38. “even the distance at which the Almighty has placed England and America is a strong and natural proof that the author of one over the other was never the design of heaven”
56. “….right of our manifest destiny to overspread and possess the whole continent… for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federated self-government entrusted to us”
79. John C Calhoun: “Time is acting for us; and, if we shall have the wisdom to trust its operation, it will assert and maintain our right with resistless force, without costing a cent of money, or a drop of blood”
93. Take at least a generation to uproot legacies of monarchism and Catholicism
94. Jefferson harsh on impact of Catholic Church, 1813 “…priest-ridden people maintaining a free civil government. This marks the lowest grace of ignorance, of which their civil as well as religious leaders will always avail themselves for their own purposes”
95.
96. Henry Clay of Kentucky (more optimistic): promoted granting of diplomatic recognition to newly independent countries of the region
97. International arena, new governments throughout region “would be animated by American feeling, guided by American policy”
105. One congressman, different religion, different language, “our people have regarded them as aliens and outlaws from the pale of humanity and civilization”
106. Late 1890s, imminence of Spanish-American War prompted criticism of Spain’s historical record
114. Debates over Puerto Rice, Representative James Slayden of Texas – pseudoscientific principles “Tropics seems to heat blood while enervating the people who inhabit them”
129. John C Calhoun saw nothing but trouble in the capture of Mexico
130. “we have never dreamt of incorporating into our Union any but the Caucasian race – the free white race… I protest against such a union as that! Ours, sir, is the Government of white race”
131. Only the free white race was capable of democratic government
132. Others were willing to compromise by taking as much land as possible with few people
133. Purpose of Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was acquisition of territory not incorporation of citizens
134. Long run, US would await alteration of ethnic composition of Mexican society
147. Orville H Platt… people of Cuba because of race and characteristic “cannot be easily assimilated by us…”
148. John W Foster “negro problem in our Southern states pressing upon us for solution… do we desire to aggravate the situation by adding a million more of the despised race to our voting population?”
149. Cuba was granted independence (partly a response to concerns) in 1902
150.
151. Prejudicial disdain to colored people was justification for forceful acquisition of influence and territory
169. Perpetual rationalization was that the judicious application of military force by the US would lead to promotion of democracy throughout the region.
170. This policy focused exclusively on greater Caribbean Basin + Mexico and Central America
171. Some were short, others led to military occupations of several years
177. During this time, there were constraints on US democracy; women wanting to vote in 1919, organized labor was struggling, racial segregation meant exclusion of blacks from political life
178. View of popular skepticism; Us had little interest in promoting politics throughout region
185. US ambassador to British counterparts stated make them vote, if they rebel they can vote again
186. Pattern clear in 1906, T Roosevelt used Platt Amendment to justify dispatch troops to Cuba and install William Howard Taft as provisional governor
187. US undertook annul election of 1905, enact electoral legislation and monitor a vote in 1909
188. TR: “establish peace and order on satisfactory basis, start the new government, and then leave the island”
226. Goodwill tour of South American in 1928, then-popular president promised US would be respectful of national sensibilities and promote democracy by example, not force
227.
228. American – democracy, hierarchy of races, bringing of civilization, White Man’s Burden, Manifest Destiny, social Darwinism
254. “….right of our manifest destiny to overspread and possess the whole continent… for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federated self-government entrusted to us”
263. John C Calhoun saw nothing but trouble in the capture of Mexico
264. “we have never dreamt of incorporating into our Union any but the Caucasian race – the free white race… I protest against such a union as that! Ours, sir, is the Government of white race”
265. Only the free white race was capable of democratic government
266. How did the US view of Latin America both promote and restrict US expansion into the area?
279. What were the main motivations for US military intervention in Latin America at the turn of the century up to the 1930s? What pattern did these interventions follow?