Melb EV Expo 2013

1. Battery Electric Power
David Clark, retired Senior Lecturer,
Mechanical Engineering, Swinburne University
EV Expo 13 April 2013, Alternative Energy Association
• Tool Power Cordless Drills
• Pedal Power People power
• Bike Dynamics Speed, slopes & brakes
• Car Power Speed, slopes & brakes
• Engine Types Power, efficiency
• Motor Types Power, efficiency
• Battery Types Energy storage, mass
• Choosing systems Bikes, electric, hybrids

2. Tool Power
• Youth in tinnie, cordless drill driving propeller!
• Cordless drills Battery
• 2003 Metabo $299 12v 16.8Wh 0.65kg NiCd
• 2013 Taurus $60 24v 31.2Wh 0.85kg NiMH
• 2013 18vLi-Ion readily available range
• Ozito $78 23.4Wh 1.4kg 2batteries
– Bosch $198 27Wh 1.3kg 2batteries
– Makita $249 23.4Wh 1.6kg 3batteries
– AEG $269 3 year trade warranty

3. Pedal Power
• 80’s Gent keeps riding with his front elec. motor!
• Pedal power - 5min 300W, 1hr 200W, 5hr 100W
• Sport bike 20km/h 30km/h 40km/h
• Speed level 60W 160W 360W
• Slope 1% +/- 44W 66W 88W
• Slope 2% +/- 88W 132W 176W
• Acceln 10sec 121W 40sec 121W
• Braking 2sec 600W 4sec 1200W
• Solar racer 3kW for about 120km/h

4. Passenger Car Power
• Nissan Leaf keeps up with all cars on green light!
• Vehicle assumptions – 2m2 area, 1000kg
• Power needs 40km/h 80km/h 120km/h
• Sedan 0.3Cd 0.5kW 4kW 13kW
• Sports 0.23Cd 0.4kW 3kW 10kW
• Slope 5%+/- 5.6kW 11kW 17kW
• Slope 10%+/- 11kW 23kW 33kW
• Acceln. 15sec 4kW 36kW
• Braking 2sec 30kW 4sec 136kW
• Combine all power demands together

5. Vehicle Parameters
• Fuel parameters
• Engines – 220-230g/kWh, 39-37% efficient
• Liquid fuels – 42.5MJ/kg, 11.8kWh/kg
• Diesel engines & turbochargers are better!
• Battery parameters
• Li-ion 2<3kW/kg 60<80Wh/kg HEV
• Li-ion 1<2kW/kg 130>90Wh/kg PHEV
• NiMH 1-1.5kW/kg 45Wh/kg
• Electric motors take short-term overload!
• Very high efficiencies with exotic magnets

6. Choosing Systems
• Bikes Front, crank or rear wheel elec drives
• Miev 16kWh, 47kW motor, 155 km range
• Leaf 24kWh, 80kW motor, 140+ km range
• PriusC 0.9kWh N, 1.5 eng, 45kW mtr, 3.9L
• Jazz 0.6kWh N, 1.3 eng, 10kW mtr, 4.5L
• Volt 16kWh, 1.4 eng, 111kW mtr, 87km, 4L
• VWXL1 5kWh, 0.8 diesel, 21kW mtr, 0.9L
• Final decision – people, distance, frequency,
investment, preferences

7. Choosing Systems
• Bikes Front, crank or rear wheel elec drives
• Miev 16kWh, 47kW motor, 155 km range
• Leaf 24kWh, 80kW motor, 140+ km range
• PriusC 0.9kWh N, 1.5 eng, 45kW mtr, 3.9L
• Jazz 0.6kWh N, 1.3 eng, 10kW mtr, 4.5L
• Volt 16kWh, 1.4 eng, 111kW mtr, 87km, 4L
• VWXL1 5kWh, 0.8 diesel, 21kW mtr, 0.9L
• Final decision – people, distance, frequency,
investment, preferences