2. Sigmund Freud
•Sigmund Freud is considered to be the father
of psychiatry. He is considered to be the
founder of the psychodynamic approach to
psychology which looks closely at the
unconscious drives that motivate people to act
in certain ways.
3. Stages of Development
Sucking is the primary source of pleasure
for a newborn. Everything goes in the
mouth. Sucking = food.
Oral (0 – 1.5 years of age)
6. Personality traits can also develop
during adulthood that are linked to oral
fixation; these traits can include
optimism and independence or
pessimism and hostility.
7. Anal (1.5 to 3 years of age)
Stages of Development
• Now baby is supposed to control
bowels.
• The major conflict at this stage is toilet
training.
8.
9. Anal-expulsive
personality could develop in
which the individual has a
clumsy, messy, wasteful,
disorganized or destructive
personality. Anal-retentive
personality develops in
which the individual is overly
neat, stringent, orderly, rigid,
and obsessive.
10. Phallic (3 – 5 year of age)
Stages of Development
Children become particularly interested in playing
with their genitals at this stage.
• morality and sexuality identification and figuring out
what it means to be a girl/boy.
• Children, according to Freud have sexual feelings
for the opposite sexed parent at this stage
11. The Oedipus
complex describes these
feelings of wanting to
possess the mother and
the desire to replace the
father. However, the child
also fears that he will be
punished by the father for
these feelings, a fear
Freud termed castration
anxiety.
Electra complex
Briefly, the girl
desires the father,
but realizes that
she does not have
a penis. This leads
to the development
of penis envy and
the wish to be a
boy.
12. FIXATION :
Males may take great pride in their
masculinity and their sexuality while
women may become flirtatious and
promiscuous.
In both instances, these personality traits
are a sign of low self-esteem and self-
worth.
13. Latency (5 – 12 years of age)
Stages of Development
The latency stage is the period of relative
calm. The sexual and aggressive drives are
less active and there is little in the way of
psychosexual conflict.
14.
15. Genital (12 – adulthood)
Stages of Development
All tasks from the previous four stages are
integrated into the mind allowing for the
onset of healthy sexual feelings and
behaviors.
16. This is the last stage of Freud's
psychosexual theory of personality
development and begins in puberty. It is a
time of adolescent sexual
experimentation, the successful resolution
of which is settling down in a loving one-
to-one relationship with another person in
our 20's.
