Research is nothing but a continuous search for knowledge. There are different methods of acquiring knowledge, those are described in this presentation.

2. 2.Tradition –Closely related to authority. Man
unquestioningly accepts many traditions of his forefathers or
culture.
1)Authority-–when factual evidence cannot be obtained,
one has to rely upon authoritative opinion.
3)Experience-one should be critical about it.
6)Scientific Method-Charles Darwin-Combination of
Inductive & deductive
5)-Inductive Reasoning-Francis Bacon
4)Deductive Reasoning –Aristotle-syllogism-general to
specific-Major premise, minor premise-conclusion

3. 1)Authority-–when factual evidence cannot be obtained, one has
to rely upon authoritative opinion.

4. 2.Tradition –Closely related to authority. Man
unquestioningly accepts many traditions of his
forefathers or culture.

5. 3)Experience-one should be critical about it.

6. 4)Deductive Reasoning –Aristotle-syllogism-general to
specific-Major premise, minor premise-conclusion

7. 5)-Inductive Reasoning-Francis Bacon

8. 6)Scientific Method-Charles Darwin-Combination of Inductive &
deductive

9. Identification of
Problem
Formulation of Hypothesis
Collection,
Organization &
Analysis of Data
Finding the
Conclusions
Verification-rejection or
modification of hypothesis

10. All events in nature are lawful or ordered
predictable & regular
Truth can ultimately be derived from observation.
The Scientists maintain doubtful attitude towards data-
verification. of the findings.
The scientist is objective ,impartial and logical in
collecting &interpreting the data.
Scientist does not bother about the moral implications
of his findings
The ultimate goal of science is to integrate &
systematize findings in to a meaningful pattern of
theory

11. Science
Reduction &
Control of
Bias
Quest for
Precision
Verification
Empiricism
Theory
construction

12. A theory is a set of interrelated constructs
(Concepts) definition & proposition that
present a systematic view of phenomena by
specifying relations among variables with the
purpose of explaining & predicting the
phenomena

13. Theory is a set of statements comprising of interrelated
constructs, definitions & propositions
A theory sets out the relations among the set of constructs, definitions
or propositions in order to present a systematic view of the
phenomenon
A theory explains a phenomena by specifying what variables are related
to what variable & how they are related. So enable the scientists to
predict from certain variables to certain other variable.

14. A theory must be stated in simple &precise terms ( Law of
Parsimony)
• A theory must be in conformity both with the observed and
previously established body of knowledge or validated theory.
It must provide means for its own interpretation & verification