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Chap19
1.
Chapter 19 OPERATIONS AND VALUE CHAIN MANAGEMENT ©
Prentice Hall, 2002 19-1
2.
Learning Objectives You should
learn to: – Describe the role of the transformation process in operations management – Explain why operations management is important to all types of organizations – Define value chain management – Discuss the goal of value chain management – Explain the organizational and managerial requirements for value chain management © Prentice Hall, 2002 19-2
3.
Learning Objectives (cont.) You
should learn to: – Describe the benefits of and obstacles to value chain management – Discuss technology’s role in operations management – Describe how quality affects operations management – Explain ISO 9000 and Six Sigma © Prentice Hall, 2002 19-3
4.
What Is Operations
Management? Operations Management – the design, operation, and control of the transformation process that converts such resources as labor and raw materials into goods and services that are sold to customers – every organization has an operations system that creates value by transforming inputs into outputs • every unit in an organization also has an operations system © Prentice Hall, 2002 19-4
5.
The Operations System Inputs Outputs •
People • Goods • Technology • Services • Capital Transformation Process • Equipment • Materials • Information © Prentice Hall, 2002 19-5
6.
Why Is Operations
Management Important? Encompasses Services and Manufacturing – manufacturing organization - produces physical goods – service organization - produces nonphysical outputs in the form of services • U.S. economy currently dominated by the creation and sale of services Managing Productivity – productivity - overall output of goods or services divided by the inputs needed to generate that output – increasing productivity is key to global competitiveness – productivity is a composite of people and operations variables © Prentice Hall, 2002 19-6
7.
Deming’s 14 Points
for Improving Management’s Productivity © Prentice Hall, 2002 19-7
8.
Importance Of Operations
Management (cont.) Strategic Role of Operations Management – manufacturing operations taken for granted prior to 1970 – in 1970s U.S. executives recognized that they were facing a crisis • began incorporating existing and future production requirements into the organization’s overall strategic plan © Prentice Hall, 2002 19-8
9.
Value Chain Management What
is Value Chain Management? – value - performance characteristics, features, and attributes, and any other aspects of goods and services for which customers are willing to give up resources • organizations must provide value to attract and keep customers • value provided through the transformation of raw materials into some product or service that end-users need where, when, and how they want it © Prentice Hall, 2002 19-9
10.
Value Chain Management
(cont.) What is Value Chain Management? (cont.) – value chain - entire series of work activities that add value at each step of the transformation process – value chain management - process of managing an entire sequence of activities along the entire value chain • is externally oriented – focuses on both incoming materials and outgoing products and services • is effectiveness oriented and aims to create the highest value for customers – supply chain management - is internally oriented © Prentice Hall, 2002 19-10
11.
Value Chain Management
(cont.) Goal of Value Chain Management – create a value chain strategy that meets and exceeds customers’ needs • recognizes that ultimately customers are the ones with power – create a full and seamless integration among all members of the chain • sequence of participants work together as a team • each adds a component of value to the overall process • the better the collaboration among chain participants, the better the customer solutions © Prentice Hall, 2002 19-11
12.
Value Chain Management
(cont.) Requirements for Value Chain Management – business model - strategic design for how a company intends to profit from its broad array of strategies, processes, and activities – Coordination and Collaboration - comprehensive and seamless integration among all members of the chain • each partner must identify things that customers value • requires sharing of information and being flexible – Technology Investment - information technology can be used to restructure the value chain to serve end-users • enterprise resource planning software - links all of an organization’s activities with trading network partners © Prentice Hall, 2002 19-12
13.
Value Chain Management
(cont.) Requirements for Value Chain Management (cont.) – Organizational Processes - the way that organizational work is done • must examine core competencies to determine where value is being added • non-value-adding activities should be eliminated • processes must change in the following ways: – better demand forecasting is necessary – selected functions may need to be done collaboratively – new metrics required for evaluating performance along the chain © Prentice Hall, 2002 19-13
14.
Value Chain Management
(cont.) Requirements for Value Chain Management (cont.) – Leadership - outlines expectations for organization’s pursuit of value chain management – Employees/Human Resources • flexibility in the design of jobs – jobs should be designed around work processes that link functions involved in creating value • hiring of workers who have the ability to learn and adapt • significant investments in continual and ongoing employee training © Prentice Hall, 2002 19-14
15.
Value Chain Management
(cont.) Requirements for Value Chain Management (cont.) – Organizational Culture and Attitudes - important for employees to have favorable attitudes regarding sharing, collaborating, openness, flexibility, mutual respect, and trust • these attitudes must characterize internal and external partners Benefits of Value Chain Management – improved customer service - the major benefit – cost savings – accelerated delivery times – improved quality © Prentice Hall, 2002 19-15
16.
The Requirements For
Successful Value Chain Management Organizational Culture and Attitudes Employees Leadership © Prentice Hall, 2002 Coordination and Collaboration Value Chain Strategy Technology Investment Organizational Processes 19-16
17.
Value Chain Benefits ©
Prentice Hall, 2002 19-17
18.
Value Chain Management
(cont.) Obstacles to Value Chain Management – Organizational Barriers - among the most difficult • include refusal or reluctance to share information, shake up the status quo, and deal with security issues – Cultural Attitudes • lack of trust - reluctance to share information, capabilities, and processes • too much trust - leads to theft of intellectual property – intellectual property - proprietary company information that is critical to competitiveness • collaboration results in a loss of control © Prentice Hall, 2002 19-18
19.
Value Chain Management
(cont.) Obstacles to Value Chain Management (cont.) – Required Capabilities - essential to capturing and exploiting the value chain • coordination and collaboration • ability to configure products to satisfy customers • ability to educate internal and external partners – People - must be committed to value chain management • must be flexible • must be willing to expend incredible amounts of time and energy • experienced managers a critical resource © Prentice Hall, 2002 19-19
20.
Obstacles To Successful
Value Chain Management Cultural Attitudes Organizational Barriers Obstacles to Value Chain Management People © Prentice Hall, 2002 Required Capabilities 19-20
21.
Current Issues In
Operations Management Technology’s Role in E-Manufacturing – smart companies trying to harness Web technology to improve operations management – link plant-floor automation with enterprise-wide business network systems • synchronize enterprise operations with customers – technology is helping to reduce manufacturing costs • e-manufacturing technology is affecting equipment maintenance • prevents equipment breakdowns and subsequent production downtime © Prentice Hall, 2002 19-21
22.
Current Issues (cont.) Quality
Initiatives – strategic initiatives that promote quality and continuous improvement are critical to manufacturing excellence – quality - the ability of a product or service to reliably do what it’s supposed to do and to satisfy customer expectations – Planning for Quality - need quality improvement goals and strategies to achieve those goals – Organizing and Leading for Quality - two approaches • cross-functional teams • self-directed or empowered teams © Prentice Hall, 2002 19-22
23.
Current Issues (cont.) Quality
Initiatives (cont) – Controlling for Quality - monitor and evaluate the progress of quality improvement efforts • e.g., standards for inventory control, defect rate, and raw materials procurement • defect prevention rather than defect detection is a priority – quality is the responsibility of all employees © Prentice Hall, 2002 19-23
24.
Current Issues (cont.) Quality
Goals – ISO 9000 - series of international quality management standards proposed by the International Organization for Standardization • uniform guidelines for processes to ensure that products conform to customer requirements • internationally recognized – ISO certification becoming a prerequisite for global business © Prentice Hall, 2002 19-24
25.
Quality Dimensions of
Goods and Services © Prentice Hall, 2002 19-25
26.
Reasons For Pursuing
ISO 9000 Certification Customer demands and expectations ISO 9000 certification useful for: Corporate strategy Quality © Prentice Hall, 2002 Market advantage Competitive pressures Production costs 19-26
27.
Current Issues (cont.) Quality
Goals (cont.) – Six Sigma - a quality standard that establishes a goal of no more than 3.4 defects per million units or procedures – is essentially a zero-defects standard • quality-driven businesses use it to judge their suppliers © Prentice Hall, 2002 19-27
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