Many organizations want to implement some type of microservices strategy, commonly by way of containers. Running containers in development can create fast feedback cycles and gives developers additional autonomy while working, but how does this translate to running containers in production? In this webinar we will talk about the main drivers and challenges with containers, as well as the huge divide between running containers in development and operationalizing your application at scale and for production release.

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Containers, from
Development to Production
Jay Lyman , 451 Research
Craig Monson, 2nd Watch
March 7, 2019

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Craig Monson
Cloud Advocate
Jay Lyman
Principal Analyst, Cloud Native and DevOps

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Questions?
Presentation Slides
Feedback
Housekeeping items
Questions?
A copy of the presentation will be provided to
all attendees
Presentation Slides
Feedback
To ask a question, click on the question button
Don’t forget to leave feedback at the end
of the webinar

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Agenda
Enterprise Container Landscape
Container & cloud-native drivers
Container challenges
DIY in decline
Tied to Hybrid Cloud

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The Enterprise Container Landscape
• Containers: a top enterprise IT priority
• Still relatively early days of adoption – containers in VMs
• Growing use, but limited scale and less in production
• Containers, microservices and Kubernetes: the promise and
the pain

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Q: Are any of the following items top IT priorities for your organization in 2019?
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division of The 451 Group.

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Q: Please describe the level of usage within your organization for each of the following technologies. - Containers/container
management
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division of The 451 Group.

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Container drivers
Speed and developer productivity
Consistency
Isolation and security
Portability

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Source: 451 Research, Voice of the Enterprise: Servers and Converged Infrastructure, Workloads and Key Projects 2018
Q19. How will the use of containers impact the speed of your organization’s application resource provisioning, relative to yo ur
traditional and virtualized infrastructure?
9
26%
33%
21%
6%
14%
Weeks reduced to days
Full day reduced to hours
Hours reduced to minutes
Container provisioning will be slower than provisioning for
traditional and virtual infrastructures
No provisioning speed advantage with containers is expected
% of respondents (n=168)
Impact on speed of application resource provisioning by use
of containers relative to traditional and virtualized
infrastructure
Respondents who use or plan to use containers

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Q12. Which of the following benefits has your organization experienced due to deploying containers on your organization's x86
servers? Please select all that apply.
1
0
55.6%
50.3%
47.7%
36.4%
33.1%
2.6%
7.3%
Standardization of development
environment
Isolation of applications
Increased portability
Improved security
Consistent development lifecycles
We have not experienced any benefits
Other
Percent of Sample
n = 151
Benefits of Deploying Containers
Respondents who have servers running containers
Source: 451 Research, Voice of the Enterprise: Servers and Converged Infrastructure, Organizational Dynamics 2017

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Container Challenges
Security and Compliance
Complexity
Production use
Existing VM process sufficient

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Biggest hurdle to container adoption by title
Q: What is the biggest hurdle to container adoption for your organization? (Container-using organizations; B&W Paper Study, NA,
2017; N=201)
34% 33% 36%
28% 28%
29%
19% 25% 12%
11% 7%
15%
7% 7% 7%
0% 0% 1%
Total (n=201) Director (n=107) VP or Above (n=94)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Other
Existing VM process is efficient
Production use
Complexity
Compliance and regulatory
concerns
Security

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Container implementation challenges
Q. What are the biggest challenges for you to overcome in implementing containers? (Container-using organizations; B&W Paper Study, NA,
2017; N=201)
47%
39%
51%
61%
40%
22%
21%
26% 11%
30%
20%
29%
16%
16% 18%
10% 11% 7%
13% 13%
Total (n=201) Infrastructure (n=62) Programming &
Development (n=61)
DevOps (n=38) Other (n=40)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
The technology is too early to
consider
Fear of people being replaced by
machines
Internal culture
Training internal teams on
containers and container
orchestration

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What’s ahead?
Fueled by Hybrid Cloud
Top IaaS feature
Leaving VMs behind
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Q7. Which of the following best describes your organization's overall IT approach and strategy?
© 2019, 451 Research, LLC - A
division of The 451 Group.

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Source: 451 Research, Voice of the Enterprise: Cloud, Hosting & Managed Services, Workloads and Key Projects 2018
Q15. When developing cloud-native software, which, if any, of the following approaches does your organization take to designing
that software?
1
6
32%
30%
22%
17%
Design it to run effectively on any cloud environment
Design it to run on a specific public cloud environment
Design it to run effectively on any public cloud environment
Design it to run on our own private cloud
% of respondents (n = 266)
Approaches to cloud-native software development
Respondents developing cloud -native or cloud-enabled software

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Source: 451 Research, Voice of the Enterprise: Cloud, Hosting & Managed Services, Workloads and Key Projects 2018
Q4. Which of the following IaaS features is your organization using in connection with your IaaS/public cloud deployment? Please
select all that apply.
1
7
45%
42%
41%
37%
33%
30%
25%
23%
22%
21%
16%
14%
5%
8%
Relational database
Data/business analytics
Containers
Auto-scaling
Data warehouse
Serverless compute/function as a service
NoSQL database
Real-time/streaming data processing
Machine learning
Mobile services
IoT platform
Large-scale/batch data transfer
Other
None
% of respondents (n = 322)
IaaS features currently in use (containers in top
three)
IaaS/public cloud users

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Source: 451 Research, Voice of the Enterprise: Cloud, Hosting & Managed Services, Workloads and Key Projects 2018
Q5. Which of the following IaaS features is your organization planning to begin using in connection with IaaS/public cloud services
during the next year? Please select all that apply.
1
8
27%
19%
18%
16%
16%
15%
15%
13%
12%
12%
12%
10%
2%
18%
Machine learning
Containers
Data/business analytics
Serverless compute/function as a service
Real-time/streaming data processing
Auto-scaling
IoT platform
Relational database
Data warehouse
Mobile services
NoSQL database
Large-scale/batch data transfer
Other
None
% of respondents (n = 268)
IaaS features planned during next year (containers
second)
IaaS/public cloud users

19. Containers, from
Development to Production
Craig Monson, Cloud Advocate

20. Containers: What are they?
20Copyright/Confidential statement.

21. They are an Abstraction
• Logical packaging of an application and it’s environment
• Light weight (run at kernel level)
• Portable
• Isolated
21Copyright/Confidential statement.

22. What are they NOT?
22Copyright/Confidential statement.

23. They are not:
• … Virtual Machines
• … meant to be stateful
• … a replacement for best practices
• … a silver bullet
23Copyright/Confidential statement.

24. How do we go from Dev to Prod?
24Copyright/Confidential statement.

25. Deployment Pipeline!
• Build
• Test
• Deploy
• (Test again)
• Monitor and Alert
25Copyright/Confidential statement.

26. Build
26Copyright/Confidential statement.

27. Create your artifact
• Describe the image in code (ie: Dockerfile)
• Build the image
• Store it (preferably in a registry)
27Copyright/Confidential statement.

28. Test
28Copyright/Confidential statement.

29. Keep things close
• Unit tests should be fast: Quick feedback.
• Test the code, not the container (yet)
29Copyright/Confidential statement.

30. Deploy
30Copyright/Confidential statement.

31. Orchestration
• Automates rollouts / rollbacks
• Services Automation (discovery, health etc)
• Scaling
• Resource Management
31Copyright/Confidential statement.

32. Frameworks
• Kubernetes
• Nomad
• Mesos
• Docker Swarm
• ECS / Fargate
• OpenShift (kube)
32Copyright/Confidential statement.

33. Describe your Service
• Declare the expected state of your service as code
• The orchestration framework will handle:
• Deployment
• Health
• Scaling
33Copyright/Confidential statement.

34. (Test Again)
34Copyright/Confidential statement.

35. NOW test your containers
• Integration Tests
• Load Tests
• Performance Tests (SLA/SLO/SLI)
• Stress Tests
• Resiliency Tests
• Security Tests
35Copyright/Confidential statement.

36. Monitor and Alert
36Copyright/Confidential statement.

37. Monitor Nodes AND Containers
• Gather the standard metrics on the nodes (disk/cpu/mem/network)
• Gather similar stats on the containers.
• Gather application stats
• Utilize a log aggregator
• Alert on important things
37Copyright/Confidential statement.

38. Gotchas
38Copyright/Confidential statement.

39. Monoliths are poor containerization candidates
• Containers are better for an SOA or Microservices
• Not a silver bullet
39Copyright/Confidential statement.

40. Containers should be immutable!
• Do not package state or config with the image
• No localized data
• Expect your containers to come and go
40Copyright/Confidential statement.

41. Contact us. Craig Monson – cmonson@2ndwatch.com
2ndwatch.com
Address phone # Email

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Q & A

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