Essays Structure

Essay about Plant Cell
Plant Cell
Plant cells have many different parts that are need to work together and function as a whole. These
parts are the cell membrane which can be compared to a "Condom" due to the fact that is a very thin
protective layer that lets certain substances to pass through. Cell wall is a thicker rougher membrane,
which gives the plant most of its structure and support, the cell wall also bond with other cell walls
to form the structure of the plant. Centrosome may be also referred to as the "Microtubule
organizing center" it's looks like a small body near the nucleus having a dense center and radiating
tubules, here in the centrosome is where the microtubules are made. Chloroplast is a CD shaped
organelle that holds the plants...show more content...
Smoother ER moves newly made proteins and lipids to the Golgi apparatus. Vacuole is a large
membrane–bound space within the plant cell that is filled with fluid, within the fluid often is stored
materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.
Animal Cell The animal cell like the plant cell has many different organelles but each one is need
to work as a whole. Here are the organelles and their functions, Cell membrane is a thin layer of
protection which can be viewed as a "Condom" which is made for a payer of protein and fats, the
membrane allows some substance to pass though but not others. Centrosome is a rather small
organelle located near the nucleus, it has a rather dense center and radiating tubules. Here is where
microtubules are made. Cytoplasm is a jell like material that surrounds the nucleus which is where
the organelles are located. Golgi body is a flat, layered organelles that looks like a stack of
pancakes, it produces the membrane that surround the lysosomes. The Golgi body packages protein
and carbohydrates to be sent out of the cell.
Lysosome also called vesicles sphere shaped organelles surrounded by a membrane, contain digestive
enzymes. This is where the digestion of nutrients takes place. Mitochondrion is a sphere shaped rod
like organelles with two membrane, the mitochondrion converts the
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The Structure Of An Organization Essay
STRUCTURE
The structure of an organization, along with its policies and procedures, has a direct impact on how
an organization operates and how well it will perform. The structure of an organization describes
how a company is organized. This may include roles, responsibilities, authority chains and
relationships. Facilities Management is headed by Vice President Kevin Freeman under the
immediate direction of Assistant Vice President Mark Rodolf. The management team of Facilities
Management includes the Assistant Vice President, the Physical Plant Director and Assistant
Director, an Assistant Director of Facilities Operations, and the Director of Architectural and
Engineering Services. The management group is solely responsible for deriving, articulating,
communicating and implementing the vision and direction of Facilities Management. Three
separate divisions comprise Facilities Management: Architectural and Engineering Services, the
Physical Plant, and the business team. Figure 2 represents the Facilities Management organizational
chart as of November 2016.
Architectural and Engineering Services is a sole entity that employs eight team members. The
Physical Plant is made up of seven different shops: carpentry, electrical, landscaping/turf
management, motor pool, paint, plumbing and recycling/setup. The business team includes material
supply, campus mail, inventory and receiving, as well as the finance team.
The structure of Facilities is four levels deep. A

Atomic Structures And The Atomic Structure Essay
Atomic Structure Timeline Welcome to the atomic structure timeline. This site explores
discoveries related to atomic structure including the electron, proton and neutron. The dates used
for events are open to debate since many scientist 's spent decades studying a topic. Check the
links for more in depth material. Most of all enjoy. Created by Lee Buescher, ScienceDept,
Watertown High School Watertown, Wisconsin 53098 USA Visit these sites for original papers in
chemistry. 1. Selected Classic Papers from the History of Chemistry by Carmen Giunta at Le
Moyne College. 2. John Parks Chem Team site on Classic Papers from the History of Chemistry
Early theories of the structure of matter were not based upon experiments. As scientists began to
study the relationship between several physical phenomenon such as electricity, and magnetism they
began to develop different models about atomic structure. Year Scientist(s) Discovery Greek era
Democritus"by convention bitter, by convention sweet, but in reality atoms and void" 1704Isaac
NewtonProposed a mechanical universe with small solid masses in motion. 1803John
DaltonProposed an "atomic theory" with spherical solid atoms based upon measurable properties of
mass. 1832Michael FaradayStudied the effect of electricity on solutions, coined term "electrolysis"
as a splitting of molecules with electricity, developed laws of electrolysis. Faraday himself was not
a proponent of atomism. 1859 J. Plucker Built

Lewis Structure
Drawing a Lewis Structure
Lewis structure is the structure of a molecule in which dots are used to show the electron position
around the atoms that make up the molecule.
In order to produce the Lewis structure of a molecule, there are certain steps one needs to follow
(they are five (5) in number). Basically what I will do is to use the molecule methane (CH4) as
example to show you how to draw the Lewis structure of any molecule.
First Step
In order to produce the Lewis structure of methane, the first step is to count and determine the total
valence electron present in methane (or any molecule of interest). Methane is made up of carbon
and hydrogen atoms (CH4). The valence of carbon is 4 and that of hydrogen is 1. Since we have four
...show more content...
Checking the octet rule means counting the number of pair electrons around carbon to know if they
are up to eight. If yes, it means that we have our final Lewis structure. If no, it takes is to step five.
Looking at the second figure above, the octet rule is satisfied. This means that the final Lewis
structure of methane is:
Fifth Step
If octet rule is not satisfied, and more electrons remain to be shared, move one electron per bond per
atom to make another bond. An example is given below for CO2 molecule:
(Source: http://www.chem.ucla.edu/harding/lewisdots.html)
Isomer Questions
Isomers in organic chemistry are compounds that have the same molecular formula but with different
structural formulas.
(1) Pentane is isomer. Its molecular formula is: C5H12. Other compounds that have this same
molecular formula are: 2–methylbutane and 2,2–dimethylpropane. These three compounds have
different structural formulas (see below):
(2) 2–methylbutane is an isomer. See above, it is an isomer of Pentane.
(3) 2,3–dimethylbutane is an isomer of hexane. Their molecular formula is: C6H14. Their structural
formulas are shown below:
CH3(CH2)4CH3 for hexane and CH3CH(CH3)CH(CH3)CH3 for 2,3–dimethylbutane.
(4) 2,2–dimethylpropane is an isomer of pentane. See above.
(5) 1–hexene is also an isomer. For further information consult the following site: http:/
/webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=R97406
| |

The Structure Of A Building
Introduction
In several aspects, the structure of a building is vulnerable to failure during the construction
phase. Since buildings are made by humans, using their knowledge, failures are always probable to
happen. These failures may be caused by a single error or a combination of errors. However, the
probability of failure should be predicted and solved by an Engineer of Record during the design of
this building.
Any fail during the construction phase may not involve a construction error. It may be the product
of an error made during design. As engineers, they are responsible to observe the construction as a
complete unit, with all the elements interacting to resist the loads. Failing to consider a load or
combination of loads, connection details and calculation errors are the main cause of accidents,
according to Kenneth (1987). Besides loading, the engineer of record is also responsible for
developing and supervising the construction sequence.
Moreover, according to the code of ethics of ASCE (2010), all engineers need to recognize their
responsibility with the general public, and make their judgments and decisions about structures,
machines and products thinking in their client and target public with the view to avoid collapses
during the construction.
Research studies have concluded that the design aspect of projects has contributed to increase
accidents in the construction. Studies also have proved that besides any calculation, responsible
considerations in the

Essay on Business Structure
Sole Proprietorship A business with one owner who is responsible for all features of the business.
Everything that happens in the company from the daily operation to the legal obligations are
controlled by one individual. Sole Proprietorship Advantages: Convenience – Usually the least costly
to begin. Sole proprietorships are easy to start up. They entail acquiring the proper licenses and
permits. Regulations very from industry, state, and county. There is no administrative configuration.
Control– Owners are permitted to organize the company in the way they prefer. All choices about
how the business will operate are made by the owner. The owner has the choice of hiring someone to
run the company or doing it themselves. ...show more content...
In some states the partnership can continue if it is provided for in the partnership agreement. An
example would be the other partners buying out the share of the partner leaving. The reason for this
is to protect creditors, and maintain liability for the debts of the establishment Control – Issues with
partners may arise as the resulting from misunderstandings or different goals, putting an end to the
partnership. Burden– Formation and subsequent changes in structure are complex. Limited to a
small number of owners. Each partner is legally responsible for the actions of each partner. Unless
you can prove in a court of law that you did not participate, knowingly or unknowingly, in illegal
activities you could be forced to pay fines, penalties or even serve jail time. Limited partnership Like
a partnership a limited partnership has two or more owners. Unlike a general partnership a
partnership agreement is required. The partnership agreement stipulates which partner has what
responsibility and which ones have what authority. Advantages Liability– Limited partnerships have
both general and limited partners. A limited partner has little accountability for the debts incurred by
the partnership. At most the limited partner can only lose the amount they have invested, and cannot
run the business Income taxes – Partnerships do not having to pay both a personal and a business
tax. The

Essay On Business Structure
When brainstorming to start a business, it is essential to research the most efficient way to start a
company and all the liabilities that can happen. Business can become successful with the right
person in place and a unique idea. When making a company, it is crucial to determine the structure,
which organization to start with and the liability that is involved. When taking a closer look at five
different company structures Sole Proprietorship, General Partnership, Limited Partnership, S/C
Corporation, and Limited Liability. Which have not honored the contract and are at risk for legal
actions. The various liabilities between each owner will be discussed. Which will analyze ways to
limit liability and display my future business...show more content...
Now, A partnership is formed between two individuals and the agreement should be in a contract
form or writing. The next two types that are discussed are general partnership and limited
partnership. Silverbrand (2008) stated Partnerships are the primary form of business which larger
companies begin (p.167). Partnerships are simple to start, no required registration only within
certain states, and can end quite rapidly. A general partnership is where each partner is equal to
liability or any litigation consequences. In a limited partnership, the liability is limited equal to the
amount the limited partners at first invested. In fact, sometimes limited partners do not make
business decisions but, own stock within the company. Basically, an LLC, with its hybrid nature,
"provides owners...with the limited liability protection of a corporation, but without the potential
for double taxation" (Jordan & Clark, 1197). The income created from a general partnership of a
business is taxed as income earned by the person working for a different company. When starting a
partnership it is best to discuss the amount of liability that each partner is responsible for. Which,
will help when looking at the type of litigation described.
The most recognized companies are Corporations and LLC's. According to Sonderquist (2000)
Corporations are similar to limited partnerships

Structure and Agency Essay
Structure and agency are two theoretical terms used to explain the capacity at which we as people
are able to be individuals, and to what extent those influences limit our individuality. Structure refers
to the ways in which a society is organized. Agency refers to the behaviors and actions of the
individuals within the social structure. Agency is limited by the structure due to cultural barriers and
inequalities within the structure. In this essay, I will present an overview of why critical theorists
are concerned with those inequalities, and I will further identify the problems within the system
contributing to the unequal access to the public sphere, relating specifically to class and gender
inequalities. Society is highly...show more content...
As Habermas puts it "the relationship of the individual to the state has increasingly become one of
client or consumer services, rather than citizen" (Roberts & Crossley, 5). Due to the limited agency
(citizens' roles) within this sphere, we can conclude that the ongoing competition and negotiation
for a role in the public sphere ends with strictly dominant views. In such a monarchy, ordinary
citizens such as lower classes and women have limited input when debating politics among other
things. The ideal of a place where all opinions are counted, so to speak, fails to provide a sense of
individual identity. This is due to the fact that it is pre–destined by the state itself and then turned
back to the people– telling them what they will think about particular issues; shown especially
through the controlling lens of the media. According to Marx, those who have power over society
exert their control as a result of economic power and therefore determine the dominant ideologies
within the superstructure model. Being the greater economical and cultural barrier, the structure
provides the social world with norms, rules and beliefs pertaining to age, gender, class and one's
cultural identity. Within that structure it becomes apparent that inequalities restrict your agency in
terms of nationality, geographical location, class etc. In agreement with Marx, the dominant views
are generally the views of the superior class; the elite. One example

Describe A Molecule's Structure
One of the key factors affecting a molecule's efficiency within an organism is its individual,
particular structure. A molecule's structure depends on many different components including the
type of molecule and bonding forces present. A molecule's structure is also based on a molecule's
purpose, and a molecule's structure can be paramount to a function performing correctly within a
cell. Since molecules are assigned specific structures they are expected to perform individual tasks
for the body which allow an organism to function properly as a whole. The unique structure of
proteins, water, and nucleic acids is essential to many imperative functions that allow an organisms
to survive and prosper. The distinct structure of proteins, which make up...show more content...
A molecule of water is made up of two hydrogen atoms that are covalently bonded to a single
oxygen atom at an angle or 104.5В°. Due to its intermolecular forces, water is classified as polar
and is known as the "universal solvent" and is able to dissolve other polar substances and acts as
the solvent for several chemicals which are part of important chemical processes. Water's unique
structure also allows it to be less dense in its solid state which allows many aquatic organisms living
within the water to survive in the liquid water beneath the solid ice. Water also has strong surface
tension and a high melting and boiling point which allows water to exist in exceptionally hot
climates as well. One important function maintained by water is waste removal which helps a cell to
function more efficiently. In additional to waste removal, water also transports many important
nutrients to cells and is key in maintaining homeostasis by regulating conditions in order to retain
stability within a cell. Without water many vital processes wouldn't be able to occur, and without
water humans can live no longer than 3 to 5

Essay about Structuralism
Structuralism
Structuralism is a mode of thinking and a method of analysis practiced in 20th–century social
sciences and humanities; it focuses on recurring patterns of thought and behaviour – it seeks to
analyse social relationships in terms of highly abstract relational structures. Structuralism is
distinctly different from that applied to Radcliffe–Brown – it involves more the bio and
psychological aspect of human studies rather than social structures. Claude Levi–Strauss was the one
to pioneer structuralism; he suggested that cultural phenomena such as myths, art, kinship systems
and language display certain ordered patterns or structures. With these, he believed that the structure
of the human mind could be revealed. He reasoned...show more content...
All cultures think in to terms of opposites so as to classify–meaning we must be able to distinguish
between things. For example, life, death; spirit, body; black, white; red, green (stop and go) – these
words alone do not carry much significance; they have a meaning and that's it – basic facts. We take
the words as they are by use of external references from what society acknowledges to it to be. A pen
is not an eraser because society has accepted it to be a pen.
Levi–Strauss argued that culture is to be understood as a surface phenomenon which reveals the
universal human tendency to order and classify experiences and dynamics. He compared people's
language to the 'rules' that govern society, in that the governed are largely unconscious of what they
know. He compared speech – the use of sounds and rules, mainly in the form of sentences to the
ideas and behaviour that result from the application of largely unconscious social rules. Members
of a society are much more likely to be conscious of their actual ideas and behaviours than they are
of the deeply structured rules that make these ideas and behaviours possible, but the ideas and
behaviours of a given group of people, according to Strauss, can only be understood once the "deep"
structures in their minds can be discovered. He says that human responses are largely dissimilar, and
that the surface structure is what will consequently show different

Structure And Function Of Biology Essay
Introduction
Structure and function in Biology is a broad concept that can be explored within a diverse range of
topics across the subject matter. The following essay will be focussed mainly on the subject of
Deoxyribonucleic Acid, or more commonly DNA. DNA is a highly complex, intricate and
extraordinary macromolecule found within all living cells. DNA is a "biochemical noun" and can be
defined as "...a self–replicating material which is present in nearly all living organisms as the main
constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information." [Oxford Dictionary, c2016]
DNA is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, enclosed within a double membrane. Eukaryotic
cells are multifaceted and require a high level of regulation to ensure smooth functioning. The double
membrane of the nucleus allows gene expression, a key function of DNA, to be efficiently regulated.
Furthermore, DNA is found in large quantities within the eukaryotic cell. Human cells alone have
around 1000 times more DNA than typical bacteria [Alberts, c1989, p.23]. DNA, both on its own and
with other molecules, plays a huge role in the making of an organism, from the importance of its
chiral helical structure and its main functions, to the vast vicinity of error and inaccuracy that a
small change to the genomic sequence can cause. It is the foundation upon which an organism is
built and the main contributor to an organisms genotype and phenotype. But what are the
constituents of DNA and can it

Essay about Organizational Structure
Organizational Structure
MGT/230
Chipotle's Organizational Structure
The reporting structure is a very important tool in an organization. This structure is a chart that
serves as a roadmap of management levels and positions. Every business has a chain of command
and it is structured uniquely, depending on the organization. The structure of an organization, if not
built correctly can destroy the organization just like a building with poor architecture. The blueprints
clarify and build a strong foundation in which to grow or build an organization. Chipotle is a
Mexican Grill Restaurant in the fast food industry that started out with one location in Colorado
back in 1993. Today it has just more than 1,400 locations in the United...show more content...
Dividing the organization into divisions based on the geographic region makes it possible for each
region to purchase their ingredients locally and organically. This divisional structure also allows the
company to evaluate and compare the regions.
This divisional structure is very different from that of others. A functional structure is organized into
departments according to the business functions. In this structure each department has its own
expectations and responsibilities, they are not like that of any other department, so the tasks in each
department are different from one another. In this type of structure each department is built with
individuals that have the skills and expertise in relation to that department. All 1,400 plus Chipotle
restaurants are owned by the same corporation. If this was not the case and some stores were
franchised out, then a network structure would need to be created. A network organization looks for
ways for tasks to be completed outside of the organization by outsourcing. A store that agrees to
license contracts and franchises with the company would be responsible for delivering and
completing the goals at the specific location; these business functions include management,
employment, product ordering, etc. Chipotle would be cutting a lot of cost and making money by
contributing little in return. This is the main reason an organization would choose a network type of
structure. The responsible party for the

The Structure Of Eukaryotic Cells
Describe the Structure of Eukaryotic Cells
You can identify a eukaryotic cell by its encased nucleus, containing the majority of its DNA and
organelles surrounded by a membrane. Plant and Animal cells have double membranes and a housed
nucleus therefore they are eukaryotic cells; organisms which do not contain a double membrane and
an encased nucleus are known as prokaryotes, e.g. bacteria. The eukaryotic cell is made up of many
membrane bound organelles which all have a specific function.
Nucleus
The nucleus of a eukaryotic cell holds the majority of the cells DNA material, the nucleus is often
referred to as the 'control centre' of the cell as it uses the DNA to direct all other activities within the
cell.
The nucleus is a round, dense and the largest of the cells organelles, making it the easiest organelle to
identify. The nucleus needs a protective membrane in order to keep the cytoplasm separate from the
genetic material it holds.
One of the main functions of the nucleus is that it is responsible for protein synthesis, which is vital
for the process of life continuing and the production of hereditary characteristics within an organism.
Summary of Protein Synthesis DNA is used indirectly as it must stay complete as a permanent
stockpile of genetic information. Encoded DNA within the nucleus is transported to small molecules
of nucleic acid named messenger RNA (mRNA) mRNA takes the genetic information to ribosomes
free in the

Essay about Organizational Structures
Introduction
McShane and Von Glinow state that "the best organizational structure depends on the organization's
external environment, size, technology, and strategy" (409). To identify the best organizational
structure for ProtegГ© Engineering, I will first determine what 'Organizational Structure' means. In
a second step I will analyze its elements and carve out the important components for the considered
organization. Finally I will provide a conclusion and recommendation. Organizational Structures
In general, organizational structure is related to the way that an organization organizes employees
and jobs, so that its work can be performed and its goals can be met. McShane and Von Glinow
define 'Organizational Structure' in...show more content...
We can admit that informal communication is necessary in no routine and ambiguous situations
because employees can exchange large volume of information through face–to–face communication
and other media–rich channels. Therefore informal communication is important for ProtegГ©
Engineering because their work involve new and novel situations when developing specific solutions
for each client. Even if informal communication is difficult in large firms it can be possible when
keeping each production site small (McShane and Von Glinow 388). Now, that we identified what
organizational structure means, and that informal communication is necessary for ProtegГ©
Engineering, we need some more information of how structures differ from each other. McShane and
Von Glinow state that "every company is configured in terms of four basic elements of
organizational structure"; namely: span of control, centralization, formalization, and
departmentalization (390). Further on, I will explain these four elements and carve out what this
means for ProtegГ© Engineering.
The span of control "refers to the number of people directly reporting to the next level hierarchy"
(McShane and Von Glinow 390). Today's research found out that a wider span of control (many
employee directly reporting to the management) is more appropriate especially for companies with
staff members that coordinate their work mainly through standardized skills and do not

Task 01 1) Discuss different organization structures and identify the type of organizational structure
that do you thinks suitable for your selected organization?
Organizational structure Organizational structure is the way in witch an organization's activities
(job tasks) are divided, organized and coordinated. Organizational structure is the way in which and
work, authority resources of an organization have been divided among members.
Types of organizational structure в–Є Entrepreneurial structure в–Є Bureaucratic structure в–Є
Matrix structure
Entrepreneurial structure
Most organizations start life as an entrepreneurial structure in that...show more content...
A useful example is retail banking or the work of building societies. Here the operations have to be
standardized, not only in all branches of the same bank but also between competing banks, so that
customers find the system easy to deal with. The work of bank clerks and, in a different way, bank
managers requires knowledge, skill and accuracy, but it must be carried out strictly in accordance
with the rules and there is little scope for individuality apart from one's manner in talking with
customers and manual dexterity in counting banknote. Bureaucracy provides scope for economies of
scale and extensive specialization at the expense of flexibility and product innovation. Their
predictability provides a secure environment for the employee and a clear line of safe career
progression.
Chief Executive
The matrix structure
As the entrepreneurial and bureaucratic structures have such obvious drawbacks, a third general
mode has been evolved and used IV some situations: the matrix. The method is simply to overlay a
second set of hierarchical connections over a first, but at right–angles to it. This was first developed
in the American aerospace industry because of government demands for a single project manager
who would be responsible for the progress of each government contract and to whom government
officials could channel all their queries and instruction. Companies

Essay On Protein Structure
In this article, it explains how DNA sequence data that researchers had collected from assorted
environments has helped them create 3–D models of more than 600 protein families for structures
that were previously unknown. This led to predictions that before would not have been possible.
Now, it is possible to use computers to create better models of protein structures. Biologist can now
build accurate models even if they have no template. Because of the discovery that the sequence of
amino acids determines the way a protein folds, scientist have been investigating different ways to
figure a protein's structure from its sequence. Every protein family has at least 1,000 different
proteins in it. The models could cover about over a million of...show more content...
The human genome contains millions of sequences. These sequences are described as "transposable
elements, genetic units that "jump" around the entire genome." These sequences used to be referred
to as "junk DNA" until they were recognized that they were influencing the expression of genes.
Scientists have combined phylogenetics (the study of evolutionary relationships between different
species) with genomics (the study of how the genome of an organism conditions its biology). From
comparing genomes of 203 vertebrates, they traced the first origin of KZFPs back to a common
ancestor of tetrapods (four–legged animals) and coelacanth (a fish that evolved over 400 million
years ago). This helps learn more about its fundamental importance. KZFPs can transform
transposable elements into "fine–tuned regulatory platforms" that influence the expression of genes.
This takes place in stages of development and human tissues. I think that combining phylogenetics
with genomics could help scientist learn and discover more about evolution and how and why
they've changed. This relates to what we learn about because it talks about proteins and stages of
development and human tissues. It also talks about DNA and how generic elements change.
3) Plant cells survive but stop dividing upon DNA damage https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases
/2017/10/171006101817.htm Nara Institute of Science and Technology (No author)
Science Daily
October 6, 2017
In this article, it talks about the cell

Mg/561 Organizational Structure
Date: January 18, 2013
To: MG 561 Class
From: Jessica Rushing
Subject: "Organizational Structure"
Introduction:
Organizational structure provides the framework of an organization determining how roles and
responsibilities are delegated throughout the different levels of the organization. It has been defined
by some as the looking glass through which coworkers see their organization and its surrounding
environment while others have described structure as the backbone of the organization. In this memo,
I will briefly discuss the importance of organizational structure, give examples of some major
organizational structures, and provide factors influencing the choice of organizational structure.
Importance of Organizational...show more content...
For organizations which produce standardized goods and services, a functional service is beneficial.
Within this structure, employees perform very specialized tasks (Naoum, 2001). For example, an
engineering department would be staffed with only software engineers. Divisional structures, also
known as product structures, groups each function into a division. Automobile industries typically
use this divisional structure. Within this industry, divisions may include: SUVs, subcompact cars,
and sedans. Although not discussed in detail in this memo, other organizational structures include:
organizational circle, team, network, lattice, and virtual ("Organizational Structure", 2013).
Factors influencing the choice of Organizational Structure
The following factors can affect the type of structure which an organization may use: strategy,
characteristics, management, operation, and environment. Strategy is the most important factor
influencing type of structure. According to Phillips and Gulley in their book Organizational
Behavior: Tools for Success, higher performance will be achieved if structure and strategy are
directly related). Organizational characteristics include the age and size of the organization. If the
organization is small, there is less need for formal structure as communication

Structures of Proteins Essay
Proteins are polymeric chains that are built from monomers called amino acids. All structural and
functional properties of proteins derive from the chemical properties of the polypeptide chain. There
are four levels of protein structural organization: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. Primary
structure is defined as the linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. The secondary
structure refers to certain regular geometric figures of the chain. Tertiary structure results from
long–range contacts within the chain. The quaternary structure is the organization of protein
subunits, or two or more independent polypeptide chains. The primary structure of a protein is
simply the sequence of amino acids. The structure or...show more content...
There may also be sections where the secondary structure is neither helix nor sheet. Then the
structure is called a random structure, indicating that it folds in random directions. The amino acids
in an alpha helix are arranged in a right–handed helical structure resembling a spring. The alpha helix
is the most common form of regular secondary structure in proteins. The beta–sheet is the second
form of regular secondary structure in proteins consisting of beta strands connected laterally by three
or more hydrogen bonds, forming a generally twisted, pleated sheet. The beta–sheet is sometimes
called the beta pleated sheet since sequential neighboring atoms are alternately above and below the
plane of the sheet giving a pleated appearance. Turns are the third of the three "classical" secondary
structures that serve to reverse the direction of the polypeptide chain. They are located primarily on
the protein surface and accordingly contain polar and charged residues. However, they are not very
common in discussions of protein structure today.
The tertiary structure of a protein molecule, or of a subunit of a protein molecule, is the arrangement
of all its atoms in space, without regard to its relationship with neighboring molecules or subunits.
Tertiary structure is simply the grouping of different separate secondary structures, such as multiple
helices or multiple sheets or a combination of helices and sheets.
The final structure of the protein is the quaternary

1.2
At least two different organizational structures are identified, described, and compared in terms of
their design principles.
Ans: –
1.Organisational Structure – It is a structure which is used to elaborate ranking in an organisation. It
is also define as an organizational structure which defines how activities such as task portion,
division and guidance are directed towards the achievement of organizational purposes.
2. There are different types of organisational structures. Two of them are Organic and Mechanistic.
Organic – An organic organisation is a kind of casual association represented by English scholars
Tom burns and George Stalker. As indicated by Blazes and Stalker, a natural association is one that
is especially changeable and has the capacity adjust well to changes. Its structure is special as having
little employment activity, few layers of administration, decentralized choice making and very little
direct supervision.
Mechanistic – A mechanistic organisation is an idea grew by English scholars Tom Burns and G.M.
Stalker in their work titled "the management of innovation" (1961). As indicated by them, qualities
of a mechanistic organisation mix a high level of learned many–sided quality, solution and
concentration.
3. Differentiation between Organic and Mechanistic structures
MechanisticOrganic
Individual specialization:
In this, employees mostly works separately on one taskJoint Specialization:
In this , employees

Organizational Structure Essay
Introduction In this paper we will be talking about organizational structure and cultures, and what
strategies Ken Dailey will have to consider as he starts building on the team concept in the company.
We will also talk about how to keep Green River moving forward in the facility and organizing the
planning to make them successful.
Organizational Structure Organizational structure is a formal relationship between management and
the employees. It is a way to motivate the employees and get them to working. It is also away to
get employees to follow the company goals, and work together as a team. To make an organization
work they need to have an organized structure to be able to run the company. The mission...show
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There has been many company failures do to taking to change the organizational culture. This is
because of miscommunication on how the changes will affect the values the company wants.
Strategic values are just as important as the mission statement and vision of the company. Ken
Dailey will have to keep this in mind if he is determined to make the team concept work in his
plant. We all know that he will not be able to make a mirror image of Aberdeen at the Green River
plant. But there are a lot of things that can be done to make his company a team concept place.
And with the new plants that are getting built he will be able to mirror Aberdeen as these will be
new, where as Green River has been opened for a long time. So he will have the new companies to
look forward to making in to team concept plants.
Recommendations
Ken Dailey will have to have strategies to consider as he works on building intergroup relationship.
1.He will have to develop communications better than what the plant how's now, to get through to
the union and employees.
2.He will need to communicate to them all as to how the restructuring will be done so that they all
understand. They will need to know how this will affect the jobs they are doing.
3.After getting the communication going hopefully that employees will be motivated and
encouraged to get some input about this processes.
4.Diversity and

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