2. BACKGROUND
There was a time when the traditional approach
of teaching was adopted by most of the teachers,
where the learner used to be dependent only on
the lecture delivered by the teacher. They were
not exposed to enough practice of speaking on
their own and hence the interaction among the
students in the classroom was almost absent.
But as the education system changed with time
so has the teaching methods. Education system
now demands more of student interaction rather
than just listening to the instructor. Hence
Classroom Interactionism very essential in
today’s education system.
University of Arm Forces English Methodology Hernandez Oscar
3. WHAT IS THE MEANING OF CLASSROOM
INTERACTION?
The term classroom interaction refers to
the interaction between the teacher and
learners and among the learners in the
classroom. Descriptions of classroom
interaction focused initially on the
language used by the teacher , especially
teacher questions and the learner
responses elicited, teachers ‘feedback and
turn-allocation behavior.
University of Arm Forces English Methodology Hernandez Oscar
4. THE IMPORTANCE OF INTERACTION
• Aspects of the Language pedagogy Standard
specifically addressed in this:
• (to) create a culture of learning …which fosters
interest in languages and cultures and encourage
learners to accept responsibility for their own
learning
• a range of methodologies for languages and
cultures teaching and in their practice select from
these in a principled way, taking into
consideration the learners,
• the learning context, curriculum goals, and the
aspect of language being taught
• Studies conducted on classroom interaction have
shown that student talk accounts for an average
of less than 30 per cent of talk in ‘teacher-fronted’
classrooms. Yet studies on language and learning
have shown that children not only learn to talk
but they also talk to learn . This can be seen from
the fact that children are persistent questioners;
it is by asking questions that they explore and
learn about the world around them. However,
studies have shown that the number of questions
asked by children drops significantly as soon as
they enter school
Nature of Interaction Talk and interaction
University of Arm Forces English Methodology Hernandez Oscar
5. CONSIDERING INTERACTION IN PRACTICE
Participants:
• teacher – class
• teacher – student
• student – student
• others, including members of the target
language speaking community
Types of interaction
interactions between:
• language and culture
• prior learning and new concepts
2- interactions for
• Communication and
• learning
Sources:
• teacher – students
• text book, texts,
technologies, tasks University of Arm Forces English Methodology Hernandez Oscar
6. GOALS OF CLASSROOM INTERACTION
• promote meaningful communication in
the target language.
• promote reflection on language and
culture learning and use
• provide a metalanguage for talking about
language and culture
• engage learners with concepts and
processes for language and culture
learning
• probe learners’ prior learning and
interpretations of new concepts about
language and culture
• engage learners with texts and
resources that reflect language and
culture in context
• engage learners in tasks that deepen
their experience and understanding of
the target language and culture
University of Arm Forces English Methodology Hernandez Oscar
7. LANGUAGE USE IN CLASSROOM
INTERACTION
• at least two languages for use
hybrid forms can support target
language use
use of first and additional languages will
depend on the context, learners, teacher
capability and judgement
need to consider the nature, timing and
frequency of target language use in the
classroom
use of English/first language provides a
basis for deeper cognitive engagement at
times
University of Arm Forces English Methodology Hernandez Oscar
8. THE ROLE OF THE TEACHER IN
INTERACTION
• creating a learning culture
• eliciting learner interpretations
• building on learner contributions
• negotiating meaning
• providing feedback and promoting
reflection
University of Arm Forces English Methodology Hernandez Oscar
9. REAL INTERACTION INVOLVES:
• the teacher to a background, supportive
role
and
• the spontaneous participation of the
rest of the group
University of Arm Forces English Methodology Hernandez Oscar
10. INTERACTION HAPPENS WHEN THE L2:
• direct the dialogue at one another
• comment immediately
• disagree with or challenge
• interrupt one another
• don’t have to be invited to speak
• Use paralinguistic
• speak when there is a short silence are
relaxed as possible
• use the personal pronouns “I” and “you”
University of Arm Forces English Methodology Hernandez Oscar
11. TYPES OF CLASSROOM INTERACTION
• Collaborative Learning
• Discussions and Debates
• Interactive Sessions Conversation with
learners
• Loud Reading
• Story-telling
• Soliloquies
• Role Play
University of Arm Forces English Methodology Hernandez Oscar
12. HOW TO INTERACT IN A CLASSROOM?
University of Arm Forces English Methodology Hernandez Oscar
13. FEEDBACK IS IMPORTANT IN INTERACTION:
• Improving classroom interaction involves continually
assessing your teaching, students learning, and your
relationship with the students. The students have a
relationship with you, with each other, and with the
material. It's important to get feedback about all three of
these relationships.
- Feedback happens on many timescales. How did this go
today? How is the quarter going?
- Try a written mid-quarter evaluation. For example: Ask
which exercise was most helpful? Which was least?
- Use office hours to talk informally about how things are
going
- Have your teaching observed or videotaped. - Make sure
students understand your assignments. Ask if there is
anything else that they need to handle the assignment.
- Make your teaching transparent. Ask the students if
they understand why we are doing this assignment. You
can also use our workbook titled "Creating a Feedback
Questionnaire" to help you come up with additional
methods for generating feedback from your students.
University of Arm Forces English Methodology Hernandez Oscar