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Nicolae Sfetcu
Nicolae Sfetcu

A guide for game preview and rules: history, definitions, classification, theory, video game consoles, cheating, links, etc. While many different subdivisions have been proposed, anthropologists classify games under three major headings, and have drawn some conclusions as to the social bases that each sort of game requires. They divide games broadly into, games of pure skill, such as hopscotch and target shooting; games of pure strategy, such as checkers, go, or tic-tac-toe; and games of chance, such as craps and snakes and ladders. A guide for game preview and rules: history, definitions, classification, theory, video game consoles, cheating, links, etc.

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Game Preview Nicolae Sfetcu Published by Nicolae Sfetcu © 2021 Nicolae Sfetcu
NICOLAE SFETCU: GAME PREVIEW 2 The book is made by organizing Telework articles (main sources: my own articles, Wikipedia under the CC BY-SA 3.0 license adapted by Nicolae Sfetcu, and other sources). Text license: CC BY-SA 3.0 The information in this book (licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License) is from 2006 and has not been updated. DISCLAIMER: The author and publisher are providing this book and its contents on an “as is” basis and make no representations or warranties of any kind with respect to this book or its contents. The author and publisher disclaim all such representations and warranties for a particular purpose. In addition, the author and publisher do not represent or warrant that the information accessible via this book is accurate, complete or current. Except as specifically stated in this book, neither the author or publisher, nor any authors, contributors, or other representatives will be liable for damages arising out of or in connection with the use of this book. This is a comprehensive limitation of liability that applies to all damages of any kind, including (without limitation) compensatory; direct, indirect or consequential damages, including for third parties. You understand that this book is not intended as a substitute for consultation with a licensed, educational, legal or finance professional. Before you use it in any way, you will consult a licensed professional to ensure that you are doing what’s best for your situation. This book provides content related to educational topics. As such, use of this book implies your acceptance of this disclaimer. online guide for game preview and rules: history, definitions, classification, theory, video game consoles, cheating, links, etc. A game is an (often, but not always recreational) activity involving one or more players. This can be defined by either a goal that the players try to reach, or some set of rules that determines what the players can or cannot do. Games are played primarily for entertainment or enjoyment, but may also serve as exercise or in an educational, simulational or psychological role.
NICOLAE SFETCU: GAME PREVIEW 3 Contents Game Preview..................................................................................................................................................1 Game Preview............................................................................................................................................... 34 Games .............................................................................................................................................................. 35 Definition.............................................................................................................................................. 35 Games in philosophy........................................................................................................................ 35 Anthropology of games................................................................................................................... 36 One-person games ............................................................................................................................ 37 Types of games................................................................................................................................... 37 See also.................................................................................................................................................. 38 References............................................................................................................................................ 39 Game Semantics...................................................................................................................................... 39 Intuitionistic logic, denotational semantics, linear logic ................................................... 39 Quantifiers............................................................................................................................................ 39 Articles................................................................................................................................................... 40 Books...................................................................................................................................................... 40 Game Mechanic....................................................................................................................................... 40 Game play mechanics....................................................................................................................... 40 Victory condition mechanics......................................................................................................... 43 Gameplay vs. Game_mechanic.html in video games............................................................ 45 Artistic Computer Game Modification ........................................................................................... 45 Techniques........................................................................................................................................... 45 Artists..................................................................................................................................................... 46 Timeline ................................................................................................................................................ 47 Theorists............................................................................................................................................... 47 See also.................................................................................................................................................. 47 Game Artists............................................................................................................................................. 48 Computer and video games........................................................................................................... 48 Toys ............................................................................................................................................................. 48 Toys by culture................................................................................................................................... 49 Examples............................................................................................................................................... 49
NICOLAE SFETCU: GAME PREVIEW 4 See also.................................................................................................................................................. 50 Gameplay................................................................................................................................................... 51 Gameplay vs. Game_mechanic.html in video games............................................................ 51 Score............................................................................................................................................................ 51 Sport....................................................................................................................................................... 51 Video Games........................................................................................................................................ 52 High Score................................................................................................................................................. 52 History................................................................................................................................................... 52 High score in culture........................................................................................................................ 53 Game Players ........................................................................................................................................... 53 Players in competition..................................................................................................................... 54 Number of players ............................................................................................................................ 54 Virtual Communities............................................................................................................................. 54 Benchmark Virtual Communities................................................................................................ 55 Additional Virtual Community Listings.................................................................................... 55 Virtual Community Pioneers and Experts............................................................................... 56 See Also ................................................................................................................................................. 56 Clan.............................................................................................................................................................. 56 Clans by Structure............................................................................................................................. 57 Clans by game genre......................................................................................................................... 58 Organization........................................................................................................................................ 59 Game Manufacturers............................................................................................................................. 60 Freeware Games..................................................................................................................................... 60 Games..................................................................................................................................................... 60 Commercial games released as freeware................................................................................. 62 Games no longer allowed to be distributed ............................................................................ 63 See also.................................................................................................................................................. 63 Free Game Software.............................................................................................................................. 63 List of free game software.............................................................................................................. 63 A ............................................................................................................................................................... 63 B ............................................................................................................................................................... 64 C................................................................................................................................................................ 64 D............................................................................................................................................................... 64
NICOLAE SFETCU: GAME PREVIEW 5 E................................................................................................................................................................ 65 F................................................................................................................................................................ 65 G ............................................................................................................................................................... 65 I................................................................................................................................................................. 65 K ............................................................................................................................................................... 65 L................................................................................................................................................................ 65 N............................................................................................................................................................... 65 O............................................................................................................................................................... 66 P................................................................................................................................................................ 66 R ............................................................................................................................................................... 66 S................................................................................................................................................................ 66 T ............................................................................................................................................................... 66 U............................................................................................................................................................... 67 V ............................................................................................................................................................... 67 W.............................................................................................................................................................. 67 X................................................................................................................................................................ 67 Freely Downloadable Game Software............................................................................................ 67 List of free, open-source games................................................................................................... 68 Freeware games................................................................................................................................. 70 Commercial games released as freeware................................................................................. 72 Games which used to be freeware but can no longer be distributed............................ 73 See also.................................................................................................................................................. 73 Game Classification.................................................................................................................................... 74 Challenge/skill Games.......................................................................................................................... 75 Games of Skill........................................................................................................................................... 75 See also.................................................................................................................................................. 76 Board Games............................................................................................................................................ 76 History................................................................................................................................................... 76 Luck, strategy and diplomacy....................................................................................................... 78 Common terminology...................................................................................................................... 78 References............................................................................................................................................ 79 See also.................................................................................................................................................. 79 Abstract Strategy Games..................................................................................................................... 80
NICOLAE SFETCU: GAME PREVIEW 6 The "No Chance" Criterion............................................................................................................. 80 List of Abstract Strategy games ................................................................................................... 80 List of Board Games .............................................................................................................................. 82 Two-player abstract strategy games ......................................................................................... 83 Two-player games of chance ........................................................................................................ 85 Multi-player elimination games................................................................................................... 85 European race games....................................................................................................................... 85 Multiplayer games without elimination................................................................................... 86 Children's games................................................................................................................................ 90 Generic game sets.............................................................................................................................. 91 Card Games............................................................................................................................................... 91 Seating of players .............................................................................................................................. 91 The pack or deck................................................................................................................................ 91 The deal................................................................................................................................................. 91 The rules ............................................................................................................................................... 93 Types of card games......................................................................................................................... 94 See also.................................................................................................................................................. 98 Trick Taking Games............................................................................................................................... 98 Essential building-block: The trick............................................................................................. 98 Variations in trick-taking games ................................................................................................. 99 See also................................................................................................................................................101 List of Trick-taking Games................................................................................................................102 Collectible Card Games ......................................................................................................................103 Gameplay............................................................................................................................................103 Distribution........................................................................................................................................104 Patent...................................................................................................................................................104 References..........................................................................................................................................105 See also................................................................................................................................................105 List of Collectible Card Games.........................................................................................................105 2006 Releases...................................................................................................................................106 2005 Releases...................................................................................................................................106 2004 Releases...................................................................................................................................107 2003 Releases...................................................................................................................................107
NICOLAE SFETCU: GAME PREVIEW 7 2002 Releases...................................................................................................................................107 2001 Releases...................................................................................................................................108 2000 Releases...................................................................................................................................108 1999 Releases...................................................................................................................................109 1998 Releases...................................................................................................................................109 1997 Releases...................................................................................................................................109 1996 Releases...................................................................................................................................109 1995 Releases...................................................................................................................................110 1994 Releases...................................................................................................................................111 1993 Releases...................................................................................................................................111 Digital/Online CCGs........................................................................................................................111 Playing Cards .........................................................................................................................................112 History.................................................................................................................................................112 Playing cards today.........................................................................................................................116 Reference............................................................................................................................................119 Card magicians and gambling authorities .............................................................................119 See also................................................................................................................................................120 Educational Games..............................................................................................................................120 Letter Games..........................................................................................................................................121 See also................................................................................................................................................121 Mental-skill Games ..............................................................................................................................121 List of mental games ......................................................................................................................121 Play-by-mail Games.............................................................................................................................122 Postal gaming....................................................................................................................................123 Internet play-by-mail.....................................................................................................................124 Puzzle Games.........................................................................................................................................124 Well known puzzles........................................................................................................................124 See also................................................................................................................................................125 References..........................................................................................................................................125 Guessing Games....................................................................................................................................125 Pencil and Paper Games ....................................................................................................................126 List of Paper and Pencil games...................................................................................................126 Word Games...........................................................................................................................................126
NICOLAE SFETCU: GAME PREVIEW 8 See also................................................................................................................................................127 Online Skill-based Games..................................................................................................................127 Online Multiplayer Games ................................................................................................................129 Games of Physical Skill.......................................................................................................................129 Examples of games of physical skill .........................................................................................129 See also................................................................................................................................................130 Games of Chance...................................................................................................................................130 See also................................................................................................................................................130 Gambling..................................................................................................................................................130 Legal aspects .....................................................................................................................................131 Psychological aspects.....................................................................................................................132 Types of gambling...........................................................................................................................132 Staking systems................................................................................................................................137 List of notable wagers....................................................................................................................138 Associated word usage..................................................................................................................138 See also................................................................................................................................................139 Bibliography......................................................................................................................................139 Sports Betting........................................................................................................................................139 Types of bets .....................................................................................................................................140 Bookmaking.......................................................................................................................................142 Betting scandals...............................................................................................................................143 See also................................................................................................................................................145 Dice Games..............................................................................................................................................145 Scrabble ...................................................................................................................................................146 History.................................................................................................................................................146 Game details......................................................................................................................................147 Club and tournament play ...........................................................................................................151 Strategy and tactics ........................................................................................................................151 Computer players............................................................................................................................153 Records................................................................................................................................................153 Works detailing tournament Scrabble....................................................................................154 References in literature, television, and film........................................................................155 Casino Games.........................................................................................................................................156
NICOLAE SFETCU: GAME PREVIEW 9 Casino .......................................................................................................................................................157 See also................................................................................................................................................158 Online Casino.........................................................................................................................................158 Casino types.......................................................................................................................................158 Games offered...................................................................................................................................159 Bonuses...............................................................................................................................................159 Rogues .................................................................................................................................................160 Player fraud .......................................................................................................................................160 See also................................................................................................................................................160 Lottery......................................................................................................................................................160 Countries with a national lottery ..............................................................................................160 Probability of winning...................................................................................................................164 Payment of prizes............................................................................................................................164 Scams and Frauds............................................................................................................................165 See also................................................................................................................................................165 Bingo .........................................................................................................................................................165 Description of the game................................................................................................................165 Bingo Cards........................................................................................................................................166 Culture.................................................................................................................................................166 History.................................................................................................................................................166 The business of bingo ....................................................................................................................167 Caller slang (UK Housie)...............................................................................................................167 Trivia....................................................................................................................................................169 Alternate variations........................................................................................................................169 Keno...........................................................................................................................................................169 History.................................................................................................................................................170 Modern keno.....................................................................................................................................170 Slot Machines.........................................................................................................................................171 History.................................................................................................................................................171 Description.........................................................................................................................................172 Terminology......................................................................................................................................173 Pay Table ............................................................................................................................................174 Technology.........................................................................................................................................174
NICOLAE SFETCU: GAME PREVIEW 10 American slot machines................................................................................................................175 Australian slot machines..............................................................................................................176 European slot machines................................................................................................................177 Japanese slot machines.................................................................................................................178 Myths debunked ..............................................................................................................................178 Addiction ............................................................................................................................................179 Trivia....................................................................................................................................................179 Spinning Top..........................................................................................................................................179 Types of top.......................................................................................................................................180 Piñata........................................................................................................................................................181 Other meanings................................................................................................................................181 Games of Strategy ................................................................................................................................182 See also................................................................................................................................................182 Mastermind ............................................................................................................................................182 Solving the game..............................................................................................................................184 Simulation Games ................................................................................................................................184 Overview.............................................................................................................................................184 Genres..................................................................................................................................................185 Computer and video games.........................................................................................................186 See also................................................................................................................................................187 Nation-simulation Games .................................................................................................................187 Scale......................................................................................................................................................187 Genres..................................................................................................................................................188 See also................................................................................................................................................188 Space Simulation..................................................................................................................................189 The Collapse of the Space-sim Genre.......................................................................................189 The Future of the Genre................................................................................................................190 List of realistic space simulations.............................................................................................190 List of "space sim" computer games ........................................................................................190 Equipment...............................................................................................................................................191 Sport..........................................................................................................................................................191 History of sport ................................................................................................................................192 A classification of sports...............................................................................................................192
NICOLAE SFETCU: GAME PREVIEW 11 Sportsmanship..................................................................................................................................193 Professionalism and the regulation of sport.........................................................................193 Sport and politics.............................................................................................................................194 Art and sport.....................................................................................................................................194 The terms 'sport' and 'sports'.....................................................................................................195 Recommended reading.................................................................................................................195 Ball Games...............................................................................................................................................195 One-person Games...............................................................................................................................197 Arcade Games........................................................................................................................................197 History.................................................................................................................................................197 Technology.........................................................................................................................................198 Emulation...........................................................................................................................................198 Locations.............................................................................................................................................199 Game design ......................................................................................................................................199 See also................................................................................................................................................199 Golden Age of Arcade Games...........................................................................................................199 Overview.............................................................................................................................................200 Business ..............................................................................................................................................200 Technology.........................................................................................................................................200 Gameplay............................................................................................................................................201 Most popular games.......................................................................................................................202 The end of the era............................................................................................................................202 Legacy..................................................................................................................................................203 Further reading................................................................................................................................203 See also................................................................................................................................................204 Timeline of Arcade Game History..................................................................................................204 1971......................................................................................................................................................204 1972......................................................................................................................................................204 1975......................................................................................................................................................204 1976......................................................................................................................................................205 1981......................................................................................................................................................205 1982......................................................................................................................................................205 1983......................................................................................................................................................205
NICOLAE SFETCU: GAME PREVIEW 12 1986......................................................................................................................................................205 1988......................................................................................................................................................205 1989......................................................................................................................................................206 1992......................................................................................................................................................206 1993......................................................................................................................................................206 1994......................................................................................................................................................206 1999......................................................................................................................................................206 Redemption Games .............................................................................................................................206 Video Arcade..........................................................................................................................................207 Types of games.................................................................................................................................207 Popularity...........................................................................................................................................208 See also................................................................................................................................................209 Arcade Cabinet......................................................................................................................................209 Parts of an arcade cabinet............................................................................................................209 Types of cabinets.............................................................................................................................210 Restoration ........................................................................................................................................211 Scratch built.......................................................................................................................................213 References..........................................................................................................................................213 See also................................................................................................................................................213 List of Arcade Games...........................................................................................................................213 0-9 .........................................................................................................................................................214 A .............................................................................................................................................................214 B .............................................................................................................................................................218 C..............................................................................................................................................................224 D.............................................................................................................................................................225 E..............................................................................................................................................................226 F..............................................................................................................................................................226 G .............................................................................................................................................................227 H.............................................................................................................................................................228 I...............................................................................................................................................................228 J...............................................................................................................................................................229 K .............................................................................................................................................................230 L..............................................................................................................................................................230
NICOLAE SFETCU: GAME PREVIEW 13 M ............................................................................................................................................................230 N.............................................................................................................................................................231 O.............................................................................................................................................................232 P..............................................................................................................................................................232 Q.............................................................................................................................................................233 R .............................................................................................................................................................233 S..............................................................................................................................................................234 T .............................................................................................................................................................236 U.............................................................................................................................................................237 V .............................................................................................................................................................237 W............................................................................................................................................................237 X..............................................................................................................................................................238 Y..............................................................................................................................................................238 Z..............................................................................................................................................................238 Computer and Video Games.............................................................................................................239 History.................................................................................................................................................240 Gameplay............................................................................................................................................240 Genres..................................................................................................................................................241 Gaming platforms............................................................................................................................241 Popularity...........................................................................................................................................243 Development.....................................................................................................................................246 Naming ................................................................................................................................................247 History of Computer and Video Games .......................................................................................247 The 1950s...........................................................................................................................................247 The 1960s...........................................................................................................................................248 The 1970s...........................................................................................................................................248 The 1980s...........................................................................................................................................253 The 1990s...........................................................................................................................................257 The 2000s...........................................................................................................................................261 References..........................................................................................................................................262 See also................................................................................................................................................263 History of Video Games (Pre-crash Systems) ...........................................................................264 The first home video games (1972-1977).............................................................................264
NICOLAE SFETCU: GAME PREVIEW 14 Early 8-bit home consoles (1977-1983) ................................................................................264 Early handheld game consoles...................................................................................................265 The first home video game systems.........................................................................................265 Early cartridge-based 8-bit systems........................................................................................266 Handheld Consoles .........................................................................................................................266 Video game franchises established during this time.........................................................266 Video Game Crash of 1983 ...............................................................................................................266 Causes ..................................................................................................................................................267 Long-term impact on the industry............................................................................................270 Notes.....................................................................................................................................................271 References..........................................................................................................................................271 History of Video Games (8-bit Era)...............................................................................................272 Consoles of the 8-bit era...............................................................................................................272 Video game franchises established during this time.........................................................273 History of Video Games (16-bit Era) ............................................................................................273 The beginning...................................................................................................................................273 The "console war" ...........................................................................................................................274 Add-ons...............................................................................................................................................274 European importing.......................................................................................................................275 The rise of franchises.....................................................................................................................276 In the end............................................................................................................................................276 Consoles of the 16-bit era ............................................................................................................277 Video game franchises established during the 16-bit era...............................................277 See also................................................................................................................................................278 History of Video Games (32-bit Era) ............................................................................................278 'New school' gaming.......................................................................................................................278 System wars.......................................................................................................................................279 CD vs Cartridge.................................................................................................................................280 Consoles of the 32-bit / 64-bit era............................................................................................281 Video game franchises established ..........................................................................................282 Milestone titles.................................................................................................................................283 See also................................................................................................................................................284 History of Video Games (Seventh Generation Era).................................................................284
NICOLAE SFETCU: GAME PREVIEW 15 The HD era .........................................................................................................................................284 Video game systems.......................................................................................................................284 History of Video Games (Sixth Generation Era).......................................................................285 Video game handhelds ..................................................................................................................285 Emu and Retro gaming..................................................................................................................287 Video game systems.......................................................................................................................287 Video games.......................................................................................................................................288 References..........................................................................................................................................290 PC Games.................................................................................................................................................290 Overview.............................................................................................................................................290 History.................................................................................................................................................291 PC Game Development..................................................................................................................292 Distribution media and marketing...........................................................................................293 Popular and notable genres of PC gaming.............................................................................295 Characteristics unique to PC gaming.......................................................................................296 Computer gaming hardware.......................................................................................................297 Cultural impact.................................................................................................................................299 Adventure Games.................................................................................................................................299 History.................................................................................................................................................300 Types of adventure games...........................................................................................................304 Modern adventure games ............................................................................................................307 Common features ............................................................................................................................308 Notable adventure games ............................................................................................................308 References..........................................................................................................................................309 See also................................................................................................................................................309 Action-adventure Games...................................................................................................................310 Amateur Adventure Games..............................................................................................................310 History.................................................................................................................................................310 List of popular engines..................................................................................................................311 See also................................................................................................................................................311 Fughting Games ....................................................................................................................................311 Scrolling fighting game..................................................................................................................312 Versus fighting game......................................................................................................................313
NICOLAE SFETCU: GAME PREVIEW 16 Tactical Shooter....................................................................................................................................315 First-person Shooter...........................................................................................................................315 History.................................................................................................................................................319 Controversy.......................................................................................................................................324 List of notable titles and development houses ....................................................................325 Selected important games in FPS development..................................................................327 See also................................................................................................................................................329 Third-person Shooter.........................................................................................................................329 Rail Shooter............................................................................................................................................329 Traditional Rail Shooter Games.................................................................................................330 Light-Gun Games .............................................................................................................................330 Counter-Strike.......................................................................................................................................331 Gameplay............................................................................................................................................331 History.................................................................................................................................................333 Map types ...........................................................................................................................................335 Player models ...................................................................................................................................335 Culture.................................................................................................................................................336 Mods and scripts..............................................................................................................................336 See also................................................................................................................................................337 God Games ..............................................................................................................................................337 Maze ..........................................................................................................................................................338 Solving mazes ...................................................................................................................................338 Generating Mazes............................................................................................................................340 Mazes open to the public..............................................................................................................340 Maze by Christopher Manson.....................................................................................................341 Mazes in science experiments....................................................................................................341 Other types of mazes......................................................................................................................341 Further reading................................................................................................................................342 Computer Board Games.....................................................................................................................342 Internet Games......................................................................................................................................342 Earlier in PC Gaming ......................................................................................................................342 Beginning of the Modern Online PC Gaming.........................................................................342 Timeline ..............................................................................................................................................343
NICOLAE SFETCU: GAME PREVIEW 17 Computer Role-playing Games .......................................................................................................344 Overview.............................................................................................................................................344 History.................................................................................................................................................346 Modern games..................................................................................................................................347 Cultural differences ........................................................................................................................347 Shared characteristics...................................................................................................................349 Relationship to pen-and-paper RPGs ......................................................................................350 Variant terminology .......................................................................................................................351 Chronology of CRPGs .....................................................................................................................351 List of companies.............................................................................................................................354 Related genres..................................................................................................................................355 Shooter Games ......................................................................................................................................355 Perspective.........................................................................................................................................355 Realism................................................................................................................................................355 Number of characters....................................................................................................................356 Focus ....................................................................................................................................................356 Shoot 'em up......................................................................................................................................356 Rail Shooter .......................................................................................................................................356 Run-and-Gun Shooter....................................................................................................................356 Light-gun games...............................................................................................................................357 Hybrid..................................................................................................................................................357 Multiplayer.........................................................................................................................................357 Browser Games.....................................................................................................................................357 Plugins Used......................................................................................................................................357 Server-Side Games..........................................................................................................................358 See also................................................................................................................................................358 List of Browser Games .......................................................................................................................358 Real-time Strategy ...............................................................................................................................360 Brief History......................................................................................................................................360 Gameplay............................................................................................................................................360 Micro-management games ..........................................................................................................361 Macro-management games .........................................................................................................361 Others...................................................................................................................................................362
NICOLAE SFETCU: GAME PREVIEW 18 Graphics ..............................................................................................................................................362 Future games.....................................................................................................................................363 MUDs.........................................................................................................................................................363 History.................................................................................................................................................364 Variations on MUDs........................................................................................................................366 See also................................................................................................................................................367 MMOGs.....................................................................................................................................................367 Overview and history.....................................................................................................................367 Comparing MMOG's to other computer games....................................................................368 Types of MMOG's.............................................................................................................................370 MMORPGs................................................................................................................................................371 History.................................................................................................................................................372 Academic attention.........................................................................................................................374 Amateur development...................................................................................................................374 Browser-based MMORPGs...........................................................................................................375 MUD......................................................................................................................................................376 Genre challenges..............................................................................................................................376 See also................................................................................................................................................377 References..........................................................................................................................................377 List of MMORPGs..................................................................................................................................378 By graphics.........................................................................................................................................378 Free to Play........................................................................................................................................381 Science fiction...................................................................................................................................382 Comic book setting..........................................................................................................................383 Cartoon setting.................................................................................................................................383 Historical ............................................................................................................................................383 Modern setting .................................................................................................................................383 Text .......................................................................................................................................................383 See also................................................................................................................................................383 MMOFPSs.................................................................................................................................................384 About....................................................................................................................................................384 MMOFPS Games...............................................................................................................................384 See also................................................................................................................................................384
NICOLAE SFETCU: GAME PREVIEW 19 MMORTSs................................................................................................................................................385 Platform Games.....................................................................................................................................385 History.................................................................................................................................................386 Chronology of significant platform games.............................................................................388 Computer Puzzle Games....................................................................................................................390 Tetris....................................................................................................................................................390 See also................................................................................................................................................390 List of Computer Puzzle Games......................................................................................................391 Visual matching................................................................................................................................391 Maze/obstacle course navigation .............................................................................................392 Hidden object....................................................................................................................................392 Single character control................................................................................................................392 Multiple character control...........................................................................................................392 Multiple puzzle types.....................................................................................................................393 Collections..........................................................................................................................................393 Other.....................................................................................................................................................393 See also................................................................................................................................................393 Dating Simulations...............................................................................................................................393 Technical definition........................................................................................................................393 Characteristics..................................................................................................................................394 Popular dating sims........................................................................................................................394 Halo............................................................................................................................................................394 Video games.......................................................................................................................................395 Future Video Game Releases.......................................................................................................396 Possible influences..........................................................................................................................397 Other.....................................................................................................................................................400 Interactive Fiction................................................................................................................................402 The medium of interactive fiction.............................................................................................403 History.................................................................................................................................................404 Notable works of interactive fiction ........................................................................................406 Sample transcript............................................................................................................................406 Interactive fiction development systems...............................................................................407 See also................................................................................................................................................408
NICOLAE SFETCU: GAME PREVIEW 20 Alternative definitions...................................................................................................................408 Music Video Games..............................................................................................................................408 NanaOn-Sha.......................................................................................................................................408 BEMANI (née Konami g.m.d)......................................................................................................409 Harmonix............................................................................................................................................409 United Game Artists/Q Entertainment...................................................................................410 Racing Games.........................................................................................................................................411 Simulation style racing games....................................................................................................412 Semi-simulation style racing games ........................................................................................412 Arcade style racing games ...........................................................................................................413 Futuristic racers...............................................................................................................................413 Kart racers..........................................................................................................................................413 Arcade racing games time line...................................................................................................413 Roguelike.................................................................................................................................................414 Overview.............................................................................................................................................414 Roguelike Family Tree...................................................................................................................416 List of popular roguelikes (and other descendents of Rogue).......................................416 Serious Games .......................................................................................................................................417 Overview.............................................................................................................................................418 Development.....................................................................................................................................418 List of serious games......................................................................................................................419 Serious game developers..............................................................................................................420 Shoot 'em Up..........................................................................................................................................420 Types of Arcade Shooters/Shmups..........................................................................................420 Styles of Arcade Shooters/Shmups..........................................................................................422 Non-Arcade Style Shooters/"Action-Shooters"/Other Shooters..................................422 Turn-based Games...............................................................................................................................423 Types....................................................................................................................................................423 Examples.............................................................................................................................................423 Console Games ......................................................................................................................................424 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................425 Console and display........................................................................................................................425 Limitations.........................................................................................................................................426
NICOLAE SFETCU: GAME PREVIEW 21 Ratings & Censorship.....................................................................................................................426 Other information ...........................................................................................................................427 Critics of video games....................................................................................................................427 See also................................................................................................................................................428 Video Game Consoles..........................................................................................................................428 Seventh Generation Consoles.....................................................................................................429 Sixth Generation Consoles ...........................................................................................................429 See also................................................................................................................................................429 Books....................................................................................................................................................429 List of Video Game Consoles............................................................................................................429 16-bit era (1989-1995).................................................................................................................430 The first home video games/pre-crash of '77 (1972-1977) ..........................................432 See also................................................................................................................................................432 Game Boy.................................................................................................................................................432 History.................................................................................................................................................432 Versions...............................................................................................................................................433 Accessories.........................................................................................................................................436 Cartridges...........................................................................................................................................438 Popularity...........................................................................................................................................439 Popular culture.................................................................................................................................439 Emulation...........................................................................................................................................439 See also................................................................................................................................................439 Game Boy Advance..............................................................................................................................440 Hardware............................................................................................................................................441 Models..................................................................................................................................................443 Accessories.........................................................................................................................................444 Sales And Marketing.......................................................................................................................445 Games...................................................................................................................................................445 See also................................................................................................................................................445 Game Boy Advance SP........................................................................................................................446 Changes ...............................................................................................................................................446 Backlit model ....................................................................................................................................447 Criticism..............................................................................................................................................448
NICOLAE SFETCU: GAME PREVIEW 22 See also................................................................................................................................................448 Game Boy micro....................................................................................................................................448 Design and specifications.............................................................................................................449 Packaging............................................................................................................................................450 Release and Sales.............................................................................................................................451 Reaction ..............................................................................................................................................451 References..........................................................................................................................................452 Gizmondo ................................................................................................................................................453 Releases...............................................................................................................................................453 Functionality and specifications................................................................................................454 Competition.......................................................................................................................................454 Controversy.......................................................................................................................................455 See also................................................................................................................................................455 Nintendo..................................................................................................................................................455 History.................................................................................................................................................457 Other consoles..................................................................................................................................463 Handheld consoles..........................................................................................................................465 Other hardware................................................................................................................................467 Policies.................................................................................................................................................467 Community.........................................................................................................................................470 People ..................................................................................................................................................470 Notable software and franchises...............................................................................................471 Divisions .............................................................................................................................................472 Arcade games released by Nintendo........................................................................................474 Anime...................................................................................................................................................475 Nintendo offices and locations...................................................................................................475 Unauthorized Brand Use in the Philippines..........................................................................475 See also................................................................................................................................................475 Nintendo GameCube...........................................................................................................................476 Launch titles......................................................................................................................................476 Overview.............................................................................................................................................477 Software library...............................................................................................................................479 Hardware specifications...............................................................................................................482
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Game Preview

  • 1.
  • 2. Game Preview Nicolae Sfetcu Published by Nicolae Sfetcu © 2021 Nicolae Sfetcu
  • 3. NICOLAE SFETCU: GAME PREVIEW 2 The book is made by organizing Telework articles (main sources: my own articles, Wikipedia under the CC BY-SA 3.0 license adapted by Nicolae Sfetcu, and other sources). Text license: CC BY-SA 3.0 The information in this book (licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License) is from 2006 and has not been updated. DISCLAIMER: The author and publisher are providing this book and its contents on an “as is” basis and make no representations or warranties of any kind with respect to this book or its contents. The author and publisher disclaim all such representations and warranties for a particular purpose. In addition, the author and publisher do not represent or warrant that the information accessible via this book is accurate, complete or current. Except as specifically stated in this book, neither the author or publisher, nor any authors, contributors, or other representatives will be liable for damages arising out of or in connection with the use of this book. This is a comprehensive limitation of liability that applies to all damages of any kind, including (without limitation) compensatory; direct, indirect or consequential damages, including for third parties. You understand that this book is not intended as a substitute for consultation with a licensed, educational, legal or finance professional. Before you use it in any way, you will consult a licensed professional to ensure that you are doing what’s best for your situation. This book provides content related to educational topics. As such, use of this book implies your acceptance of this disclaimer. online guide for game preview and rules: history, definitions, classification, theory, video game consoles, cheating, links, etc. A game is an (often, but not always recreational) activity involving one or more players. This can be defined by either a goal that the players try to reach, or some set of rules that determines what the players can or cannot do. Games are played primarily for entertainment or enjoyment, but may also serve as exercise or in an educational, simulational or psychological role.
  • 4. NICOLAE SFETCU: GAME PREVIEW 3 Contents Game Preview..................................................................................................................................................1 Game Preview............................................................................................................................................... 34 Games .............................................................................................................................................................. 35 Definition.............................................................................................................................................. 35 Games in philosophy........................................................................................................................ 35 Anthropology of games................................................................................................................... 36 One-person games ............................................................................................................................ 37 Types of games................................................................................................................................... 37 See also.................................................................................................................................................. 38 References............................................................................................................................................ 39 Game Semantics...................................................................................................................................... 39 Intuitionistic logic, denotational semantics, linear logic ................................................... 39 Quantifiers............................................................................................................................................ 39 Articles................................................................................................................................................... 40 Books...................................................................................................................................................... 40 Game Mechanic....................................................................................................................................... 40 Game play mechanics....................................................................................................................... 40 Victory condition mechanics......................................................................................................... 43 Gameplay vs. Game_mechanic.html in video games............................................................ 45 Artistic Computer Game Modification ........................................................................................... 45 Techniques........................................................................................................................................... 45 Artists..................................................................................................................................................... 46 Timeline ................................................................................................................................................ 47 Theorists............................................................................................................................................... 47 See also.................................................................................................................................................. 47 Game Artists............................................................................................................................................. 48 Computer and video games........................................................................................................... 48 Toys ............................................................................................................................................................. 48 Toys by culture................................................................................................................................... 49 Examples............................................................................................................................................... 49
  • 5. NICOLAE SFETCU: GAME PREVIEW 4 See also.................................................................................................................................................. 50 Gameplay................................................................................................................................................... 51 Gameplay vs. Game_mechanic.html in video games............................................................ 51 Score............................................................................................................................................................ 51 Sport....................................................................................................................................................... 51 Video Games........................................................................................................................................ 52 High Score................................................................................................................................................. 52 History................................................................................................................................................... 52 High score in culture........................................................................................................................ 53 Game Players ........................................................................................................................................... 53 Players in competition..................................................................................................................... 54 Number of players ............................................................................................................................ 54 Virtual Communities............................................................................................................................. 54 Benchmark Virtual Communities................................................................................................ 55 Additional Virtual Community Listings.................................................................................... 55 Virtual Community Pioneers and Experts............................................................................... 56 See Also ................................................................................................................................................. 56 Clan.............................................................................................................................................................. 56 Clans by Structure............................................................................................................................. 57 Clans by game genre......................................................................................................................... 58 Organization........................................................................................................................................ 59 Game Manufacturers............................................................................................................................. 60 Freeware Games..................................................................................................................................... 60 Games..................................................................................................................................................... 60 Commercial games released as freeware................................................................................. 62 Games no longer allowed to be distributed ............................................................................ 63 See also.................................................................................................................................................. 63 Free Game Software.............................................................................................................................. 63 List of free game software.............................................................................................................. 63 A ............................................................................................................................................................... 63 B ............................................................................................................................................................... 64 C................................................................................................................................................................ 64 D............................................................................................................................................................... 64
  • 6. NICOLAE SFETCU: GAME PREVIEW 5 E................................................................................................................................................................ 65 F................................................................................................................................................................ 65 G ............................................................................................................................................................... 65 I................................................................................................................................................................. 65 K ............................................................................................................................................................... 65 L................................................................................................................................................................ 65 N............................................................................................................................................................... 65 O............................................................................................................................................................... 66 P................................................................................................................................................................ 66 R ............................................................................................................................................................... 66 S................................................................................................................................................................ 66 T ............................................................................................................................................................... 66 U............................................................................................................................................................... 67 V ............................................................................................................................................................... 67 W.............................................................................................................................................................. 67 X................................................................................................................................................................ 67 Freely Downloadable Game Software............................................................................................ 67 List of free, open-source games................................................................................................... 68 Freeware games................................................................................................................................. 70 Commercial games released as freeware................................................................................. 72 Games which used to be freeware but can no longer be distributed............................ 73 See also.................................................................................................................................................. 73 Game Classification.................................................................................................................................... 74 Challenge/skill Games.......................................................................................................................... 75 Games of Skill........................................................................................................................................... 75 See also.................................................................................................................................................. 76 Board Games............................................................................................................................................ 76 History................................................................................................................................................... 76 Luck, strategy and diplomacy....................................................................................................... 78 Common terminology...................................................................................................................... 78 References............................................................................................................................................ 79 See also.................................................................................................................................................. 79 Abstract Strategy Games..................................................................................................................... 80
  • 7. NICOLAE SFETCU: GAME PREVIEW 6 The "No Chance" Criterion............................................................................................................. 80 List of Abstract Strategy games ................................................................................................... 80 List of Board Games .............................................................................................................................. 82 Two-player abstract strategy games ......................................................................................... 83 Two-player games of chance ........................................................................................................ 85 Multi-player elimination games................................................................................................... 85 European race games....................................................................................................................... 85 Multiplayer games without elimination................................................................................... 86 Children's games................................................................................................................................ 90 Generic game sets.............................................................................................................................. 91 Card Games............................................................................................................................................... 91 Seating of players .............................................................................................................................. 91 The pack or deck................................................................................................................................ 91 The deal................................................................................................................................................. 91 The rules ............................................................................................................................................... 93 Types of card games......................................................................................................................... 94 See also.................................................................................................................................................. 98 Trick Taking Games............................................................................................................................... 98 Essential building-block: The trick............................................................................................. 98 Variations in trick-taking games ................................................................................................. 99 See also................................................................................................................................................101 List of Trick-taking Games................................................................................................................102 Collectible Card Games ......................................................................................................................103 Gameplay............................................................................................................................................103 Distribution........................................................................................................................................104 Patent...................................................................................................................................................104 References..........................................................................................................................................105 See also................................................................................................................................................105 List of Collectible Card Games.........................................................................................................105 2006 Releases...................................................................................................................................106 2005 Releases...................................................................................................................................106 2004 Releases...................................................................................................................................107 2003 Releases...................................................................................................................................107
  • 8. NICOLAE SFETCU: GAME PREVIEW 7 2002 Releases...................................................................................................................................107 2001 Releases...................................................................................................................................108 2000 Releases...................................................................................................................................108 1999 Releases...................................................................................................................................109 1998 Releases...................................................................................................................................109 1997 Releases...................................................................................................................................109 1996 Releases...................................................................................................................................109 1995 Releases...................................................................................................................................110 1994 Releases...................................................................................................................................111 1993 Releases...................................................................................................................................111 Digital/Online CCGs........................................................................................................................111 Playing Cards .........................................................................................................................................112 History.................................................................................................................................................112 Playing cards today.........................................................................................................................116 Reference............................................................................................................................................119 Card magicians and gambling authorities .............................................................................119 See also................................................................................................................................................120 Educational Games..............................................................................................................................120 Letter Games..........................................................................................................................................121 See also................................................................................................................................................121 Mental-skill Games ..............................................................................................................................121 List of mental games ......................................................................................................................121 Play-by-mail Games.............................................................................................................................122 Postal gaming....................................................................................................................................123 Internet play-by-mail.....................................................................................................................124 Puzzle Games.........................................................................................................................................124 Well known puzzles........................................................................................................................124 See also................................................................................................................................................125 References..........................................................................................................................................125 Guessing Games....................................................................................................................................125 Pencil and Paper Games ....................................................................................................................126 List of Paper and Pencil games...................................................................................................126 Word Games...........................................................................................................................................126
  • 9. NICOLAE SFETCU: GAME PREVIEW 8 See also................................................................................................................................................127 Online Skill-based Games..................................................................................................................127 Online Multiplayer Games ................................................................................................................129 Games of Physical Skill.......................................................................................................................129 Examples of games of physical skill .........................................................................................129 See also................................................................................................................................................130 Games of Chance...................................................................................................................................130 See also................................................................................................................................................130 Gambling..................................................................................................................................................130 Legal aspects .....................................................................................................................................131 Psychological aspects.....................................................................................................................132 Types of gambling...........................................................................................................................132 Staking systems................................................................................................................................137 List of notable wagers....................................................................................................................138 Associated word usage..................................................................................................................138 See also................................................................................................................................................139 Bibliography......................................................................................................................................139 Sports Betting........................................................................................................................................139 Types of bets .....................................................................................................................................140 Bookmaking.......................................................................................................................................142 Betting scandals...............................................................................................................................143 See also................................................................................................................................................145 Dice Games..............................................................................................................................................145 Scrabble ...................................................................................................................................................146 History.................................................................................................................................................146 Game details......................................................................................................................................147 Club and tournament play ...........................................................................................................151 Strategy and tactics ........................................................................................................................151 Computer players............................................................................................................................153 Records................................................................................................................................................153 Works detailing tournament Scrabble....................................................................................154 References in literature, television, and film........................................................................155 Casino Games.........................................................................................................................................156
  • 10. NICOLAE SFETCU: GAME PREVIEW 9 Casino .......................................................................................................................................................157 See also................................................................................................................................................158 Online Casino.........................................................................................................................................158 Casino types.......................................................................................................................................158 Games offered...................................................................................................................................159 Bonuses...............................................................................................................................................159 Rogues .................................................................................................................................................160 Player fraud .......................................................................................................................................160 See also................................................................................................................................................160 Lottery......................................................................................................................................................160 Countries with a national lottery ..............................................................................................160 Probability of winning...................................................................................................................164 Payment of prizes............................................................................................................................164 Scams and Frauds............................................................................................................................165 See also................................................................................................................................................165 Bingo .........................................................................................................................................................165 Description of the game................................................................................................................165 Bingo Cards........................................................................................................................................166 Culture.................................................................................................................................................166 History.................................................................................................................................................166 The business of bingo ....................................................................................................................167 Caller slang (UK Housie)...............................................................................................................167 Trivia....................................................................................................................................................169 Alternate variations........................................................................................................................169 Keno...........................................................................................................................................................169 History.................................................................................................................................................170 Modern keno.....................................................................................................................................170 Slot Machines.........................................................................................................................................171 History.................................................................................................................................................171 Description.........................................................................................................................................172 Terminology......................................................................................................................................173 Pay Table ............................................................................................................................................174 Technology.........................................................................................................................................174
  • 11. NICOLAE SFETCU: GAME PREVIEW 10 American slot machines................................................................................................................175 Australian slot machines..............................................................................................................176 European slot machines................................................................................................................177 Japanese slot machines.................................................................................................................178 Myths debunked ..............................................................................................................................178 Addiction ............................................................................................................................................179 Trivia....................................................................................................................................................179 Spinning Top..........................................................................................................................................179 Types of top.......................................................................................................................................180 Piñata........................................................................................................................................................181 Other meanings................................................................................................................................181 Games of Strategy ................................................................................................................................182 See also................................................................................................................................................182 Mastermind ............................................................................................................................................182 Solving the game..............................................................................................................................184 Simulation Games ................................................................................................................................184 Overview.............................................................................................................................................184 Genres..................................................................................................................................................185 Computer and video games.........................................................................................................186 See also................................................................................................................................................187 Nation-simulation Games .................................................................................................................187 Scale......................................................................................................................................................187 Genres..................................................................................................................................................188 See also................................................................................................................................................188 Space Simulation..................................................................................................................................189 The Collapse of the Space-sim Genre.......................................................................................189 The Future of the Genre................................................................................................................190 List of realistic space simulations.............................................................................................190 List of "space sim" computer games ........................................................................................190 Equipment...............................................................................................................................................191 Sport..........................................................................................................................................................191 History of sport ................................................................................................................................192 A classification of sports...............................................................................................................192
  • 12. NICOLAE SFETCU: GAME PREVIEW 11 Sportsmanship..................................................................................................................................193 Professionalism and the regulation of sport.........................................................................193 Sport and politics.............................................................................................................................194 Art and sport.....................................................................................................................................194 The terms 'sport' and 'sports'.....................................................................................................195 Recommended reading.................................................................................................................195 Ball Games...............................................................................................................................................195 One-person Games...............................................................................................................................197 Arcade Games........................................................................................................................................197 History.................................................................................................................................................197 Technology.........................................................................................................................................198 Emulation...........................................................................................................................................198 Locations.............................................................................................................................................199 Game design ......................................................................................................................................199 See also................................................................................................................................................199 Golden Age of Arcade Games...........................................................................................................199 Overview.............................................................................................................................................200 Business ..............................................................................................................................................200 Technology.........................................................................................................................................200 Gameplay............................................................................................................................................201 Most popular games.......................................................................................................................202 The end of the era............................................................................................................................202 Legacy..................................................................................................................................................203 Further reading................................................................................................................................203 See also................................................................................................................................................204 Timeline of Arcade Game History..................................................................................................204 1971......................................................................................................................................................204 1972......................................................................................................................................................204 1975......................................................................................................................................................204 1976......................................................................................................................................................205 1981......................................................................................................................................................205 1982......................................................................................................................................................205 1983......................................................................................................................................................205
  • 13. NICOLAE SFETCU: GAME PREVIEW 12 1986......................................................................................................................................................205 1988......................................................................................................................................................205 1989......................................................................................................................................................206 1992......................................................................................................................................................206 1993......................................................................................................................................................206 1994......................................................................................................................................................206 1999......................................................................................................................................................206 Redemption Games .............................................................................................................................206 Video Arcade..........................................................................................................................................207 Types of games.................................................................................................................................207 Popularity...........................................................................................................................................208 See also................................................................................................................................................209 Arcade Cabinet......................................................................................................................................209 Parts of an arcade cabinet............................................................................................................209 Types of cabinets.............................................................................................................................210 Restoration ........................................................................................................................................211 Scratch built.......................................................................................................................................213 References..........................................................................................................................................213 See also................................................................................................................................................213 List of Arcade Games...........................................................................................................................213 0-9 .........................................................................................................................................................214 A .............................................................................................................................................................214 B .............................................................................................................................................................218 C..............................................................................................................................................................224 D.............................................................................................................................................................225 E..............................................................................................................................................................226 F..............................................................................................................................................................226 G .............................................................................................................................................................227 H.............................................................................................................................................................228 I...............................................................................................................................................................228 J...............................................................................................................................................................229 K .............................................................................................................................................................230 L..............................................................................................................................................................230
  • 14. NICOLAE SFETCU: GAME PREVIEW 13 M ............................................................................................................................................................230 N.............................................................................................................................................................231 O.............................................................................................................................................................232 P..............................................................................................................................................................232 Q.............................................................................................................................................................233 R .............................................................................................................................................................233 S..............................................................................................................................................................234 T .............................................................................................................................................................236 U.............................................................................................................................................................237 V .............................................................................................................................................................237 W............................................................................................................................................................237 X..............................................................................................................................................................238 Y..............................................................................................................................................................238 Z..............................................................................................................................................................238 Computer and Video Games.............................................................................................................239 History.................................................................................................................................................240 Gameplay............................................................................................................................................240 Genres..................................................................................................................................................241 Gaming platforms............................................................................................................................241 Popularity...........................................................................................................................................243 Development.....................................................................................................................................246 Naming ................................................................................................................................................247 History of Computer and Video Games .......................................................................................247 The 1950s...........................................................................................................................................247 The 1960s...........................................................................................................................................248 The 1970s...........................................................................................................................................248 The 1980s...........................................................................................................................................253 The 1990s...........................................................................................................................................257 The 2000s...........................................................................................................................................261 References..........................................................................................................................................262 See also................................................................................................................................................263 History of Video Games (Pre-crash Systems) ...........................................................................264 The first home video games (1972-1977).............................................................................264
  • 15. NICOLAE SFETCU: GAME PREVIEW 14 Early 8-bit home consoles (1977-1983) ................................................................................264 Early handheld game consoles...................................................................................................265 The first home video game systems.........................................................................................265 Early cartridge-based 8-bit systems........................................................................................266 Handheld Consoles .........................................................................................................................266 Video game franchises established during this time.........................................................266 Video Game Crash of 1983 ...............................................................................................................266 Causes ..................................................................................................................................................267 Long-term impact on the industry............................................................................................270 Notes.....................................................................................................................................................271 References..........................................................................................................................................271 History of Video Games (8-bit Era)...............................................................................................272 Consoles of the 8-bit era...............................................................................................................272 Video game franchises established during this time.........................................................273 History of Video Games (16-bit Era) ............................................................................................273 The beginning...................................................................................................................................273 The "console war" ...........................................................................................................................274 Add-ons...............................................................................................................................................274 European importing.......................................................................................................................275 The rise of franchises.....................................................................................................................276 In the end............................................................................................................................................276 Consoles of the 16-bit era ............................................................................................................277 Video game franchises established during the 16-bit era...............................................277 See also................................................................................................................................................278 History of Video Games (32-bit Era) ............................................................................................278 'New school' gaming.......................................................................................................................278 System wars.......................................................................................................................................279 CD vs Cartridge.................................................................................................................................280 Consoles of the 32-bit / 64-bit era............................................................................................281 Video game franchises established ..........................................................................................282 Milestone titles.................................................................................................................................283 See also................................................................................................................................................284 History of Video Games (Seventh Generation Era).................................................................284
  • 16. NICOLAE SFETCU: GAME PREVIEW 15 The HD era .........................................................................................................................................284 Video game systems.......................................................................................................................284 History of Video Games (Sixth Generation Era).......................................................................285 Video game handhelds ..................................................................................................................285 Emu and Retro gaming..................................................................................................................287 Video game systems.......................................................................................................................287 Video games.......................................................................................................................................288 References..........................................................................................................................................290 PC Games.................................................................................................................................................290 Overview.............................................................................................................................................290 History.................................................................................................................................................291 PC Game Development..................................................................................................................292 Distribution media and marketing...........................................................................................293 Popular and notable genres of PC gaming.............................................................................295 Characteristics unique to PC gaming.......................................................................................296 Computer gaming hardware.......................................................................................................297 Cultural impact.................................................................................................................................299 Adventure Games.................................................................................................................................299 History.................................................................................................................................................300 Types of adventure games...........................................................................................................304 Modern adventure games ............................................................................................................307 Common features ............................................................................................................................308 Notable adventure games ............................................................................................................308 References..........................................................................................................................................309 See also................................................................................................................................................309 Action-adventure Games...................................................................................................................310 Amateur Adventure Games..............................................................................................................310 History.................................................................................................................................................310 List of popular engines..................................................................................................................311 See also................................................................................................................................................311 Fughting Games ....................................................................................................................................311 Scrolling fighting game..................................................................................................................312 Versus fighting game......................................................................................................................313
  • 17. NICOLAE SFETCU: GAME PREVIEW 16 Tactical Shooter....................................................................................................................................315 First-person Shooter...........................................................................................................................315 History.................................................................................................................................................319 Controversy.......................................................................................................................................324 List of notable titles and development houses ....................................................................325 Selected important games in FPS development..................................................................327 See also................................................................................................................................................329 Third-person Shooter.........................................................................................................................329 Rail Shooter............................................................................................................................................329 Traditional Rail Shooter Games.................................................................................................330 Light-Gun Games .............................................................................................................................330 Counter-Strike.......................................................................................................................................331 Gameplay............................................................................................................................................331 History.................................................................................................................................................333 Map types ...........................................................................................................................................335 Player models ...................................................................................................................................335 Culture.................................................................................................................................................336 Mods and scripts..............................................................................................................................336 See also................................................................................................................................................337 God Games ..............................................................................................................................................337 Maze ..........................................................................................................................................................338 Solving mazes ...................................................................................................................................338 Generating Mazes............................................................................................................................340 Mazes open to the public..............................................................................................................340 Maze by Christopher Manson.....................................................................................................341 Mazes in science experiments....................................................................................................341 Other types of mazes......................................................................................................................341 Further reading................................................................................................................................342 Computer Board Games.....................................................................................................................342 Internet Games......................................................................................................................................342 Earlier in PC Gaming ......................................................................................................................342 Beginning of the Modern Online PC Gaming.........................................................................342 Timeline ..............................................................................................................................................343
  • 18. NICOLAE SFETCU: GAME PREVIEW 17 Computer Role-playing Games .......................................................................................................344 Overview.............................................................................................................................................344 History.................................................................................................................................................346 Modern games..................................................................................................................................347 Cultural differences ........................................................................................................................347 Shared characteristics...................................................................................................................349 Relationship to pen-and-paper RPGs ......................................................................................350 Variant terminology .......................................................................................................................351 Chronology of CRPGs .....................................................................................................................351 List of companies.............................................................................................................................354 Related genres..................................................................................................................................355 Shooter Games ......................................................................................................................................355 Perspective.........................................................................................................................................355 Realism................................................................................................................................................355 Number of characters....................................................................................................................356 Focus ....................................................................................................................................................356 Shoot 'em up......................................................................................................................................356 Rail Shooter .......................................................................................................................................356 Run-and-Gun Shooter....................................................................................................................356 Light-gun games...............................................................................................................................357 Hybrid..................................................................................................................................................357 Multiplayer.........................................................................................................................................357 Browser Games.....................................................................................................................................357 Plugins Used......................................................................................................................................357 Server-Side Games..........................................................................................................................358 See also................................................................................................................................................358 List of Browser Games .......................................................................................................................358 Real-time Strategy ...............................................................................................................................360 Brief History......................................................................................................................................360 Gameplay............................................................................................................................................360 Micro-management games ..........................................................................................................361 Macro-management games .........................................................................................................361 Others...................................................................................................................................................362
  • 19. NICOLAE SFETCU: GAME PREVIEW 18 Graphics ..............................................................................................................................................362 Future games.....................................................................................................................................363 MUDs.........................................................................................................................................................363 History.................................................................................................................................................364 Variations on MUDs........................................................................................................................366 See also................................................................................................................................................367 MMOGs.....................................................................................................................................................367 Overview and history.....................................................................................................................367 Comparing MMOG's to other computer games....................................................................368 Types of MMOG's.............................................................................................................................370 MMORPGs................................................................................................................................................371 History.................................................................................................................................................372 Academic attention.........................................................................................................................374 Amateur development...................................................................................................................374 Browser-based MMORPGs...........................................................................................................375 MUD......................................................................................................................................................376 Genre challenges..............................................................................................................................376 See also................................................................................................................................................377 References..........................................................................................................................................377 List of MMORPGs..................................................................................................................................378 By graphics.........................................................................................................................................378 Free to Play........................................................................................................................................381 Science fiction...................................................................................................................................382 Comic book setting..........................................................................................................................383 Cartoon setting.................................................................................................................................383 Historical ............................................................................................................................................383 Modern setting .................................................................................................................................383 Text .......................................................................................................................................................383 See also................................................................................................................................................383 MMOFPSs.................................................................................................................................................384 About....................................................................................................................................................384 MMOFPS Games...............................................................................................................................384 See also................................................................................................................................................384
  • 20. NICOLAE SFETCU: GAME PREVIEW 19 MMORTSs................................................................................................................................................385 Platform Games.....................................................................................................................................385 History.................................................................................................................................................386 Chronology of significant platform games.............................................................................388 Computer Puzzle Games....................................................................................................................390 Tetris....................................................................................................................................................390 See also................................................................................................................................................390 List of Computer Puzzle Games......................................................................................................391 Visual matching................................................................................................................................391 Maze/obstacle course navigation .............................................................................................392 Hidden object....................................................................................................................................392 Single character control................................................................................................................392 Multiple character control...........................................................................................................392 Multiple puzzle types.....................................................................................................................393 Collections..........................................................................................................................................393 Other.....................................................................................................................................................393 See also................................................................................................................................................393 Dating Simulations...............................................................................................................................393 Technical definition........................................................................................................................393 Characteristics..................................................................................................................................394 Popular dating sims........................................................................................................................394 Halo............................................................................................................................................................394 Video games.......................................................................................................................................395 Future Video Game Releases.......................................................................................................396 Possible influences..........................................................................................................................397 Other.....................................................................................................................................................400 Interactive Fiction................................................................................................................................402 The medium of interactive fiction.............................................................................................403 History.................................................................................................................................................404 Notable works of interactive fiction ........................................................................................406 Sample transcript............................................................................................................................406 Interactive fiction development systems...............................................................................407 See also................................................................................................................................................408
  • 21. NICOLAE SFETCU: GAME PREVIEW 20 Alternative definitions...................................................................................................................408 Music Video Games..............................................................................................................................408 NanaOn-Sha.......................................................................................................................................408 BEMANI (née Konami g.m.d)......................................................................................................409 Harmonix............................................................................................................................................409 United Game Artists/Q Entertainment...................................................................................410 Racing Games.........................................................................................................................................411 Simulation style racing games....................................................................................................412 Semi-simulation style racing games ........................................................................................412 Arcade style racing games ...........................................................................................................413 Futuristic racers...............................................................................................................................413 Kart racers..........................................................................................................................................413 Arcade racing games time line...................................................................................................413 Roguelike.................................................................................................................................................414 Overview.............................................................................................................................................414 Roguelike Family Tree...................................................................................................................416 List of popular roguelikes (and other descendents of Rogue).......................................416 Serious Games .......................................................................................................................................417 Overview.............................................................................................................................................418 Development.....................................................................................................................................418 List of serious games......................................................................................................................419 Serious game developers..............................................................................................................420 Shoot 'em Up..........................................................................................................................................420 Types of Arcade Shooters/Shmups..........................................................................................420 Styles of Arcade Shooters/Shmups..........................................................................................422 Non-Arcade Style Shooters/"Action-Shooters"/Other Shooters..................................422 Turn-based Games...............................................................................................................................423 Types....................................................................................................................................................423 Examples.............................................................................................................................................423 Console Games ......................................................................................................................................424 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................425 Console and display........................................................................................................................425 Limitations.........................................................................................................................................426
  • 22. NICOLAE SFETCU: GAME PREVIEW 21 Ratings & Censorship.....................................................................................................................426 Other information ...........................................................................................................................427 Critics of video games....................................................................................................................427 See also................................................................................................................................................428 Video Game Consoles..........................................................................................................................428 Seventh Generation Consoles.....................................................................................................429 Sixth Generation Consoles ...........................................................................................................429 See also................................................................................................................................................429 Books....................................................................................................................................................429 List of Video Game Consoles............................................................................................................429 16-bit era (1989-1995).................................................................................................................430 The first home video games/pre-crash of '77 (1972-1977) ..........................................432 See also................................................................................................................................................432 Game Boy.................................................................................................................................................432 History.................................................................................................................................................432 Versions...............................................................................................................................................433 Accessories.........................................................................................................................................436 Cartridges...........................................................................................................................................438 Popularity...........................................................................................................................................439 Popular culture.................................................................................................................................439 Emulation...........................................................................................................................................439 See also................................................................................................................................................439 Game Boy Advance..............................................................................................................................440 Hardware............................................................................................................................................441 Models..................................................................................................................................................443 Accessories.........................................................................................................................................444 Sales And Marketing.......................................................................................................................445 Games...................................................................................................................................................445 See also................................................................................................................................................445 Game Boy Advance SP........................................................................................................................446 Changes ...............................................................................................................................................446 Backlit model ....................................................................................................................................447 Criticism..............................................................................................................................................448
  • 23. NICOLAE SFETCU: GAME PREVIEW 22 See also................................................................................................................................................448 Game Boy micro....................................................................................................................................448 Design and specifications.............................................................................................................449 Packaging............................................................................................................................................450 Release and Sales.............................................................................................................................451 Reaction ..............................................................................................................................................451 References..........................................................................................................................................452 Gizmondo ................................................................................................................................................453 Releases...............................................................................................................................................453 Functionality and specifications................................................................................................454 Competition.......................................................................................................................................454 Controversy.......................................................................................................................................455 See also................................................................................................................................................455 Nintendo..................................................................................................................................................455 History.................................................................................................................................................457 Other consoles..................................................................................................................................463 Handheld consoles..........................................................................................................................465 Other hardware................................................................................................................................467 Policies.................................................................................................................................................467 Community.........................................................................................................................................470 People ..................................................................................................................................................470 Notable software and franchises...............................................................................................471 Divisions .............................................................................................................................................472 Arcade games released by Nintendo........................................................................................474 Anime...................................................................................................................................................475 Nintendo offices and locations...................................................................................................475 Unauthorized Brand Use in the Philippines..........................................................................475 See also................................................................................................................................................475 Nintendo GameCube...........................................................................................................................476 Launch titles......................................................................................................................................476 Overview.............................................................................................................................................477 Software library...............................................................................................................................479 Hardware specifications...............................................................................................................482