and whether or not they can be integrated into your existing ILS system. An important missing component is the availability to circulation figures that can be downloaded into our ILS system from our Electronic vendors. This is something that the collection HQ people are suggesting we fight for- or (and this is not likely soon) find an ILS system that actually circulates our e-books for us. There are many issues with the latter model-including , probably, having a server on which to mount our e-book collection and.....? Investigate the level of support by using it during your trial period. Ask other libraries about their experience, pose questions on listservs about the company, etc.
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- AT I’m not sure there is a standard or even a best practice for budgeting for ebooks. To my knowledge, most libraries are not getting increased funds in order to add this new format to their collections, so this generally means that funds must be reallocated from existing print lines in order to purchase the ebooks. With ebooks, you will generally pay the list cost, sometimes higher for unlimited use. This is quite different than 20% -45% discount off list for the print title from a distributor. Must address the needs of all patrons, some print, some electronic Make certain to weigh the costs of purchasing vs. leasing to guaranteed that the model you choose is sustainable in the long run. Also weigh the cost of e vs. p. Maintaining a print collection has ongoing costs – space, reshelving, staff, etc. Know the annual access fees going in, and again, make sure these are sustainable. Before jumping in head first, I recommend some smaller pilot projects for ebooks.
- It’s about doing what your community wants and needs. Supporting the children and YA collections as needed by the teachers, curriculum, and demands placed on you by your users. If they want print, buy them print, If the want E, buy them E. It’s not a competition remember, we are going to have the two side by side, in harmony, each being used for the right purpose.
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- MP There are a number of great sources about ebooks. The ones on this list are sources that I follow. The last one is on twitter, and each of the ones listed here also has a twitter feed. I welcome you to follow me on No Shelf Required, a blog I’ve maintained for the last 3 years. share screen, demo NSR – show feeds, articles, interviews, do a search for articles of interest
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