1. Robotics

2. Introduction Of Robotics
 Robot and Robotics technologies represented a practical
applications of physics, computer science, engineering and
mathematics.
 It provides a very powerful and flexible approach to
demonstrate a variety of engineering concept.

3. What is a Robot ?
As such no formal defination, Research
Engineers at Robosapiensindia came up with
the undermentioned defination…
“An electrical or mechanical or electromechanical,
programmable or non programmable multifunctional
manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools, or
specialized devices through various programmed motions for
the performance of a variety of tasks”

4. Introduction
Isaac Asimov popularized the term robotics. Asimov is a
visionary who envisioned in the 1930’s the positronic brain
for controlling robots. He invented the three laws of
robotics:
• A robot may not harm a human
through action or inaction, allow a
human to come to harm
• A robot must obey the orders given
by human beings, except when such
orders conflict with the First Law
• A robot must protect its own
existence as long as it does not
conflict with the First or Second Laws

5. Learning Objective
• What the word robot means and its origins
• Some of the current uses of robots in society
• Explain some of the key problems involved
in designing and building robots

6. Current Robotic Technologies
• Industrial robots
(which can be re-programmed) are used
extensively in factories to weld, paint,
lift and transport goods in place of
humans
• The car manufacturing industry is a
good example. Robots weld and fit car
components to new vehicles

7. Current Robotic Technologies
• Large organisations and companies reap
many benefits from robotic technologies
because:
• Robots are less expensive than paying
human workers over the long run and
robots are not prone to injure themselves.

8. Robots are currently used for situations where
human safety is an issue
• Robots are used internationally by
Police, Army, Navy and Air force
organisations
• Robotic technology is used to deal
with hazardous situations such as
dealing with suspicious packages, riots
and for the collection of foreign
intelligence
• NASA scientists use robotic technologies (Mars Explorer) to
explore other planets

9. Industrial Application
•Repetitive tasks
•High speed
•High precision movements
•Pre-planned trajectories and task policies
•Automated and no human interference required

10. Current Robots

11. Current Robots
Design Goals:
• Sensor-rich
• Controllable
• Reliability
• Efficiency

12. Shared Challenges
• Configuring sensors and actuators in
running system
• Coordinating sensors and actuators
asynchronously
• monitoring/interacting/debugging
running system
• Development when access to robot is
limited
• Re-use of components across
hardware platforms and device

13. Robotics in Movies
• MATRIX
• I-ROBOT
• TERMINATOR

14. Contd…..
• All these movies are based on the fact that rules of
robotics are violated
• Robots turn against their very own creators humans
• So we should build robots keeping the rules of
robotics in mind

15. Robotics Fiction
•Matrix is an artificial reality created by sentient machines
in order to pacify and subdue the human population
• It contains numerous references to philosophical and
religious ideas and to the hacker subculture, as well as
homage’s to the style of Japanese animation and
cyberpunk
•It shows the conflict between humans & machines and
shows how machines can turn hostile against humans if
not controlled cautiously

16. A robot must have the following essential
characteristics
• Mobility: It possesses some form of mobility.
• Programmability: It can be programmed to accomplish a
large variety of tasks. After being programmed, it operates
automatically.
• Sensors: On or around the device that are able to sense the
environment and give useful feedback to the device.
• Mechanical capability: Enabling it to act on its environment
rather than merely function as a data processing or
computational device (a robot is a machine); and
• Flexibility: It can operate using a range of programs and
manipulates in a variety of ways.

17. Asimo
• ASIMO is a humanoid robot
created by Honda. ASIMO
was created at Honda’s
Research & Development
Wako Fundamental
Technical Research Center
in Japan.
• The name ASIMO is an
acronym for “Advanced
Step in Innovative
Mobility”.

18. Contd…..
• The main concept behind Honda's robot was to create a more
viable mobility that allow robots to help and live in harmony
with people.
• ASIMO has the unique ability to walk forward, backward, side
step and even climb stairs with human-like agility. With the
capability to navigate and operate in our world, ASIMO will be
able to perform tasks to assist .
• ASIMO has two Degrees of Freedom on its neck, six on each
arm and six on each leg.
• ASIMO may also someday be helpful in dangerous work
environments such as moving harmful chemicals or fighting
fires.

19. Kismet (robot)
Kismet is a robot made in
the late 1990s at
Massachusetts Institute of
Technology with auditory,
visual and expressive
systems intended to
participate in human social
interaction and to
demonstrate simulated
human emotion and
appearance. The name
Kismet comes from the
Arabic , Turkish , Urdu Hindi
and Punjabi word meaning
"fate" or sometimes "luck".

20. Contd....
• Kismet simulates emotion through various facial expressions,
vocalizations, and movement. Facial expressions are created
through movements of the ears, eyebrows, eyelids, lips, jaw,
and head.
 Four color CCD cameras mounted on a stereo active vision
head and two wide field of view cameras allow Kismet to
decide what to pay attention to and to estimate distances.
 Maxon DC servo motors with high resolution optical
encoders are positioned to give Kismet three degrees of eye
movement, which allow it to control gaze direction and gives
Kismet the ability to move and orient its eyes like a human.
This allows Kismet to simulate human visual behaviors.

21. iCub robot

22. Contd....
 The iCub is a small-size humanoid robot being designed by
the RobotCub Consortium, consisting of several European
universities.
 The iCub is the humanoid baby-robot being designed within
the RobotCub project. It is a full humanoid robot sized as a
three and half year-old child; about 3 feet tall. It has 53
degrees of freedom, including articulated hands that are used
for manipulation and gesturing.
 iCub robot, like a human child and it is a fine simulation of a
human child. The iCub is able to crawl and walk, make
human-like eye and head movements and recognise and
grasp objects.

23. Conclusion
Although most robots in use today are designed
for specific tasks, the goal is to make universal
robots, robots flexible enough to do just about
anything a human can do.

24. Thank You…