The document discusses numerical simulations of liquefaction phenomena following the 2012 Emilia Romagna earthquake in Italy. It describes using the OpenSees software platform to model liquefaction in incoherent soils, cohesive soils, and various case studies. It details the finite element method definition, boundary conditions, mesh calibration, and presents results of excess pore pressure and lateral displacement over time at different depths for different meshes. Future research opportunities are mentioned, including soil-structure interaction studies and cyclic testing.

1. D. Forcellini, S. Gobbi and G. Guerra
Università di San Marino
davforc@omniway.sm
Numerical simulations of liquefaction
phenomena after Emilia Romagna
(20 May 2012) earthquake

2. OPENSEES PL

3. INCOHERENT SOILS

4. INCOHERENT SOILS

5. COHESIVE SOILS

6. CASE STUDY

7. CASE STUDY

8. CASE STUDY

9. CASE STUDY

11. TRADITIONAL METHODS

12. TRADITIONAL METHODS
(Youd and Perkins 1978)

13. CASE STUDY

14. CLAY MATERIALS

15. SAND MATERIALS

16. INPUT MOTION
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.00
-0.01
-0.02
-0.03
-0.04
-0.05
-0.06
-0.07
-0.08
-0.09
-0.10
-0.11
-0.12
-0.13
-0.14
-0.15
-0.16
-0.17
Accelerogramma L1
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Accelerazione (g)
t (s)

17. FEM DEFINITION

18. BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

19. FINITE ELEMENTS

20. CALIBRATION
(1558 nodes, 1224 elements) (1911 nodes, (825 nodes, 616 elements) 1520 elements)

21. CALIBRATION
100.0
90.0
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
EPP (5.55 m)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
EPP (kPa)
t (s)
Mesh 01 Mesh 03 Mesh 04

22. CALIBRATION
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
TOP DISPLACEMENT
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Top. Displ. (m)
t (s)
Mesh 01 Mesh 03 Mesh 04

23. 100.00
90.00
80.00
70.00
60.00
50.00
40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00
Excess Pore Pressure at 3.70 m
100.00
90.00
80.00
70.00
60.00
50.00
40.00
30.00
Excess Pore Pressure at 5.55 m
100.00
90.00
80.00
70.00
60.00
Excess Pore Pressure at 7.40 m
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
EPP (kPa)
50.00
t (s)
20.00
10.00
0.00
40.00
30.00
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
EPP (kPa)
t (s)
20.00
10.00
0.00
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
EPP (kPa)
t (s)
RESULTS

24. 0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.00
Top Lateral Displacement
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
Lateral Displacement at 3.70 m
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
Lateral Displacement at 5.55 m
0.05
0.04
Lateral Displacement at 7.40 m
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Lateral Displacement (m)
t (s)
0.00
0.01
0.03
0.02
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Lateral Displacement (m)
t (s)
0.00
0.01
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Lateral Displacement (m)
t (s)
0.00
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Lateral Displacement (m)
t (s)
RESULTS

25. RESULTS

26. RESULTS
(scale 1:150)

27. SSI STUDIES
(future research)

28. CYCLIC TP

30. RESULTS
(scale 1:10)

31. REFERENCE

32. D. Forcellini, S. Gobbi and G. Guerra
Università di San Marino
davforc@omniway.sm
THANK YOU!
davforc@omniway.sm