SEI Electric Vehicles Conference, April 2009

1. Infrastructure Issues for Electric
Vehicle Deployment in Ireland
Conor Garrigan
ESB Networks

2. Regulatory Background
•Generation :ESB PG plus independent generators
•Transmission TSO: – Eirgrid
•Distribution DSO: – ESB Networks
•Supply : ESB Customer Supply ( PES) plus independent Suppliers

3. What does this mean for the consumer?
• Consumers have a direct relationship with
both ESB Networks and their chosen
supplier
Consumer
ESB Networks Supplier
•Market Systems
•Work Processes
•Commercial arrangements

4. Focusing on the first element – Network
connection
• Where do we expect to have charging
points
– Domestic
– On Street
– Car Parks
• Shopping Centres, Offices, Apartment blocks

5. What are the expected charging
requirements.
Charge Functional Need Power (kW)
Standard 100% 3
6-8 hours
Emergency 24km 25
in 10mins
Fast 80% 120
in 10mins

6. EV infrastructure what do we need
Network connection Charging Equipment ICT Platform

7. Can I charge my EV at home ?
• We already have 2M connections
nationwide Battery Capacity kWh
• Typical charge rate available 3kwh 40
35
• This should be sufficient for most
30
batteries on an overnight charge.
25
• So the answer is Yes…but with 20 Battery Capacity kWh
limitations
15
• Battery Technology rapidly improving 10
5
– Higher capacity batteries with shorter
charging times 0
– Increased demand for three phase Toyota G Wiz SMART Volt BYD F6 A class Mini E
charging PHEV For two EV

8. So what’s the impact of home charging
on the Network
• As EV penetration increases , we could find that the Low
Voltage network and potentially the supply levels to
houses will need to be reinforced and increased.
• Typical system peak is between 5-7 pm, an appropriate
mechanism for managing EV charging over this period
would be required.
• But that’s all part of the normal management of the
network.

9. I forgot to charge my car at home –
On street
• Expected to be used during day time by commuters.
• Existing LV cables in the streets of many urban areas.
• Easier to provide higher capacity charging than domestic situation
– 3 phase supplies available.
• Metered connection of up to 45kVA to be distributed to individual
charge points.
• Opportunity for a flexible arrangement for options of single/three
phase and varying capacities .

10. How would Networks do this
LV cable in street
Charge points Charge points
Network
Pillar

11. Technical Implications to consider
Low penetration of on street chargers do not pose
significant risks to the Network stability.
As infrastructure proliferates and especially with the
demand for larger and faster charge points this could
give rise to system issue such as ,
– Harmonics generated by battery chargers
– Voltage disturbances
– Capacity problems
These are not new electrical issues and with a planned
development of any network they can be overcome.

12. Some general issues Networks need to
consider for on street charging
• Access control to charge points
• Safety of charge points for users and the general public
• Location of pillars and charge points
• Vandalism
• But once again these are consideration we already deal
with in providing electricity infrastructure.

13. Car parks
• Typically third party environments
• Retrofitting charge points would be dependant on available capacity
on existing supply.
– Depending on volume it could drive supply upgrades
– Local substation upgrades
– Additional circuits within complex.
• New builds could design EV charging into their electrical
infrastructure – link in with Electrical contractors/consultants
• Again high density of high capacity charge points could pose
Network disturbance issues

14. What does the consumer want ?
• Plentiful and unrestricted charge points
• Flexibility
– Charging regimes
– Payment options
• Choice of suppliers
• Associated with their domestic account
• Pre-payment offering
• Mechanism to pay third parties e.g battery supplier

15. How do we integrate this??
• Networks already provide metering and data services to retail
market participants.
• The EV proposition has some additional subtleties –
– The charge point is not exclusive to consumers
– Needs to accommodate multiple suppliers and flexible payment options.
– Has to be appropriate for our Regulated environment
So it would need,
• IT platform to link these elements along with the network imperatives
of providing a safe and reliable infrastructure to consumers

16. There are still some unknowns
• Diversity of battery technologies
• Would like to see clarity on standardisation of
– Equipment
– Charging regimes
– Communication protocols
• Government policies in relation to EV.

17. Networks Summary
• We already have the infrastructure for low level charging
at the domestic level
• We can provide on street charge point connections in a
controlled and planned manner
• There are some technical implications for the network
and these will need to be analysed and assessed.

18. Thank you

19. Backup slides

20. What range does this give me,
• This depends on size , usage and battery
tech but typically,
– Peugeot Expert Van 4km/kwh
– Sedan/Mini E 6km/kwh
– Mit. MIEV 10km/kwh

21. Pictures
• Equipment
– Installed minipillar
– Charge points
• Typical locations
– Fitzwilliam
– Merrion Sq South
• Car
– Tesla