Plant propagation and its types

1. MFI FOUNDATION, Inc.

2. PLANT PROPAGATION

3. Plant Propagation
• The process or multiplying or
increasing the number or plants of
the same species and at the same
time perpetuating their desirable
characteristics.

4. Purpose
 To retain the desirable characteristic
of mother plants
 To rapidly increase the number of
plants.
 To shorten the bearing age of plants.
 To prevent the species from being
lost.
 To produce superior strains and
disease resistant plants

5. Methods of Propagation
• Sexual Propagation
• Asexual Propagation

6. Sexual Propagation
 The propagation or reproducing of plants
from seeds.
 Pollen is transferred from the anther to the
stigma.
 Fertilization occurs and seeds are
produced

7. Advantages
• In some fruit plants like papaya, this is the
most popular method of propagation.
• Seed propagated rootstocks are hardy and
develop better root system.

8. Advantages
• Viruses don’t transmit through seeds, thus
mostly the seedlings are free from virus
diseases.
• Occurrence of polyembryony (more than
one embryo in seed) in citrus and mango
leads to the development of uniform
seedlings as in asexual method.

9. Parts of a seed

10. Cotyledon
A cotyledon is part of the embryo within the
seed of a plant. Often when the seed
germinates or begins to grow, the cotyledon
may become the first leaves of the seedling.

12. Seed Coat
The outer layer and the protective covering
of a seed.

13. Radicle
Radicle is the first part of a seedling to
emerge from the seed during the process of
germination. The radicle is the
embryonic root of the plant, and grows
downward in the soil.

14. Epicotyl
The epicotyl is the embryonic shoot above
the cotyledons. In most plants the epicotyl
will eventually develop into the leaves of the
plant.

15. Hypocotyl
The hypocotyl (short for "hypocotyledonous
stem", meaning "below seed leaf") is the
stem of a germinating seedling, found below
the cotyledons (seed leaves) and above
the radicle (root)

16. Planting of seeds
• Planting depth depends on the size of the
seeds.
• The larger the seed, the deeper it is
planted.
• Small seeds should be watered by
bottom soaking.

17. Germination
• Germination rate is the % that sprout.
– Example: 75 out of 100 = 75%
• Rates affected by….
– Seed viability.
– Temperature.
– Moisture.
– Type of plant.
– Quality of seed.

18. Germination percentage
• -is an estimate of the viability of a
population of seeds. The equation to
calculate germination percentage is: GP =
seeds germinated/total seeds x 100.

19. Example
56 is the number of seeds that is germinated
100 is the total number of seeds that is
sowned

20. Asexual Propagation
• In this method of propagation the plants
are obtained from a vegetative portion of
the mother plant instead of seeds.

21. Advantages
• In some fruit plants like banana, which do
not bear seeds, this is the only method of
propagation.
• The plants are generally true-to-type,
uniform in growth, yielding capacity and
fruit quality.

22. Advantages
• Have short juvenile phase, thus come into
bearing earlier than seedling plants.
• Plants have restricted growth, thus cultural
practices and harvesting are easy.

23. Methods of Asexual
Propagation
• There are different methods, which can be
used for commercial multiplication of
various fruit plants, these includes:
• Cutting,
• Layering,
• Budding and;
• Grafting.
• Marcotting

24. Cutting Method
• Detaching portion of the selected motherplant for the
purpose of producing new plants
• The three main types of cuttings are….
– Stem
– Leaf
– Root

25. Stem Cutting
• The taking of a
piece of stem to
reproduce plants.

26. Leaf Cutting
• The use of leaves
and sections of
leaves to reproduce
plants.
• Done from
herbaceous plants.
• Veins must be cut!!!

27. Root Cutting
• The use of roots
to reproduce
plants.
• Should be spaced
3 inches apart in
the rooting area.

28. Layering
• The process of including branch and twig to
produce roots while still attached to the parent
plant
• The rooting of plant parts while they are still
attached to the “parent” plant.
• The types are….
– Air Layering.
– Trench Layering.
– Mound Layering.

29. Air Layering
• Also called Chinese
propagation.
• Area of plant is
girdled and
surrounded by a
moist growing
medium that is
sealed in
polyethylene film.

30. Trench Layering
• Mother plant is bent
to the ground and
buried.
• Plants form at each
node on covered
stem.

31. Mound Layering
• Rooted plant is cut off at
the soil level.
• As the season
progresses, soil is added
to cover the growing
shoots.
• After 1 year, the shoots
are rooted and removed
from the parent plant.

32. Grafting
• Joining separate plant parts together so that
they form a union and grow together to make
one plant.
• Scion
– Piece of plant at the top
of the graft.
• Rootstock
– The piece of the plant at the
root or bottom of the graft.

33. Grafting
• Scion & rootstock are the same size:
– Wedge
– Splice
– Whip & tongue
– Approach

34. Grafting Methods

35. Grafting Methods

36. Procedure

37. Budding
A form of grafting when a bud is used.
Faster or quicker than grafting.
The 3 main methods are….
Patch budding.
T-budding.
Chip budding.

38. Marcotting

39. Tissue Culture
• Must have a sterile
environment.
• Get the most plants in a
short time.
• True to parent plants.