2. Introduction
This presentation is for you, the student, to gain
knowledge about the states of matter. Within each
category is…
• a definition of each state of matter,
• information about water as each state,
• information about physical and chemical changes,
• and a short quiz to test your knowledge
After you have gone through the four sections,
proceed to the quiz.
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4. Solid
Definition: A solid is matter that has
definite size and shape.
A Solid…
• retains a fixed volume and shape
(rigid - particles locked into place)
• is not easily compressible
(little free space between particles)
•does not flow easily
(rigid - particles cannot move/slide past one
another)
6. Solid
Water as a solid.
Ice, snow, and frost are examples of water in the
solid state. Liquid water freezes at 0 degrees
Celsius. Winter is a season that you see a lot of
solid water. Other examples of solid water are ice
cubes, icicles, ice on a skating rink.
7. Liquid
Definition: A liquid takes the shape of any container.
A Liquid…
• assumes the shape of the part of the container
which it occupies
(particles can move/slide past one another)
•not easily compressible
(little free space between particles)
•flows easily
(particles can move/slide past one another)
9. Liquid
Water as a liquid.
Liquid water is found in many places. You see
liquid water coming out of the faucet, when it rains,
and running in a river. Pure liquid water is free of
salt, rocks, soil, and garbage.
10. Gas
Definition: Gas is matter that has no definite shape.
Gases take the shape of whatever container they
are in .
A Gas…
• assumes the shape and volume of its container
(particles can move past one another)
•compressible
(lots of free space between particles)
•flows easily
(particles can move past one another)
11. Gas
Examples Nitrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Oxygen
Hydrogen
12. Gas
Water as a gas.
Water in the liquid state may change to water in
the gaseous state. Water evaporates to turn into a
gas. Gases are colorless and odorless. You cannot
see gas ,but sometimes you can hear it and smell
it.
13. Changes
Changes in matter occur for
different reasons and under
different circumstances.
These two types of
changes are PHYSICAL
and CHEMICAL changes.
14. Changes
CHEMICAL change happens when substances
are changed into different substances. Another
words, the composition of the substance changes.
There are different ways to tell if matter has gone
through a chemical change. We can look to see if…
• the color has changed,
• the odor has changed,
• there is a light at the sight of the change,
• there is a production of other substances, and
• energy is absorbed or released.
15. Changes
Changes in color can indicate a chemical change.
As in the case of autumn leaves, a change in color
is a clue to indicate a chemical change.
Perhaps you have found a half eaten apple that
turns brown. The reason is that a chemical change
has occurs when food spoils.
16. Changes
Changes in odor indicates a chemical change.
It only takes one experience with a rotten egg to
learn that they smell different that fresh eggs. When
eggs and food spoil, they undergo a chemical
change. The change in odor is a clue to the
chemical change.
As wood burns, it turns into a pile of ashes and
gases that rise into air. This smell is very
recognizable. After the wood is burned, it cannot be
restored to its original form as a log.
17. Changes
If there is a light at the site of the
change, it is a chemical reaction.
The explosion of a firework is a chemical
change.
18. Changes
When another substance is produced it is a chemical
change.
The formation of a gas is a clue to chemical changes.
The bubbles of gas that you observed form when an
antacid is dropped into water is an example of change.
Another clue that a chemical change has occurred is
the formation of a solid. A solid that separates out of
solution during a chemical change is called a
precipitate.
19. Changes
When the absorption and the release of energy
occurs it is an indication of a chemical change.
When you bake a cake, energy is absorbed by the
batter as it changes form a runny mix into a cake.
20. Changes
Physical changes are relatively easy to identify. If
only the form of a substance changes, you have
observed a physical change.
A common physical change occurs when matter
changes from one phase to another. When an ice
cube melts for example, it becomes liquid water.
The solid ice and liquid water have the same
composition. The only difference is the form.
21. Changes
So what is the difference?
Think about ice for a moment. After ice
melts into liquid water, you can refreeze it
into solid ice if the temperature drops.
Freezing and melting are physical changes.
The substances produced during chemical
changes however cannot easily change
back into the original substances.
The most important thing for your to
remember is that in a physical change the
composition of a substance does not
change and in a chemical change the
composition of a substance does change.
27. Quiz
Instructions:
1. Read the question completely.
2. Eliminate any answer possible.
3. Click the one you choose to answer.
4. Click arrow to begin quiz.
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28. 1. A _____ is matter that has definite size
and shape.
A. liquid
B. solid
C. volume
D. gas
55. 10. In a chemical change, after the wood is
burned, it cannot be restored to its original
____ as a log.
A. form
B. liquid
C. rock
D. melting point
67. Credits
images on slides 4, 7, 10 from
http://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=physical-science-at-glencliff-structure-properties-
matter
information from slides 4-12 from
http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/atoms/states.html http://science.pppst.com/favicon.ico
image from slide 5 from
http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~fussell/courses/cs384g/projects/raytracing/ray_examples/
image from slide 5 from http://www.refmet.com/
image from slide 5 from http://library.thinkquest.org/05aug/00461/igneous.htm
image from slide 5 from http://green.psu.edu/psuDoing/recycling/plasticcontainers.asp
image from slide 5 from http://chirobeans.wordpress.com/2012/02/23/why-is-icing-my-back-so-important/
information from slides 6, 9, 12 from http://www.nyu.edu/pages/mathmol/textbook/slg.html
image from slide 6
Flickriver: Most interesting photos tagged with of4mx
images from slide 9 from http://www.futurity.org/science-technology/putting-on-the-squeeze-to-
%E2%80%98freeze%E2%80%99-water/
images from slide 12 from http://www.dailytech.com/article.aspx?newsid=17553
68. Credits
images on slide 1 from http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/images/?CTT=6&ver=14&app=powerpnt.exe
images on slide 8 from http://www.exercise4weightloss.com/drinking-water.html
image from slide 11 from http://sitemaker.umich.edu/section4group1/hydrogen_power
information and pictures from slides 13-26 from http://www.ric.edu/faculty/ptiskus/chemical/
http://www.glass-rite.com/2011/11/15/got-condensation-2/
image from slide 26 from http://www.freeimageslive.co.uk/free_stock_image/frozenwatersheet02287jpg
image from slide 22 from http://whatscookingamerica.net/boilpoint.htm
TEKS: 5th grade science
(5) Matter and energy. The student knows that matter has measurable physical properties and those
properties determine how matter is classified, changed, and used. The student is expected to:
(A) classify matter based on physical properties, including mass, magnetism, physical state (solid, liquid,
and gas), relative density (sinking and floating), solubility in water, and the ability to conduct or insulate
thermal energy or electric energy;
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