The Modern Philosophies of Education.... brief and easy to understand presentation

1. PHILOSOPHIES OF
EDUCATION
Mr. Neilson A. Silva, LPT, MAEd

2. ESSENTIALISM
 Teachers teach for learners to acquire basic knowledge, skills
and values
 “not to radically reshape the society but rather to transmit
traditional moral values and intellectual knowledge to
become model citizens

3. What to teach?
 Emphasis is on academic content for the students to learn the
basic skill (r’s – reading, ‘riting, ‘rithmetic, ‘right conduct
 Frown upon vocational courses or other courses with
“watered down” academic content
 Place little emphasis on student interests
 Curriculum includes the traditional disciplines such as Math,
Language, natural science, History and literature

4. How to teach?
 Emphasizes mastery of the subject matter
 Teachers are seen as fountain of information and as paragon
of virtue
 Longer school day, longer academic year
 Teachers rely heavily on prescribed textbooks, drill and lecture
method
 There is a heavy stress on memorization and discipline

5. PROGRESSIVISM
 Accept the impermanence of life and the inevitability of change, everything else
changes
 Develop learners into becoming enlightened and intelligent citizens of a
democratic society.

6. What to teach?
 Progressivists are identified with need-based and relevant curriculum
 Curriculum that responds to students’ needs and that relates to students’ personal
lives and experiences
 Students solve problems similar to those they will encounter outside the
schoolhouse

7. How to teach?
 Emphasizes mastery of the subject matter
 Teachers are seen as fountain of information and as paragon
of virtue
 Longer school day, longer academic year
 Teachers rely heavily on prescribed textbooks, drill and lecture
method
 There is a heavy stress on memorization and discipline

8. EXISTENTIALISM
 The main concern is to help students understand and
appreciate themselves as unique individuals who accept
complete responsibility fro their thoughts, feelings and
actions.
 Existentialist demands the education of the whole person , not
just the mind
 Expose to environment in which they freely choose their own
preferred way

9. What to teach?
 Students are given variety of options to choose
 Humanities are given emphasis to unleash their own creativity
and self-expression
 Vocational education is regarded as a means of teaching
students about themselves and their potential than of
learning a livelihood

10. How to teach?
 Learning is self-paced, self-directed
 Teachers employ values clarification strategy and remain non-
judgemental, not imposing their values since values are
personal

11. BEHAVIORISM
 Concerned with the modification and shaping of students’
behaviour by providing a favourable environment
 Behaviorist teachers teach students to respond favourably to
various stimuli in the environment
 Conditioned the environment (Physical set-up of the
classroom)
 Stimuli to capture students’ attention
 Reinforcement and punishment

12. LINGUISTIC PHILOSOPHY
 To develop the communication skills of the learner because the ability to articulate
is the very essence of man
 Teachers teach to develop in the learners the skill to send messages clearly and
receive messages correctly
 3 ways of communication
Verbal – content of message, choice and arrangement of our words. Can be oral
or written
Non-verbal – body language
Paraverbal – how we say what we say(tone, volume and pacing of our voice)

13. CONSTRUCTIVISM
 Teach to construct knowledge and make meaning out of them
 Learners are taught how to learn
 Searching, evaluating and critiquing are just some of the methods
 Teachers provide students with data or experience that allow them to hypothesize,
predict, manipulate objects, research and etc.