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How to Prevent Your Kubernetes Cluster
From Being Hacked
ContainerDay Security 2023
Nico Meisenzahl
• Head of DevOps Consulting & Operations
at white duck
• Microsoft MVP, GitLab Hero
• Cloud Native, Kubernetes & Azure
© white duck GmbH 2023
Email: nico.meisenzahl@whiteduck.de
Twitter: @nmeisenzahl
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/nicomeisenzahl
Blog: https://meisenzahl.org
Why do we need to care about security?
https://www.redhat.com/en/resources/state-kubernetes-security-report
© white duck GmbH 2023
It can be quite simple …
• you don't think so?
• check out my “Hijack Kubernetes” talk
• https://github.com/nmeisenzahl/hijack-kubernetes
• recordings on Youtube
© white duck GmbH 2023
Security quick wins through the DevOps cycle
© white duck GmbH 2023
You should think about
• rely on best practices and quick wins to get started
• ensure secure application & deployment code
• build secure container images
• implement Kubernetes policies
• introduce Kubernetes network policies
• many more …
© white duck GmbH 2023
Things we will focus on today
• build secure images with Wolfi
• image verification with Cosign
• container runtime security with Tetragon
© white duck GmbH 2023
Build secure images with Wolfi
• “the first Linux (Un)distro designed for securing the
software supply chain”
• Undistro what? à Distroless v2
• provides a high-quality, build-time SBOM as standard for
all packages
• packages (based on apk) are designed to be independent
• fully declarative and reproducible build system
© white duck GmbH 2023
Demo: Wolfi in Action
• we will build a Wolfi as base image
• compare against others (size, vulnerabilities)
• then build an image declarative and reproducible with
apok & melange
• more details
• https://edu.chainguard.dev/open-source/wolfi
• https://github.com/wolfi-dev
• https://github.com/chainguard-dev/melange
• https://github.com/chainguard-dev/apko
• https://github.com/chainguard-images/images/tree/main/images/node
© white duck GmbH 2023
Image verification with Cosign
• “Cosign signs OCI containers using Sigstore”
• integrated with K8s policies Cosign allows validating the
source of images
• verifying third-party images
• signing and validating your own images
• integrations are available with OPA Gatekeeper and
Kyverno
© white duck GmbH 2023
Demo: Cosign and Kyverno in Action
• we will deploy a policy
• then run signed and unsigned images
• more details
• https://kyverno.io
• https://github.com/sigstore/cosign
• https://www.sigstore.dev
© white duck GmbH 2023
Container Runtime Security with Tetragon
• “eBPF-based Security Observability and Runtime
Enforcement”
• gives you awareness into your cluster
• without that you won't know what is going on
• alerts you on malicious events and workloads
• real-time enforcement
© white duck GmbH 2023
Demo: Tetragon in Action
• we will inject into a Pod via Log4Shell
• then observe the process execution
• and finally block it
• more details
• https://github.com/cilium/tetragon
• don’t miss the workshops later today!
© white duck GmbH 2023
Questions?
• Slides
• https://www.slideshare.net/nmeisenzahl
• Demo
• https://github.com/nmeisenzahl/prevent-your-k8s-from-being-hacked
© white duck GmbH 2023
Email: nico.meisenzahl@whiteduck.de
Twitter: @nmeisenzahl
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/nicomeisenzahl
Blog: https://meisenzahl.org

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Container Day Security: How to Prevent Your Kubernetes Cluster From Being Hacked

  • 1. How to Prevent Your Kubernetes Cluster From Being Hacked ContainerDay Security 2023
  • 2. Nico Meisenzahl • Head of DevOps Consulting & Operations at white duck • Microsoft MVP, GitLab Hero • Cloud Native, Kubernetes & Azure © white duck GmbH 2023 Email: nico.meisenzahl@whiteduck.de Twitter: @nmeisenzahl LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/nicomeisenzahl Blog: https://meisenzahl.org
  • 3. Why do we need to care about security? https://www.redhat.com/en/resources/state-kubernetes-security-report © white duck GmbH 2023
  • 4. It can be quite simple … • you don't think so? • check out my “Hijack Kubernetes” talk • https://github.com/nmeisenzahl/hijack-kubernetes • recordings on Youtube © white duck GmbH 2023
  • 5. Security quick wins through the DevOps cycle © white duck GmbH 2023
  • 6. You should think about • rely on best practices and quick wins to get started • ensure secure application & deployment code • build secure container images • implement Kubernetes policies • introduce Kubernetes network policies • many more … © white duck GmbH 2023
  • 7. Things we will focus on today • build secure images with Wolfi • image verification with Cosign • container runtime security with Tetragon © white duck GmbH 2023
  • 8. Build secure images with Wolfi • “the first Linux (Un)distro designed for securing the software supply chain” • Undistro what? à Distroless v2 • provides a high-quality, build-time SBOM as standard for all packages • packages (based on apk) are designed to be independent • fully declarative and reproducible build system © white duck GmbH 2023
  • 9. Demo: Wolfi in Action • we will build a Wolfi as base image • compare against others (size, vulnerabilities) • then build an image declarative and reproducible with apok & melange • more details • https://edu.chainguard.dev/open-source/wolfi • https://github.com/wolfi-dev • https://github.com/chainguard-dev/melange • https://github.com/chainguard-dev/apko • https://github.com/chainguard-images/images/tree/main/images/node © white duck GmbH 2023
  • 10. Image verification with Cosign • “Cosign signs OCI containers using Sigstore” • integrated with K8s policies Cosign allows validating the source of images • verifying third-party images • signing and validating your own images • integrations are available with OPA Gatekeeper and Kyverno © white duck GmbH 2023
  • 11. Demo: Cosign and Kyverno in Action • we will deploy a policy • then run signed and unsigned images • more details • https://kyverno.io • https://github.com/sigstore/cosign • https://www.sigstore.dev © white duck GmbH 2023
  • 12. Container Runtime Security with Tetragon • “eBPF-based Security Observability and Runtime Enforcement” • gives you awareness into your cluster • without that you won't know what is going on • alerts you on malicious events and workloads • real-time enforcement © white duck GmbH 2023
  • 13. Demo: Tetragon in Action • we will inject into a Pod via Log4Shell • then observe the process execution • and finally block it • more details • https://github.com/cilium/tetragon • don’t miss the workshops later today! © white duck GmbH 2023
  • 14. Questions? • Slides • https://www.slideshare.net/nmeisenzahl • Demo • https://github.com/nmeisenzahl/prevent-your-k8s-from-being-hacked © white duck GmbH 2023 Email: nico.meisenzahl@whiteduck.de Twitter: @nmeisenzahl LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/nicomeisenzahl Blog: https://meisenzahl.org